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9 - The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Rift Valley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2020

Simon Mitton
Simon Mitton
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

A fundamental goal of geophysics is the construction of a comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamics of Earth’s interior, which is inaccessible to direct measurement. Therefore, indirect methods such as the interrogation of seismic data obtained at the surface are used to model the physical properties of the interior. Interpretation of data requires the researcher to solve an inverse problem. In scientific inquiry, the solution of an inverse problem requires interpretting data to discover underlying causes. When we ask, “Why is it raining today?” we are posing an inverse problem: we have the data (getting wet!) and want to know the cause (frontal system, thunderstorm, etc.). The reverse situation – posing a forward problem – is to ask, “Will it rain tomorrow?” This can be tackled by computing a forecast from an atmospheric model. This chapter outlines an important case history in which the mere acquisition of data for its own sake led to a fascinating inverse problem: Why is the longest and greatest mountain range on Earth in the middle of the oceans?

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Chapter
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From Crust to Core
A Chronicle of Deep Carbon Science
 , pp. 167 - 193
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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