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13 - A warmer welcome? Access for natural persons under PTAs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

By
Antonia Carzaniga
Edited by
Juan A. Marchetti  and
Martin Roy
Antonia Carzaniga
Affiliation:
WTO Secretariat
Juan A. Marchetti
Affiliation:
World Trade Organization
Martin Roy
Affiliation:
World Trade Organization
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Summary

In comparison to the other three modes of supplying services under the GATS, few market opening commitments have been undertaken by WTO members with respect to the movement of natural persons – mode 4 – as a result of the Uruguay Round and subsequent extended negotiations. This begs the question: have WTO members been more forthcoming in their PTAs?

This chapter aims at providing an answer. It first briefly discusses issues related to the definition and measurement of mode 4. Second, it summarizes the overall level of mode 4 liberalization currently granted by WTO members in their GATS commitments and provides an overview of the improvements found in members' initial and revised offers. This sets the general background against which market access granted for mode 4 in recent PTAs is assessed, in the third section. A final section attempts to draw some conclusions.

What we know about the supply of services through the movement of natural persons

What does mode 4 encompass?

This section examines the scope of mode 4 under the GATS. Though somewhat technical, the exercise is rendered necessary in order to fully understand the precise coverage of mode 4, and in light of the structure that will be adopted in the examination of mode 4 concessions in PTAs.

Type
Chapter
Information
Opening Markets for Trade in Services
Countries and Sectors in Bilateral and WTO Negotiations
 , pp. 475 - 502
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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References

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