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Chapter X - The Offerings to the Dead and to the Gods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2010

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Summary

What of the bones from which the life-liquid and the vaporous life-soul have been liberated? The drying process of age and death has been helped to completion by the fire. The sap appears in the dry plant and it lives again. The bones have been dried even as seeds must be dry before they can spurt into new life. The dry seed needs moisture anew if it is to begin life anew. So the dry bones, it might be hoped, receiving life-liquid, might live. Those of which we have fullest account in Homer, the bones of Patroklos and Achilles, are treated in a way for which no satisfactory reason has hitherto been forthcoming. They are not preserved in a dry vessel, as we might expect, but in the Iliad those of Patroklos are taken from the ashes after quenching with wine, and are laid in ‘twofold fat (δίπλακι δημῷ)’, and in the second Nekuia in the Odyssey those of Achilles are ‘gathered in unmixed wine and grease (ἀλείϕατι, “unguent”)’. But we have seen that fat or grease (including marrow, and the vegetable equivalent, oil) was particularly identified with the liquid and liquefiable element of life, i.e. with αἰών. In the treaty curse the Homeric heroes represented the fluid of the brain (which could not be stored as fat was) by wine. The dead were above all the ‘dry ones’.

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The Origins of European Thought
About the Body, the Mind, the Soul, the World, Time and Fate
, pp. 271 - 291
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1988

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