7 results
Insomnia and depression as risk factors for dementia. A scoping review
- I. Duran-Cristobal, A. Noguero-Alegre, A. M. Matas-Ochoa, S. Rubio-Corgo, F. J. Gomez-Beteta
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S80
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
One of the most important functions of sleep may be the promotion of brain development. The non-REM and REM sleep sequences show the succession of cerebral processing phenomena that underlie memory consolidation. The negative consequences of sleep loss on neural and behavioral plasticity has been examined. On the other hand, sleep disruption can be a crucial symptom to develop depression disorders. Recent literature suggests that maintenance insomnia may be a risk factor for dementia. It would be important to elucidate which factors may increase the risk of developing dementia and aggravating its progression.
ObjectivesThe aim of this scoping review is to point out the increased risk of developing dementia related to insomnia and depression.
MethodsRelevant literature was searched with PUBMED as electronic database. We used and combined the following MeSH terms: depression, insomnia, cognitive impairment and dementia. We chose sixteen recent studies from 2009 to 2021. Four of them were ruled out because the methodology and conclusions were not enough evident.
ResultsWe underlined an interesting research which was carried out with Chinese population in 2021. A total of 256 patients with insomnia disorder were diagnosed by neurologists, 45 of whom were diagnosed with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 45 participants with intact cognition were chosen as controls matched for age and education. A case-control study was conducted to compare sleep structure between aMCI and control patients with insomnia disorder. An American prospective research in 2016 founded a statistically significant association with a higher MCI/dementia risk in women with either short (≤6 hours/night) or long (≥8 hours/night) sleep duration (vs.7 hours/night). The relationships between depression, cognitive function, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and volumetric MRI measurements in older adults were investigated. A total of 4352 individuals aged 65 years or older (mean age 72 years) participated in this Japanese study.
ConclusionsAccording to these researches, we emphasize the importance of detecting sleep disturbances as potential risk factors for MCI and dementia. All of them provide evidences that future studies should investigate dementia prevention among elderly individuals through the management of insomnia. At that point we have to consider personalized medicine and machine learning techniques for sleep and cognitive or mood symptoms.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Chronic disease (CD) during transition from child to adult.Psychopathological consequences and coping strategies
- S. Rubio Corgo, M. Arrieta Pey, A. M. Matas Ochoa, M. I. Duran Cristobal, E. Perez Vicente, A. Delgado Campos, C. Diaz Gordillo, A. C. Castro Ibañez, A. Alvarez Astorga, P. Alcindor Huelva
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S745
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
CD is characterized by at least three features: its duration is prolonged, it does not resolve spontaneously and it is rarely completely cured. Approximately 10-15% of young people have CD. Adolescents with CD often have emotional and behavioral problems.
ObjectivesTo assess risk factors, derived psychiatric pathologies and coping strategies for a CD diagnosis in adolescence.
MethodsAn extensive literature review was carried out on the subject in question, extracting information mainly from scientific articles, manuals and books.
ResultsThe main risk factors are those related with the CD in question, physical sequelae, the need for long-term hospital admissions or the use of drugs whose side effects include affective or behavioral symptoms; those related to the personality traits of the affected child or adolescent. In addition, as far as the family is concerned, the presence of a low level of education, lack of support or communication, as well as the presence of psychiatric disorders or serious medical conditions in parents. Among the most frequent psychiatric disorders associated with CD are affective and anxiety disorders, adaptive disorders, somatoform disorders, eating disorders and behavioral disorders. Whatever the CD is, it generates high levels of stress and uncertainty in the patient and family, which must be dealt together from a flexible perspective, allowing child or adolescent to adapt to the changes, reorganize and facing them with adaptive patterns of behavior. For this, it will be essential to have adequate social and family support with relational style based on communication, trust and acceptance.
ConclusionsIn general, both adolescents with CD and their families have an adequate capacity to adapt to the repercussions and effects derived from the disease. Nevertheless, in case of possible emotional difficulties that may appear, a comprehensive and individualized approach to these adolescents and their families is necessary to provide them resources and coping strategies in different areas and contexts in which the disease debuts.The comprehensive therapeutic approach will consist of interventions at the individual and family level. Among the main objectives of these interventions are to achieve acceptance and adaptation to CD provinding adequate psychosocial support to enable them to cope with CD in the best possible way and to detect and address the emotional implications, even coexisting psychopathology.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Metaverse and mental health, what about the future?
- A. M. Matas Ochoa, S. Rubio Corgo, I. Durán Cristóbal
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S555
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
The metaverse is a digital world created using different technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cryptocurrency and the internet.
Interest in the metaverse has grown in recent months in different fields and it could have potential application in the treatment of mental health disorders.
ObjectivesTo gain a better understanding of metaverse and to explore its possible applications on mental health.
MethodsReview of recent literature about the implications of the metaverse users in mental health.
ResultsMetaverse is a virtual universe where people can interact with other users, objects, and environments personifying an avatar. VR, AR and mixed reality (MR) have been used in the treatment and diagnosis of various mental health disorders for last years.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, anxiety, phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder have been already benefited from VR. Also, there are results to treat persecutory delusions in psychosis. On the other hand, we know that to spend a significant amount of time playing 3D immersive games and using social media, could lead to insecurity, anxiety, depression and behavioural addiction.
The lack of evidence and these risks could be limitations to implement Metaverse for the therapeutic management of mental health.
Many companies have already started to develop virtual mental health clinics with mental health professionals serving patients in real time, some spaces have already offer group therapy sessions. Other immersive spaces have also been created for practising mindfulness, meditation, or yoga.
ConclusionsThe new technologys have changed the way that we socialise, work, and interact, even the way that we receive medical treatment. The metaverse could prove useful in the management of the mental health disorders that have already benefited from VR, but at the same time we could potentially lead to the worsening of others.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome: a review
- A.M. Matas Ochoa, R. Martinez De Velasco, S. Bravo Herrero, I. Moreno Alonso
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S477
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic localized pain condition that can have a significant impact on the quality of life. It affects children and adolescents as well as adults, but is more common among adolescent girls.
ObjectivesTo present up-to-date clinical information regarding CRPS in pediatric population.
MethodsA review of recent literature.
ResultsIn contrast to adults, CRPS appears after an initial event that is typically a minor trauma and occurs more frequently in the lower extremity than in the upper extremity. This syndrome is characterized by spontaneous or stimuli-induced pain, which is disproportionate to the actual incident trauma/stimulus, in the presence of a wide variety of autonomic and motor disturbances. The exact mechanism of CRPS is unknown, although several different mechanisms have been suggested. In many cases, CRPS follows a relatively minor trauma, in some cases, no previous injury was recalled and there are psychological factors implicated. It has been found a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with CRPS and it is considered stress has an important role in inducing or perpetuating CRPS. Standard care consists of a multidisciplinary approach with the implementation of intensive physical therapy in conjunction with psychological counseling; in some patients, pharmacological treatments may help to reduce pain.
ConclusionsA multidisciplinary approach with psychological and psychiatric counseling are needed for effective management of CRPS. Further research in targeting specific mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CRPS should lead to prevention of this condition.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Building bridges between body and mind: liaison psychiatry
- S. Bravo Herrero, I. Moreno Alonso, M.J. Sánchez Artero, A.M. Matas Ochoa
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S472-S473
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
As liaison psychiatrists, it is very important to mantein a good relationship with other medical specialties in order to obtain the best result for our patients. Most of the times, the somatic process affects direct or indirectly to mental healt and vice versa, so our cooperation is extremely important for the patient’s welbeing.
ObjectivesWith this study we try to find special considerations and necesities of every specialty that count on us in our hospital. We have design this batebase with the aim of discovering which are the main problems that suffer the admitted patients, which doubts face our colleagues when evaluate mental health patients, etc. Thus, our team could help other physicians properly or so we could stablish a proper liaison in order to make things easier.
MethodsA database has been created with all the patients evaluated by our liaison psychiatry team during half a year. We have taken into account sex, age, referral specialist, mental health diagnosis (after our evaluation), previous mental health follow-up, if they are on psycopharmacology treatment, if they requiere psycopharmacology treatment and if they requiere follow-up once discharged.
Results22,9% were kid/adolescent patients. 25,8% were elderly people (>70 yo). 47% were men (of which, 6% were trans men), 53% were women. 22,9% suffered from adjustment disorder, 14,1% had no acute mental health problem, 11,76% presented substance abuse. Main petitions were made from Internal Medicine (30%)
ConclusionsWith this information we can explore other specialists’ and admitted patients’ needs and concerns and focus our effort in solving them.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Gut microbiota and its implications for psychiatry
- A. Matas Ochoa, A. Rodriguez Quiroga, R. Martinez De Velasco, P. Nava Garcia, C. Banzo Arguis, I. Moreno Alonso
-
- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, p. S471
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
In recent years there has been increasing interest in knowing the function of the microbiota, especially its role in the gut-brain axis. The microbiota is the set of millions of microorganisms that coexist in a symbiotic way in our body and are located in the digestive tract mainly. Numerous evidences show that the microbiota could modulate the information directed to the brain and therefore the pathogenic basis of numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders.
ObjectivesA better understanding of the microbiota and its interaction with the brain and mental health.
MethodsReview of recent literature about the implications of the gut microbiota in psychiatry.
ResultsThe connection between the microbiota and the central nervous system (gut-brain axis) occurs through the vagus nerve, the systemic pathway (through the release of hormones, metabolites and neurotransmitters) and the immune system (through the action of cytokines). Changes in the microbiota are associated not only with gastrointestinal diseases, but also with disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, anorexia, attention deficit and hyperactivity, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. As some research indicates, changes in diet and composition of the microbiota can reduce the risk of suffering these diseases or reduce their symptoms. Other therapeutic alternatives postulated are the use of probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation.
ConclusionsDespite growing interest in the microbiota in the last few years, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this communication. More research is expected to contribute to the design of strategies that modulate the gut microbiota and its functions in order to improve mental health.
Can metacognitive interventions improve insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo, Olesya Ajnakina, Adela Sánchez-Escribano Martínez, Paula-Jhoana Escobedo-Aedo, Verónica González Ruiz-Ruano, Sergio Sánchez-Alonso, Laura Mata-Iturralde, Laura Muñoz-Lorenzo, Susana Ochoa, Enrique Baca-García, Anthony S David
-
- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 50 / Issue 14 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 October 2020, pp. 2289-2301
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Background
Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) tend to lack insight, which is linked to poor outcomes. The effect size of previous treatments on insight changes in SSD has been small. Metacognitive interventions may improve insight in SSD, although this remains unproved.
MethodsWe carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effects of metacognitive interventions designed for SSD, namely Metacognitive Training (MCT) and Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), on changes in cognitive and clinical insight at post-treatment and at follow-up.
ResultsTwelve RCTs, including 10 MCT RCTs (n = 717 participants) and two MERIT trials (n = 90), were selected, totalling N = 807 participants. Regarding cognitive insight six RCTs (n = 443) highlighted a medium effect of MCT on self-reflectiveness at post-treatment, d = 0.46, p < 0.01, and at follow-up, d = 0.30, p < 0.01. There was a small effect of MCT on self-certainty at post-treatment, d = −0.23, p = 0.03, but not at follow-up. MCT was superior to controls on an overall Composite Index of cognitive insight at post-treatment, d = 1.11, p < 0.01, and at follow-up, d = 0.86, p = 0.03, although we found evidence of heterogeneity. Of five MCT trials on clinical insight (n = 244 participants), which could not be meta-analysed, four of them favoured MCT compared v. control. The two MERIT trials reported conflicting results.
ConclusionsMetacognitive interventions, particularly Metacognitive Training, appear to improve insight in patients with SSD, especially cognitive insight shortly after treatment. Further long-term RCTs are needed to establish whether these metacognitive interventions-related insight changes are sustained over a longer time period and result in better outcomes.