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6 - Infections, inflammations and HIV

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2010

By
Kate M. Park  and
Catherine M. Owens
Edited by
Heike E. Daldrup-Link  and
Charles A. Gooding
Heike E. Daldrup-Link
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
Charles A. Gooding
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Essentials of Pediatric Radiology
A Multimodality Approach
 , pp. 138 - 180
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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References

Barkovich, AJPediatric Neuroimaging, 4th edn. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005).Google Scholar
Martin, S (2001) Congenital toxoplasmosis. Neonatal Netw 20(4), 23–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noorbehesht, B, Enzmann, DR, Sullender, W, Bradley, JS, Arvin, AM (1987) Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis: correlation of clinical and CT findings. Radiology 162(3), 813–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, DV, Holfels, EM, Vogel, NPet al. (1996) Resolution of intracranial calcifications in infants with treated congenital toxoplasmosis. Radiology 199(2), 433–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Baganz, MD, Dross, PE, Reinhardt, JA (1995) Rocky Mountain spotted fever encephalitis: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(Suppl. 4), 919–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Barkovich, AJPediatric Neuroimaging, 4th edn. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005).Google Scholar
Chen, CY, Chang, YC, Huang, CCet al. (2001) Acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children with enterovirus 71 infection: MR imaging findings and clinical correlates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22(1), 200–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Kim, TK, Chang, KH, Kim, CJet al. (1995) Intracranial tuberculoma: comparison of MR with pathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(9), 1903–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Kuker, W, Nagele, T, Schmidt, F, Heckl, S, Herrlinger, U (2004) Diffusion-weighted MRI in herpes simplex encephalitis: a report of three cases. Neuroradiology 46(2), 122–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, KY, Cho, WH, Kim, SH, Kim, HD, Kim, IO (2003) Acute encephalitis associated with measles: MRI features. Neuroradiology 45(2), 100–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silverstein, FS, Brunberg, JA (1995) Postvaricella basal ganglia infarction in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(3), 449–52.Google ScholarPubMed
Tuncay, R, Akman-Demir, G, Gokyigit, Aet al. (1996) MRI in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Neuroradiology 38(7), 636–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Wilke, M, Eiffert, H, Christen, HJ, Hanefeld, F (2000) Primarily chronic and cerebrovascular course of Lyme neuroborreliosis: case reports and literature review. Arch Dis Child 83(1), 67–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckley, AR, Moss, EH, Blokmanis, A (1994) Diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess: value of intraoral sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 162(4), 961–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derkay, CS, Wiatrak, B (2008) Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a review. Laryngoscope 118(7), 1236–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, LFPediatric Imaging: The Fundamentals (Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009).Google Scholar
Marom, EM, Goodman, PC, McAdams, HP (2001) Diffuse abnormalities of the trachea and main bronchi. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176(3), 713–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marra, S, Hotaling, AJ (1996) Deep neck infections. Am J Otolaryngol 17(5), 287–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miziara, ID, Koishi, HU, Zonato, AIet al. (2001) The use of ultrasound evaluation in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 122(3), 201–3.Google Scholar
Prince, JS, Duhamel, DR, Levin, DL, Harrell, JH, Friedman, PJ (2002) Nonneoplastic lesions of the tracheobronchial wall: radiologic findings with bronchoscopic correlation. Radiographics 22(Spec. No.), S215–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, PM, Loftus, WK, Kew, Jet al. (1999) Diagnosis of peritonsillar infections: a prospective study of ultrasound, computerized tomography and clinical diagnosis. J Laryngol Otol 113(3), 229–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slovis, TLCaffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging, 11th edn. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2007).Google Scholar
Stroud, RH, Friedman, NR (2001) An update on inflammatory disorders of the pediatric airway: epiglottitis, croup, and tracheitis. Am J Otolaryngol 22(4), 268–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andronikou, S, Wieselthaler, N (2004) Modern imaging of tuberculosis in children: thoracic, central nervous system and abdominal tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 34(11), 861–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aquino, SL, Kee, ST, Warnock, ML, Gamsu, G (1994) Pulmonary aspergillosis: imaging findings with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 163(4), 811–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, LF (1999) Maximizing the usefulness of imaging in children with community-acquired pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172(2), 505–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, LFPediatric Imaging: The Fundamentals (Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009).Google Scholar
Fjaerli, HO, Farstad, T, Rod, Get al. (2005) Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County, Norway. BMC Pediatr 5, 31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glezen, WP, Paredes, A, Allison, JE, Taber, LH, Frank, AL (1981) Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level. J Pediatr 98(5), 708–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Jaffe, A, Calder, AD, Owens, CM, Stanojevic, S, Sonnappa, S (2008) Role of routine computed tomography in paediatric pleural empyema. Thorax 63(10), 897–902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ostapchuk, M, Roberts, DM, Haddy, R (2004) Community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children. Am Fam Physician 70(5), 899–908.Google ScholarPubMed
Riccabona, M (2008) Ultrasound of the chest in children (mediastinum excluded). Eur Radiol 18(2), 390–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, M, Coley, BPediatric Imaging, 1st edn. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006).Google Scholar
Slovis, TLCaffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging, 11th edn. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2007).Google Scholar
Wang, EE, Law, BJ, Stephens, D (1995) Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) prospective study of risk factors and outcomes in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. J Pediatr 126(2), 212–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Antao, B, Bishop, J, Shawis, R, Thomson, M (2007) Clinical application and diagnostic yield of wireless capsule endoscopy in children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 17(3), 364–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charron, M (2000) Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease imaged with Tc-99m white blood cells. Clin Nucl Med 25(9), 708–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darbari, A, Sena, L, Argani, Pet al. (2004) Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a useful radiological tool in diagnosing pediatric IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 10(2), 67–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubinsky, M (2008) Special issues in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 14(3), 413–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fine, JD, Johnson, LB, Weiner, M, Suchindran, C (2008) Gastrointestinal complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa: cumulative experience of the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 46(2), 147–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Slovis, TLCaffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging, 11th edn. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2007).Google Scholar
Thomson, M, Fritscher-Ravens, A, Mylonaki, Met al. (2007) Wireless capsule endoscopy in children: a study to assess diagnostic yield in small bowel disease in paediatric patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 44(2), 192–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Noorbehesht, B, Enzmann, DR, Sullender, W, Bradley, JS, Arvin, AM (1987) Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis: correlation of clinical and CT findings. Radiology 162(3), 813–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, DV, Holfels, EM, Vogel, NPet al. (1996) Resolution of intracranial calcifications in infants with treated congenital toxoplasmosis. Radiology 199(2), 433–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshimura, M, Tohyama, J, Maegaki, Yet al. (1996) [Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in congenital rubella syndrome]. No To Hattatsu 28(5), 385–90.Google Scholar
Baganz, MD, Dross, PE, Reinhardt, JA (1995) Rocky Mountain spotted fever encephalitis: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(Suppl. 4), 919–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Barkovich, AJPediatric Neuroimaging, 4th edn. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005).Google Scholar
Chen, CY, Chang, YC, Huang, CCet al. (2001) Acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children with enterovirus 71 infection: MR imaging findings and clinical correlates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22(1), 200–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Kim, TK, Chang, KH, Kim, CJet al. (1995) Intracranial tuberculoma: comparison of MR with pathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(9), 1903–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Kuker, W, Nagele, T, Schmidt, F, Heckl, S, Herrlinger, U (2004) Diffusion-weighted MRI in herpes simplex encephalitis: a report of three cases. Neuroradiology 46(2), 122–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, KY, Cho, WH, Kim, SH, Kim, HD, Kim, IO (2003) Acute encephalitis associated with measles: MRI features. Neuroradiology 45(2), 100–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silverstein, FS, Brunberg, JA (1995) Postvaricella basal ganglia infarction in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(3), 449–52.Google ScholarPubMed
Tuncay, R, Akman-Demir, G, Gokyigit, Aet al. (1996) MRI in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Neuroradiology 38(7), 636–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, RC, Burton, EM, Barrett, FFet al. (1991) Intracranial tuberculosis in children: CT appearance and clinical outcome. Pediatr Radiol 21(4), 241–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilke, M, Eiffert, H, Christen, HJ, Hanefeld, F (2000) Primarily chronic and cerebrovascular course of Lyme neuroborreliosis: case reports and literature review. Arch Dis Child 83(1), 67–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckley, AR, Moss, EH, Blokmanis, A (1994) Diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess: value of intraoral sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 162(4), 961–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derkay, CS, Wiatrak, B (2008) Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a review. Laryngoscope 118(7), 1236–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, LFPediatric Imaging: The Fundamentals (Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009).Google Scholar
Marom, EM, Goodman, PC, McAdams, HP (2001) Diffuse abnormalities of the trachea and main bronchi. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176(3), 713–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marra, S, Hotaling, AJ (1996) Deep neck infections. Am J Otolaryngol 17(5), 287–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miziara, ID, Koishi, HU, Zonato, AIet al. (2001) The use of ultrasound evaluation in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 122(3), 201–3.Google Scholar
Prince, JS, Duhamel, DR, Levin, DL, Harrell, JH, Friedman, PJ (2002) Nonneoplastic lesions of the tracheobronchial wall: radiologic findings with bronchoscopic correlation. Radiographics 22(Spec. No.), S215–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, PM, Loftus, WK, Kew, Jet al. (1999) Diagnosis of peritonsillar infections: a prospective study of ultrasound, computerized tomography and clinical diagnosis. J Laryngol Otol 113(3), 229–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slovis, TLCaffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging, 11th edn. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2007).Google Scholar
Stroud, RH, Friedman, NR (2001) An update on inflammatory disorders of the pediatric airway: epiglottitis, croup, and tracheitis. Am J Otolaryngol 22(4), 268–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andronikou, S, Wieselthaler, N (2004) Modern imaging of tuberculosis in children: thoracic, central nervous system and abdominal tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 34(11), 861–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aquino, SL, Kee, ST, Warnock, ML, Gamsu, G (1994) Pulmonary aspergillosis: imaging findings with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 163(4), 811–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, LF (1999) Maximizing the usefulness of imaging in children with community-acquired pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172(2), 505–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, LFPediatric Imaging: The Fundamentals (Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009).Google Scholar
Fjaerli, HO, Farstad, T, Rod, Get al. (2005) Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County, Norway. BMC Pediatr 5, 31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glezen, WP, Paredes, A, Allison, JE, Taber, LH, Frank, AL (1981) Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level. J Pediatr 98(5), 708–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopinath, A, Strigun, D, Banyopadhyay, T (2005) Swyer-James syndrome. Conn Med 69(6), 325–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Jaffe, A, Calder, AD, Owens, CM, Stanojevic, S, Sonnappa, S (2008) Role of routine computed tomography in paediatric pleural empyema. Thorax 63(10), 897–902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ostapchuk, M, Roberts, DM, Haddy, R (2004) Community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children. Am Fam Physician 70(5), 899–908.Google ScholarPubMed
Riccabona, M (2008) Ultrasound of the chest in children (mediastinum excluded). Eur Radiol 18(2), 390–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, M, Coley, BPediatric Imaging, 1st edn. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006).Google Scholar
Slovis, TLCaffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging, 11th edn. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2007).Google Scholar
Wang, EE, Law, BJ, Stephens, D (1995) Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) prospective study of risk factors and outcomes in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. J Pediatr 126(2), 212–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alison, M, Kheniche, A, Azoulay, Ret al. (2007) Ultrasonography of Crohn disease in children. Pediatr Radiol 37(11), 1071–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antao, B, Bishop, J, Shawis, R, Thomson, M (2007) Clinical application and diagnostic yield of wireless capsule endoscopy in children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 17(3), 364–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charron, M (2000) Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease imaged with Tc-99m white blood cells. Clin Nucl Med 25(9), 708–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darbari, A, Sena, L, Argani, Pet al. (2004) Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a useful radiological tool in diagnosing pediatric IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 10(2), 67–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubinsky, M (2008) Special issues in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 14(3), 413–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fine, JD, Johnson, LB, Weiner, M, Suchindran, C (2008) Gastrointestinal complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa: cumulative experience of the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 46(2), 147–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleenor, JT, Hoffman, TM, Bush, DMet al. (2002) Pneumatosis intestinalis after pediatric thoracic organ transplantation. Pediatrics 109(5), E78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grahnquist, L, Chapman, SC, Hvidsten, S, Murphy, MS (2003) Evaluation of 99mTc-HMPAO leukocyte scintigraphy in the investigation of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr 143(1), 48–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kato, S, Sherman, PM (2005) What is new related to Helicobacter pylori infection in children and teenagers?Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 159(5), 415–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mann, EH (2008) Inflammatory bowel disease: imaging of the pediatric patient. Semin Roentgenol 43(1), 29–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Narla, LD, Hingsbergen, EA, Jones, JE (1999) Adult diseases in children. Pediatr Radiol 29(4), 244–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pena, BM, Taylor, GA, Fishman, SJ, Mandl, KD (2000) Costs and effectiveness of ultrasonography and limited computed tomography for diagnosing appendicitis in children. Pediatrics 106(4), 672–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosendahl, K, Aukland, SM, Fosse, K (2004) Imaging strategies in children with suspected appendicitis. Eur Radiol 14(Suppl. 4), L138–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sivit, CJ (2004) Imaging the child with right lower quadrant pain and suspected appendicitis: current concepts. Pediatr Radiol 34(6), 447–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slovis, TLCaffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging, 11th edn. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2007).Google Scholar
Thomson, M, Fritscher-Ravens, A, Mylonaki, Met al. (2007) Wireless capsule endoscopy in children: a study to assess diagnostic yield in small bowel disease in paediatric patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 44(2), 192–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tishler, JM, Han, SY, Helman, CA (1983) Esophageal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. AJR Am J Roentgenol 141(6), 1283–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toma, P, Granata, C, Magnano, G, Barabino, A (2007) CT and MRI of paediatric Crohn disease. Pediatr Radiol 37(11), 1083–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, JW, Chen, SJ, Chin, TWet al. (2004) Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis treated by partial nephrectomy. Pediatr Nephrol 19(10), 1164–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dacher, JN, Pfister, C, Monroc, M, Eurin, D, LeDosseur, P (1996) Power Doppler sonographic pattern of acute pyelonephritis in children: comparison with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 166(6), 1451–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeMuri, GP, Wald, ER (2008) Imaging and antimicrobial prophylaxis following the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27(6), 553–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doehring, E (1988) Schistosomiasis in childhood. Eur J Pediatr 147(1), 2–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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