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Evaluation of cognitive functions, emotional disturbances and acceptance of the disease in patients with cardiovascular disorders and type D personality
- M. Piegza, L. Kunert, P. Dębski, K. Podkowska – Kurpas, A. Szczecina, A. Leksowska, J. Piegza, P. Gorczyca
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S397-S398
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- Article
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- You have access Access
- Open access
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Introduction
The majority of people with cardiovascular disorder meets the criteria of type D personality. Its prevalence, however, favours experiencing negative emotions and avoiding social connections [Kupper et al. Int J Cardiol. 2013;166(2) 327-33]. Cardiovascular disorders’ steady morbidity growth entitles to search for the factors, which have an impact on functioning, acceptance of the disorder and obeying doctor’s orders among patients with this diagnosis [Leu et al. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019;118(3) 721-729]. One of the factors, which largely determines mental efficiency, except for anxiety and depression symptoms, is cognitive functioning [Burkauskas et al. Cogn Behav Neurol.2016;29(2)91-9, Schiffer et al. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10(8) 802-10].
ObjectivesEvaluation of cognitive functioning, acceptance of the disorder, intensifying of anxiety and depression symptoms among people who suffer from cardiovascular diseases with type D personality and seeking for relationships between those parameters.
Methods102 people took part in the study, including 63 men and 39 women, the average age amounting to 65,471 (SD±10,567). Patients were divided according to the presence of type D personality, gender and cardiological diagnoses. The DS-14 scale was used to assess the type D personality, the HADS scale to assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and also the AIS scale to assess the acceptance of the disease and MoCA 7.2 scale for cognitive functions. The original questionnaire was used to collect the necessary sociodemographic data, data on the type and course of the main disease, comorbidities and medications taken.
ResultsAbout 37% of respondents meet the criteria of type D personality. The AIS scores correlate negatively with age, disease duration, and with both components of the DS-14 scale (negative emotions-Ne and social inhibition-Hs). Both DS-14 subscales correlate positively with HADS-A and HADS-D, and the DS-14 (Ne) subscale is also positively associated with age. The results of the MoCA scale negatively correlate with age and duration of the disease. People without personality traits of type D have higher AIS scores, lower HADS-A (fig.1) and HADS-D scores (fig.2), and higher MoCA scores (fig.3) than those with type D personality. There were no differences between patients with ischemic heart disease and patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure. In the subscale of social inhibition DS-14 (Hs), women obtained a higher result.
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Conclusions1. People with D personality are more difficult to accept their illness, they are characterized by a higher level of depression and anxiety, and weaker cognitive functions.
2. Women are characterized by stronger social inhibition.
3. Younger people with a shorter medical history accept the disease more easily.
4. Heart failure is not a factor differentiating the studied group of patients.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
11 - User Experience and Qualitative Data
- Amy Stubbing
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- Book:
- Data-Driven Decisions
- Published by:
- Facet
- Published online:
- 04 August 2022
- Print publication:
- 28 April 2022, pp 107-126
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Summary
Introduction
In this chapter we will explore a key tool in data-driven decisions: user experience. Over the next few pages we will learn about:
• UX research and how it can help you
• UX techniques and which best help in answering your questions
• recruiting participants and ensuring your research is conducted ethically
• analysing data
• deciding what to do with your data
• things I wish I knew before I started my first UX project!
What is UX?
As you may have guessed, UX is just the abbreviation of user experience. We pronounce it as ‘yoo – aex’. But what is UX? ‘User experience’ is simply how someone feels about using a product or service (Schmidt and Etches, 2014, 1). In our case – how our library users feel about the services provided by our library.
UX has its roots in ethnography as its methods (such as observations, interviews or cognitive mapping) are used by ethnographers, anthropologists and many other specialists in related disciplines. It is especially prominent in web and applications design, unsurprisingly because big companies such as Facebook or Google want their apps to be as innovative, tempting and attractive to their users as possible.
In the SCONUL report Mapping the Future of Academic Libraries, UX was recognised as the fifth critically important library skill next to strategic and relationship management, and understanding the research process and negotiations (Pinfield, Cox and Rutter, 2017, 44). Wherever there is a product or service, there are clients and users too, and the goal is to make the products or services useful and attractive, so users will want it and will come back for more. Needless to say, it is worth investing your time to learn about it!
The four stages of UX
The UX research and design process should ideally have four stages:
• Discover: plan and conduct research.
• Define the data analysis and generate ideas.
• Develop ideas into actions and develop a pilot or prototype of a serviceor a product.
• Deliver: launch the final version of the product or service (Priestner,2020, 3).
Undertaking UX research in a library
We all want our libraries to be the best they can be, and to be functional, with satisfied, frequently visiting users, but as with other data gathering processes discussed in this book – for UX you need to have a good think and identify what you want to find out.