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Exploring the associations between neighbourhood food environment, household food insecurity and child weight-related outcomes in socio-economically and racially/ethnically diverse families
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- Sarthak Agarwal, Angela R Fertig, Amanda C Trofholz, Allan D Tate, Jenna Robinson, Jerica M Berge
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 25 / Issue 12 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 October 2022, pp. 3538-3547
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Objective:
To examine associations among neighbourhood food environments (NFE), household food insecurity (HFI) and child’s weight-related outcomes in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of US-born and immigrant/refugee families.
Design:This cross-sectional, observational study involving individual and geographic-level data used multilevel models to estimate associations between neighbourhood food environment and child outcomes. Interactions between HFI and NFE were employed to determine whether HFI moderated the association between NFE and child outcomes and whether the associations differed for US-born v. immigrant/refugee groups.
Setting:The sample resided in 367 census tracts in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area, and the data were collected in 2016–2019.
Participants:The sample was from the Family Matters study of families (n 1296) with children from six racial/ethnic and immigrant/refugee groups (African American, Latino, Hmong, Native American, Somali/Ethiopian and White).
Results:Living in a neighbourhood with low perceived access to affordable fresh fruits and vegetables was found to be associated with lower food security (P < 0·01), poorer child diet quality (P < 0·01) and reduced availability of a variety of fruits (P < 0·01), vegetables (P < 0·05) and whole grains in the home (P < 0·01). Moreover, residing in a food desert was found to be associated with a higher child BMI percentile if the child’s household was food insecure (P < 0·05). No differences in associations were found for immigrant/refugee groups.
Conclusions:Poor NFE were associated with worse weight-related outcomes for children; the association with weight was more pronounced among children with HFI. Interventions aiming to improve child weight-related outcomes should consider both NFE and HFI.
Contributors
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
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- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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The symmetric state of a rotating fluid differentially heated in the horizonal
- Allan R. Robinson
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 6 / Issue 4 / November 1959
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2006, pp. 599-620
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The motion of a fluid inside a rotating annulus of square cross-section, whose dimensions are small compared with the distance from the axis of rotation, is considered. The rigid side walls are held at different constant temperatures and the fluid motions that occur are strongly influenced by Coriolis accelerations. A detailed study is made of the azimuthally independent state, a Hadley cell, in the limit of small thermal Rossby number. It is convenient to employ a boundary layer type analysis, essentially with respect to the Taylor number and all the imposed boundary conditions are rigorously satisfied.
An entirely geostrophic thermal wind is found to obtain over the main body of the fluid. The circulation in the plane of the annular cross-section is entirely confined within narrow boundary layers and consists of a superposition of three cellular motions: a cell occupying the cross-section and two additional cells confined to the side-wall boundary layers. These motions are intimately related to the rotational constraint. The temperature distribution and its relation to the conductive and convective processes are determined.
The Gulf Stream: A Physical and Dynamical Description. By HENRY STOMMEL. University of California Press, 1959. 202 pp. 45s.
- Allan R. Robinson
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 9 / Issue 4 / December 1960
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2006, pp. 632-633
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