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8 - Majority tyranny

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Shmuel Nitzan
Affiliation:
Bar-Ilan University, Israel
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Summary

Social choice functions which satisfy Condorcet's criterion (see Section 4.2 and Section 7.2) are vulnerable to the problem of majority decisiveness: If a certain alternative is the most preferred alternative of more than 50% of the individuals (voters), then that alternative is always chosen by society, regardless of the preferences of the minority and, in particular, the intensity of its preferences. This problem can be resolved by increasing the required simple majority to a special or supra majority q, q > ½, or by augmenting the simple majority rule with constitutional constraints that protect the minority. The former solution is not satisfied with Condorcet's criterion and, in attempting to protect the minority, it insists that the choice function satisfies a stricter, more demanding, criterion; the chosen alternative should secure the support of a special majority in confrontation with any other alternative. The second solution attempts to protect the minority in an extreme way by preventing the choice of certain alternatives that violate the basic rights of the minority (alternatives that are considered unlawful). While the former solution discriminates among alternatives by creating a bias in favor of one of the alternatives, usually the status quo, the latter solution discriminates against individuals by creating a bias in favor of the minority. The first objective of this chapter is to clarify how the problem of majority decisiveness can be resolved or ameliorated by using scoring rules: unbiased voting rules which allow some restricted expression of preference intensities.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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  • Majority tyranny
  • Shmuel Nitzan, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
  • Book: Collective Preference and Choice
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803871.009
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  • Majority tyranny
  • Shmuel Nitzan, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
  • Book: Collective Preference and Choice
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803871.009
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Majority tyranny
  • Shmuel Nitzan, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
  • Book: Collective Preference and Choice
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803871.009
Available formats
×