A U.S. lawyer qualified to practice in one or more states is subject to the competency requirement of each state's professional responsibility code. Similarly, lawyers qualified to practice in other countries are also subject to constraints. Therefore, if an attorney seeks enforcement, recognition, and execution abroad of a judgment rendered in a U.S. court, precautions must be taken to avoid possible liability arising from the unlicensed practice of law (“unauthorized practice of law” or UPL). This concern applies both in the United States and abroad. In the United States, approximately half of the states permit an attorney to hire a “foreign legal consultant” (FLC) to advise on the applicable law in the country in which the FLC is licensed to practice law. If an attorney does not engage a foreign legal consultant to render an opinion on the appropriate procedure, the attorney may be subject to discipline or malpractice liability under a state bar's ethical rule of competence. Similarly, if an American attorney does not engage a foreign attorney who is licensed to practice in the appropriate jurisdiction abroad, then the American attorney may be subject to liability under the foreign jurisdiction's prohibition against the unauthorized practice of law. Moreover, the failure to be licensed in the jurisdiction where legal advice is rendered can result in the inability to collect fees or give rise to legal malpractice claims.