Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-25T17:58:00.713Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Measurements, Estimation, and Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2013

Henry C. Lim  and
Hwa Sung Shin
Henry C. Lim
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Hwa Sung Shin
Affiliation:
Inha University, Seoul
Get access

Summary

To optimize bioreactor operations and to operate them effectively, it is essential to be able to monitor and control the bioreactor operating conditions. It is most desirable to have reliable in situ, on-line sensors and measurement devices that can supply measurements of various variables and parameters without a significant time delay so that the information provided by these devices can be used to implement optimization strategies to improve the productivity and efficiency of processes. These devices can be broadly classified as in situ, on-line, and off-line.

This on-line data acquisition would allow on-line optimization and control of bioreactors. For the purposes of process optimization and control, it is desirable to have reliable in situ sensors with a short response time, and because they come into direct contact with the culture medium, they must withstand the sterilization process. When it is not possible to sterilize the sensors, on-line measurement via sampling of the culture medium or culture gas stream can be utilized. Thus, shorter sampling lines that can maintain sterility are required for the liquid and gas sample lines.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fed-Batch Cultures
Principles and Applications of Semi-Batch Bioreactors
 , pp. 407 - 436
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blakebrough, N., McManamey, W. J., and Tart, K. R. 1978. Rheological measurements on Aspergillus niger fermentation systems. Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 28: 453–461.Google Scholar
Perley, C. R., Swartz, J. R., and Cooney, C. L. 1979. Measurements of cell concentration with a continuous viscosimeter. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21: 519–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, G., and Werner, U. 1981. Measurements of viscosity of suspensions in different viscosimeter flows and stirring systems. German Chemical Engineering 4: 226–241.Google Scholar
Kemblowski, Z., Kristiansen, B., and Alayi, O. 1985. On-line rheometer for fermentation liquids. Biotechnology Letters 7: 803–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C., and Lim, H. 1980. New device for continuously monitoring the optical density of concentrated microbial cultures. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22: 639–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monitek, Mösenbroicher Weg 200, D-2000 Düsseldorf 30, Germany.
Aquasant Measuring Technique Ltd, Hauptstrasse 22/4416 Bubendorf Switzerland.
Lee, Y. T., and Tsao, G. T. 1979. Dissolved oxygen electrodes. Advances in Biochemical Engineering 13: 35–86.Google Scholar
Nestaas, E., and Wang, D. I. C. 1981. A new sensor, the “filtration probe,” for quantitative characterization of the penicillin fermentation. I. Mycelial morphology and culture activity. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23: 2803–2813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nestaas, E., and Wang, D. I. C. 1981. A new sensor, the “filtration probe,” for quantitative characterization of the penicillin fermentation. II. The monitor of mycelial growth. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23: 2815–2824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nestaas, E., and Wang, D. I. C. 1983. A new sensor, the “filtration probe,” for quantitative characterization of the penicillin fermentation. III. An automatically operating probe. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25: 1981–1987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, D. C., Chittur, Y. K., Cagney, J. W., and Lim, H. C. 1985. On-line estimation of mycelial cell mass with a computer interfaced filtration probe. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27: 729–742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reuss, M., Boelcke, C., Lenz, R., and Peckmann, U. 1987. A new automatic sampling device for determination of filtration characteristics of biosuspensions and coupling of analyzers with industrial fermentation processes. BTF-Biotech-Forum 4: 2–12.Google Scholar
Hitchman, M. L. 1978. Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen. John Wiley.Google Scholar
Van Hemert, P., Kilburn, D. D., Righelato, R. C., and Van Wezei, A. L. 1969. A steam-sterilizable electrode of galvanic type for the measurement of dissolved oxygen. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11: 549–560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aiba, S., Nagai, S., and Nishizawa, Y. 1976. Fed batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A perspective of computer control to enhance the productivity in baker's yeast cultivation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18: 1001–1016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, H. Y., Cooney, C. L., and Wang, D. I. C. 1977. Computer-aided baker's yeast fermentations. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19: 69–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, H. Y., Cooney, C. L., and Wang, D. I. C. 1979. Computer control of bakers’ yeast production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21: 975–995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetcott, C. C. 1978. pH Measurements. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Dahod, S. K. 1982. Redox potential as a better substitute for dissolved oxygen in fermentation process control. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24: 2123–2125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kjaergaard, L. 1977. The redox potential: Its use and control in biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering 7: 131–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akashi, K., Ikeda, S., Shibai, H., Kobayashi, K., and Hirose, Y. 1978. Determination of redox potential levels critical for cell respiration and suitable for L-leucine production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20: 27–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radjai, M. K., Hatch, R. T., and Cadman, T. W. 1984. Optimization of amino acid production by automatic self-tuning digital control by redox potential. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14: 657–679.Google Scholar
Thompson, B. G., and Gerson, D. F. 1985. Electrochemical control of redox potential in batch cultures of Escherichia coli. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27: 1512–1515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiechter, A., Meiners, H., and Sukatsch, D. S. 1982. Biologische regulation und prozeßführung in handbuch der biotechnologie, ed. Präve, P., et al., p. 173. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Yellow Springs Instruments International, Yellow Springs, Ohio.
Bradley, J., Anderson, P. A., Dear, A. M., Ashby, R. E., and Turner, A. P. F. 1988. Glucose biosensors for the study and control of bakers compressed yeast production. Fourth International Conference on Computer Applications in Fermentation, Cambridge, MA. Sept. 25–29.
Electrode with Interchangeable Enzyme GLUC1. 1988. Taccusel.
Hakuma, M., Obana, H., Yasuda, T., Karube, I., and Suzuki, S. 1980. Amperometric determination of total assimilable sugars in fermentation broths with use of immobilized whole cells. Enzyme Microbial Technology 2: 234–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tran, M. D., Romette, J. L., and Thomas, D. 1983. An enzyme electrode for specific determination of L-lysine: A real-time control sensor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25: 329–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamauchi, H., Kusakabe, H., Midorikawa, Y., Fujishima, T., and Kuninaka, A. 1984. Enzyme electrode for specific determination of L-glutamate. Third European Congress on Biotechnology, Munich, Germany. Sept. 10–14.
Wollenburger, U., Scheller, F. W., Bömer, A., Passarge, M., and Müller, H. G. 1989. A specific enzyme electrode for L-glutamate development and applications. Biosensors 4: 381–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fatibello-Filho, O., Suleiman, A., and Guilbaut, G. 1989. Enzyme electrode for the determination of aspartate. Biosensors 4: 313–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renneberg, R., Riedel, K., and Scheller, F. 1985. Microbial sensor for aspartame. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology 21: 180–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mascini, M., Mosocne, D., Palleschi, G., and Pilloton, R. 1988. In-line determination of metabolites and milk components with electrochemical biosensors. Analytica Chimica Acta 213: 101–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Se'chaud, F., Penguin, S., Coulet, P., and Bardeletti, G. 1989. Fast and reliable organic acid determination in fermented milk using an enzyme-electrode based analyzer. Process Biochemistry 33: 33–38.Google Scholar
Microzym, L, Sétric Génie Industriel, Toulouse, France.
Karube, I., Tamiya, E., Sode, K., Yokoyama, K., Kitakawa, Y., Suzuki, H., and Asano, Y. 1988. Application of microbiological sensors in fermentation process. Analytica Chimica Acta 213: 69–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsunaga, T., Karube, I., and Suzuki, S. 1980. A specific microbial sensor for formic acid. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 10: 235–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enfors, S. O., and Nilsson, H. 1979. Design and response characteristics of an enzyme electrode for measurement of penicillin in fermentation broth. Enzyme Microbial Technology 1: 260–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, K., Seijo, H., Watanabe, T., Kaube, I., Satoh, I., and Suzuki, S. 1979. Immobilized whole cell-based flow-type sensor for cephalosporins. Analytica Chimica Acta 105: 429–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karube, I. 1986. Microbial sensors for process and environmental control. ACS Symposium Series, Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Sensors 309: 330–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pons, M. N. 1991. Measurements of Biological Variables in Bioprocess Monitoring and Control, ed. Pons, M. N.Hanser.Google Scholar
Meschner, K. 1984. An automated nephelometric system for evaluation of the growth of bacterial cultures. Analytica Chimica Acta 163: 85–90.Google Scholar
Cox, R. P., Miller, M., Nielson, M., and Thomsen, J. K. 1989. Continuous turbidimetric measurements of microbial cell density in bioreactors using a light emitting diode and a photodiode. Journal of Microbiological Methods 10: 25–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ensari, S., and Lim, H. C. 2003. Apparent effects of operational variables on continuous culture of Corynebacteriun lactofermentum. Process Biochemistry 38: 1531–1538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinzle, E., and Dunn, I. J. 1991. Methods and instruments in fermentation gas analysis. Biotechnology 4: 30–74.Google Scholar
Moo-Young, M., and Blanch, H. W. 1981. Design of biochemical reactors: Mass transfer criteria for simple and complex systems. Advances in Biochemical Engineering 19: 1–69.Google Scholar
Cooney, C. L., Wang, H. Y., and Wang, D. I. C. 1977. Computer-aided material balancing for prediction of fermentation parameters. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19: 55–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, H. Y., Cooney, C. L., and Wang, D. I. C. 1977. Computer-aided baker's yeast fermentations. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19: 69–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Constantinides, A., and Shao, P. 1981. Material balancing applied to the prediction of glutamic acid production and cell mass formation. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 369: 167–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swartz, J. R., and Cooney, C. L. 1979. Indirect fermentation measurements as a basis for control. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium 9: 95–101.Google Scholar
Wang, H. Y., Cooney, C. L., and Wang, D. I. C. 1977. Computer-aided baker's yeast fermentations. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19: 69–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalman, R. E. 1960. A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Journal of Basic Engineering 82: 35–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seinfeld, J. H., Gavalas, G. R., and Hwang, M. 1969. Control of nonlinear stochastic systems. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 8: 257–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seinfeld, J. H. 1970. Optimal stochastic control of nonlinear systems. American Institute of Chemical Engineering Journal 16: 1016–1022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J. H., Lim, H. C., and Hong, J. 1997. Application of nonsingular transformation to on-line optimal control of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate fermentation. Journal of Biotechnology 55: 135–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J. H., Lee, Y. W., and Yoo, Y. J. 1992. A simulation study of two-stage fed-batch culture for optimization and control of PHB production. Korean Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 20: 668–676.Google Scholar
Stephanopoulos, G. 1984. Chemical Process Control: Introduction to Theory and Practice. PTR Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Ziegler, J. G., and Nichols, N. B. 1942. Optimum settings for automatic controllers. Transactions of the ASME 64: 759–768.Google Scholar
Perry, R. H., and Green, D., eds. 1984. Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. H., and Coon, G. A. 1953. Theoretical consideration of related control. Transactions of the ASME 75: 827–834.Google Scholar
Astrom, K. J., and Wittenmark, B. 1988. Adaptive Control Systems. Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Chang, Y. K., and Lim, H. C. 1990. Fast inferential adaptive optimization of continuous yeast culture based on carbon dioxide evolution rate. Bioengineering and Biotechnology 3: 8–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modak, J. M., and Lim, H. C. 1987. Feedback optimization of fed-batch fermentation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30: 518–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×