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Concurrent transmission of multiple carbapenemases in a long-term acute-care hospital
- Danielle A. Rankin, Maroya Spalding Walters, Luz Caicedo, Paige Gable, Heather A. Moulton-Meissner, Allison Chan, Albert Burks, Kendra Edwards, Gillian McAllister, Alyssa Kent, Alison Laufer Halpin, Christina Moore, Tracy McLemore, Linda Thomas, Nychie Q. Dotson, Alvina K. Chu
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 45 / Issue 3 / March 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 January 2024, pp. 292-301
- Print publication:
- March 2024
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Objective:
We investigated concurrent outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying blaVIM (VIM-CRPA) and Enterobacterales carrying blaKPC (KPC-CRE) at a long-term acute-care hospital (LTACH A).
Methods:We defined an incident case as the first detection of blaKPC or blaVIM from a patient’s clinical cultures or colonization screening test. We reviewed medical records and performed infection control assessments, colonization screening, environmental sampling, and molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing organisms from clinical and environmental sources by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing.
Results:From July 2017 to December 2018, 76 incident cases were identified from 69 case patients: 51 had blaKPC, 11 had blaVIM, and 7 had blaVIM and blaKPC. Also, blaKPC were identified from 7 Enterobacterales, and all blaVIM were P. aeruginosa. We observed gaps in hand hygiene, and we recovered KPC-CRE and VIM-CRPA from drains and toilets. We identified 4 KPC alleles and 2 VIM alleles; 2 KPC alleles were located on plasmids that were identified across multiple Enterobacterales and in both clinical and environmental isolates.
Conclusions:Our response to a single patient colonized with VIM-CRPA and KPC-CRE identified concurrent CPO outbreaks at LTACH A. Epidemiologic and genomic investigations indicated that the observed diversity was due to a combination of multiple introductions of VIM-CRPA and KPC-CRE and to the transfer of carbapenemase genes across different bacteria species and strains. Improved infection control, including interventions that minimized potential spread from wastewater premise plumbing, stopped transmission.
Writers, Editors and Exemplars in Medieval English Texts. Sharon M. Rowley, ed. The New Middle Ages. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021. xx + 360 pp. €114.39.
- Allison Alberts
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- Journal:
- Renaissance Quarterly / Volume 76 / Issue 2 / Summer 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 July 2023, pp. 804-805
- Print publication:
- Summer 2023
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Verona Integron-Encoded Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (VIM)–Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outbreak Associated with Acute Care
- Allison Chan, Alicia Shugart, Albert Burks, Christina Moore, Paige Gable, Heather Moulton-Meissner, Gillian McAllister, Alison Halpin, Maroya Walters, Amelia Keaton, Kelley Tobey, Katie Thure, Sarah Schmedes, Paige Gable, Henrietta Hardin, Adrian Lawsin
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 1 / Issue S1 / July 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 July 2021, p. s26
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Background: Contaminated healthcare facility plumbing is increasingly recognized as a source of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs). In August 2019, the Tennessee State Public Health Laboratory identified Tennessee’s twelfth VIM-producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (VIM-CRPA), from a patient in a long-term acute-care hospital. To determine a potential reservoir, the Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) reviewed healthcare exposures for all cases. Four cases (33%), including the most recent case and earliest from March 2018, had a history of admission to intensive care unit (ICU) room X at acute-care hospital A (ACH A), but the specimens were collected at other facilities. The Public Health Laboratory collaborated with ACH A to assess exposures, perform environmental sampling, and implement control measures. Methods: TDH conducted in-person infection prevention assessments with ACH A, including a review of the water management program. Initial recommendations included placing all patients admitted to room X on contact precautions, screening for CPO on room discharge, daily sink basin and counter cleaning, and other sink hygiene measures. TDH collected environmental and water samples from 5 ICU sinks (ie, the handwashing and bathroom sinks in room X and neighboring room Y [control] and 1 hallway sink) and assessed the presence of VIM-CRPA. Moreover, 5 patients and 4 environmental VIM-CRPA underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: From February to June 2020, of 21 patients admitted to room X, 9 (43%) underwent discharge screening and 4 (44%) were colonized with VIM-CRPA. Average room X length of stay was longer for colonized patients (11.3 vs 4.8 days). Drain swabs from room X’s bathroom and handwashing sinks grew VIM-CRPA; VIM-CRPA was not detected in tap water or other swab samples. VIM-CRPA from the environment and patients were sequence type 253 and varied by 0–13 single-nucleotide variants. ACH A replaced room X’s sinks and external plumbing in July. Discharge screening and contact precautions for all patients were discontinued in November, 5 months following the last case and 12 consecutive negative patient discharge screens. Improved sink hygiene and mechanism testing for CRPA from clinical cultures continued, with no new cases identified. Conclusions: An ICU room with a persistently contaminated sink drain was a persistent reservoir of VIM-CRPA. The room X attack rate was high, with VIM-CRPA acquisition occurring in >40% of patients screened. The use of contaminated plumbing fixtures in ACH have the potential to facilitate transmission to patients but may be challenging to identify and remediate. All healthcare facilities should follow sink hygiene best practices.
Funding: No
Disclosures: None
Fruit of the Orchard: Reading Catherine of Siena in Late Medieval and Early Modern England. Jennifer N. Brown. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019. xvi + 312 pp. $75.
- Allison Alberts
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- Journal:
- Renaissance Quarterly / Volume 73 / Issue 4 / Winter 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 January 2021, pp. 1422-1423
- Print publication:
- Winter 2020
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Regional Public Health Response to Emerging Carbapenamase-Producing Organisms in Central Florida, 2019
- Danielle A. Rankin, Justine M. Celli, Danielle L. Walden, Allison Chan, Albert Burks, Nicole Castro, Sasha Nelson, Marion A. Kainer, Alvina K. Chu, Nychie Q. Dotson, Maroya S. Walters
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, p. s50
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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Background: Detection of unusual carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) in a healthcare facility may signify broader regional spread. During investigation of a VIM-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (VIM-CRPA) outbreak in a long-term acute-care hospital in central Florida, enhanced surveillance identified VIM-CRPA from multiple facilities, denoting potential regional emergence. We evaluated infection control and performed screening for CPOs in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) across the region to identify potential CPO reservoirs and improve practices. Methods: All SNFs in 2 central Florida counties were offered a facility-wide point-prevalence survey (PPS) for CPOs and a nonregulatory infection control consultation. PPSs were conducted using a PCR-based screening method; specimens with a carbapenemase gene detected were cultured to identify the organisms. Infection control assessments focused on direct observations of hand hygiene (HH), environmental cleaning, and the sink splash zone. Thoroughness of environmental cleaning was evaluated using fluorescent markers applied to 6 standardized high-touch surfaces in at least 2 rooms per facility. Results: Overall, 21 (48%) SNFs in the 2-county region participated; 18 conducted PPS. Bed size ranged from 40 to 391, 5 (24%) facilities were ventilator-capable SNFs (vSNFs), and 12 had short-stay inpatient rehabilitation units. Of 1,338 residents approached, 649 agreed to rectal screening, and 14 (2.2%) carried CPOs. CPO-colonized residents were from the ventilator-capable units of 3 vSNFs (KPC-CRE=7; KPC-CRPA=1) and from short-stay units of 2 additional facilities (VIM-CRPA, n = 5; KPC-CRE, n = 1). Among the 5 facilities where CPO colonization was identified, the prevalence ranged from 1.1% in a short-stay unit to 16.1% in a ventilator unit. All facilities had access to soap and water in resident bathrooms; 14 (67%) had alcohol-based hand rubs accessible. Overall, mean facility HH adherence was 52% (range, 37%–66%; mean observations per facility = 106) (Fig. 1). We observed the use of non–EPA-registered disinfectants and cross contamination from dirty to clean areas during environmental cleaning; the overall surface cleaning rate was 46% (n = 178 rooms); only 1 room had all 6 markers removed. Resident supplies were frequently stored in the sink splash zone. Conclusions: A regional assessment conducted in response to emergence of VIM-CRPA identified a relatively low CPO prevalence at participating SNFs; CPOs were primarily identified in vSNFs and among short-stay residents. Across facilities, we observed low adherence to core infection control practices that could facilitate spread of CPOs and other resistant organisms. In this region, targeting ventilator and short-stay units of SNFs for surveillance and infection control efforts may have the greatest prevention impact.
Funding: None
Disclosures: None
Attitudes toward advance care planning among persons with dementia and their caregivers
- Corinne Pettigrew, Rostislav Brichko, Betty Black, Maureen K. O’Connor, Mary Guerriero Austrom, Maisha T. Robinson, Allison Lindauer, Raj C. Shah, Guerry M. Peavy, Kayla Meyer, Frederick A. Schmitt, Jennifer H. Lingler, Kimiko Domoto-Reilly, Dorothy Farrar-Edwards, Marilyn Albert
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 32 / Issue 5 / May 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 July 2019, pp. 585-599
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Objectives:
To examine factors that influence decision-making, preferences, and plans related to advance care planning (ACP) and end-of-life care among persons with dementia and their caregivers, and examine how these may differ by race.
Design:Cross-sectional survey.
Setting:13 geographically dispersed Alzheimer’s Disease Centers across the United States.
Participants:431 racially diverse caregivers of persons with dementia.
Measurements:Survey on “Care Planning for Individuals with Dementia.”
Results:The respondents were knowledgeable about dementia and hospice care, indicated the person with dementia would want comfort care at the end stage of illness, and reported high levels of both legal ACP (e.g., living will; 87%) and informal ACP discussions (79%) for the person with dementia. However, notable racial differences were present. Relative to white persons with dementia, African American persons with dementia were reported to have a lower preference for comfort care (81% vs. 58%) and lower rates of completion of legal ACP (89% vs. 73%). Racial differences in ACP and care preferences were also reflected in geographic differences. Additionally, African American study partners had a lower level of knowledge about dementia and reported a greater influence of religious/spiritual beliefs on the desired types of medical treatments. Notably, all respondents indicated that more information about the stages of dementia and end-of-life health care options would be helpful.
Conclusions:Educational programs may be useful in reducing racial differences in attitudes towards ACP. These programs could focus on the clinical course of dementia and issues related to end-of-life care, including the importance of ACP.
Reading the Real Housewives of John Foxe's Book of Martyrs
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- By Allison Adair Alberts, Academic dean and member of the English faculty at Sacred Heart, Greenwich
- Edited by Martin Chase, Maryanne Kowaleski
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- Book:
- Reading and Writing in Medieval England
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 21 June 2019
- Print publication:
- 15 March 2019, pp 211-232
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Summary
In her diary entry for September 28, 1599, Lady Margaret Hoby writes:
In the morninge, after priuat praier, I tooke order for things about the house, and at 9 : I did eate my breakfast : then I hard Mr Rhodes [her chaplain] read tell allmost dinner time : after dinner I talked with Tho: Adesone about the purchassinge his owne farme : then I wrought [did needlepoint] tell allmost supper time, and after I had priuatly praied, I went to supper : after that I walked tell Lector time, and after that I hard one of the men read of the book of Marters, and so went to bed.
Lady Hoby's diary records the events of her life in Hackness from 1599 to 1605, where she managed her large manor house and estates. Typical of other entries, September 28 demonstrates how her day is divided between domestic duty and devotional practice. Her entry moves seamlessly between the two types of activity, painting a picture of a life in which these two spheres – domestic and spiritual – abut and overlap. The same intersection of domesticity and spirituality is echoed throughout the text Lady Hoby names – the “book of Marters.” In John Foxe's Book of Martyrs, women are often characterized by their distinctly domestic spirituality: their devotion intermingles with their everyday responsibilities as wives, mothers, and daughters. This similarity between readers like Lady Hoby and Foxe's female martyrs has inspired over thirty years of scholarship. In an early and influential article, Carole Levin argues that Foxe's female martyrs constituted role models for Tudor women, though she concludes by noting the difficulty of fitting all of Foxe's women into this model. Since then, critics have often sought to understand how these martyrs align with patriarchal expectations for wives, such as those outlined in conduct manuals and other such texts.
Yet Foxe's women are not intended to be mirrors for their readers’ behavior. Instead, Foxe's female martyrs are part of a much longer trajectory of women in hagiography, whose examples are intended to teach and inspire, rather than provide models for emulation.
Early Cambrian Trilobites from the Shackleton Limestone of the Central Transantarctic Mountains
- Allison R. Palmer, Albert J. Rowell
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 69 / Issue S45 / November 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 August 2017, pp. 1-28
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We document and describe the trilobite faunas of the Lower Cambrian Shackleton Limestone. The faunas include taxa of Atdabanian, Botomian and possible Toyonian ages and have affinities with those known previously from Gondwana or peri-Gondwana terranes. The geographic distribution of these organisms reveals a large measure of faunal connectedness around the margin of this vast supercontinent in Early Cambrian time. This connectedness extended even to taxa that inhabited shallow-water carbonate shelf environments, because the Shackleton Limestone accumulated in a variety of shallow subtidal and peritidal settings along the ocean-facing margin of the East Antarctic craton, subsequent to a Neoproterozoic rifting event. Although the fossilized Shackleton Limestone fauna is dominated by archaeocyathans, trilobites are common locally. We describe the remains of 35 trilobite taxa from 32 collecting localities. One species, H. granulosa, is assigned to the new genus Holyoakia; the remaining new species are Pagetides (Discomesites) spinosus, Lemdadella antarcticae, Kingaspis (?) convexus, Yunnanocephalus longioccipitalis, and Onchocephalina (?) spinosa.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Contributors
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- By Shamsuddin Akhtar, Greg Albert, Sidney Allison, Muhammad Anwar, Haruo Arita, Amanda Barker, Mary Hanna Bekhit, Jeanna Blitz, Tyson Bolinske, David Burbulys, Asokumar Buvanendran, Gregory Cain, Keith A. Candiotti, Daniel B. Carr, Derek Chalmers, John Charney, Rex Cheng, Roger Chou, Keun Sam Chung, Anna Clebone, Frederick Conlin, Susan Dabu-Bondoc, Tiffany Denepitiya-Balicki, Jeanette Derdemezi, Anahat Kaur Dhillon, Ho Dzung, Juan Jose Egas, Stephen M. Eskaros, Zhuang T. Fang, Claudia R. Fernandez Robles, Victor A. Filadora, Ellen Flanagan, Dan Froicu, Allison Gandey, Nehal Gatha, Boris Gelman, Christopher Gharibo, Muhammad K. Ghori, Brian Ginsberg, Michael E. Goldberg, Jeff Gudin, Thomas Halaszynski, Martin Hale, Dorothea Hall, Craig T. Hartrick, Justin Hata, Lars E. Helgeson, Joe C. Hong, Richard W. Hong, Balazs Horvath, Eric S. Hsu, Gabriel Jacobs, Jonathan S. Jahr, Rongjie Jaing, Inderjeet Singh Julka, Zeev N. Kain, Clinton Kakazu, Kianusch Kiai, Mary Keyes, Michael M. Kim, Peter G. Lacouture, Ryan Lanier, Vivian K. Lee, Mark J. Lema, Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola, Imanuel Lerman, Philip Levin, Steven Levin, JinLei Li, Eric C. Lin, Sharon Lin, David A. Lindley, Ana M. Lobo, Marisa Lomanto, Mirjana Lovrincevic, Brenda C. McClain, Tariq Malik, Jure Marijic, Joseph Marino, Laura Mechtler, Alan Miller, Carly Miller, Amit Mirchandani, Sukanya Mitra, Fleurise Montecillo, James M. Moore, Debra E. Morrison, Philip F. Morway, Carsten Nadjat-Haiem, Hamid Nourmand, Dana Oprea, Sunil J. Panchal, Edward J. Park, Kathleen Ji Park, Kellie Park, Parisa Partownavid, Akta Patel, Bijal Patel, Komal D. Patel, Neesa Patel, Swati Patel, Paul M. Peloso, Danielle Perret, Anthony DePlato, Marjorie Podraza Stiegler, Despina Psillides, Mamatha Punjala, Johan Raeder, Siamak Rahman, Aziz M. Razzuk, Maggy G. Riad, Kristin L. Richards, R. Todd Rinnier, Ian W. Rodger, Joseph Rosa, Abraham Rosenbaum, Alireza Sadoughi, Veena Salgar, Leslie Schechter, Michael Seneca, Yasser F. Shaheen, James H. Shull, Elizabeth Sinatra, Raymond S. Sinatra, Neil Singla, Neil Sinha, Denis V. Snegovskikh, Dmitri Souzdalnitski, Julie Sramcik, Zoreh Steffens, Alexander Timchenko, Vadim Tokhner, Marc C. Torjman, Co T. Truong, Nalini Vadivelu, Ashley Vaughn, Anjali Vira, Eugene R. Viscusi, Dajie Wang, Shu-ming Wang, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford, Steven J. Weisman, Ira Whitten, Bryan S. Williams, Jeremy M. Wong, Thomas Wong, Christopher Wray, Yaw Wu, Anthony T. Yarussi, Laurie Yonemoto, Bita H. Zadeh, Jill Zafar, Martha Zegarra, Keren Ziv
- Edited by Raymond S. Sinatra, Jonathan S. Jahr, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford
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- Book:
- The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics
- Published online:
- 06 December 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 October 2010, pp xi-xviii
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Contributors
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- By Robert S. Albert, John Baer, Ronald A. Beghetto, Adam S. Bristol, John F. Cabra, Bonnie Cramond, Arthur Cropley, David Cropley, Gregory J. Feist, Julie A. Fiorelli, Liane Gabora, Elena L. Grigorenko, Kyung Hee Kim, Beth A. Hennessey, Allison B. Kaufman, James C. Kaufman, Scott Barry Kaufman, Yuliya Kolomyts, Sergey A. Kornilov, Aaron Kozbelt, Paul J. Locher, Todd Lubart, Matthew C. Makel, Seana Moran, Jonathan A. Plucker, Gerard J. Puccio, Ruth Richards, Mark A. Runco, Sandra W. Russ, R. Keith Sawyer, Paul J. Silvia, Dean Keith Simonton, Jeffrey K. Smith, Lisa F. Smith, Robert J. Sternberg, Mei Tan, Joyce VanTassel-Baska, Thomas B. Ward
- Edited by James C. Kaufman, California State University, San Bernardino, Robert J. Sternberg, Tufts University, Massachusetts
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity
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- 05 June 2012
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- 23 August 2010, pp xi-xii
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Night Eating Syndrome and Results from the First Placebo-Controlled Trial of Treatment, with the SSRI Medication, Sertraline: Implications for Clinical Practice
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- By John P. O'Reardon, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Karen E. Groff, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Albert J. Stunkard, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Kelly C. Allison, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Edited by Jeffrey L. Cummings
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- Book:
- Progress in Neurotherapeutics and Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published online:
- 13 May 2010
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- 06 March 2008, pp 241-258
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Summary
ABSTRACT
Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of the night eating syndrome (NES). Method: Thirty-four outpatients diagnosed with NES were randomly assigned to receive either sertraline (n = 17) or placebo (n = 17) in an 8-week, double-blind, flexible-dose (50–200 mg/day) study. We used the mixed effects linear regression model to analyze change in the primary outcome measure, the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale (CGI-I). Secondary outcomes included changes in the Night Eating Symptom Scale (NESS), the number of nocturnal awakenings and ingestions, total daily calorie intake after the evening meal, Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale (CGI-S), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Scale (Q-LES), and weight. Results: Sertraline was associated with statistically significantly greater improvements than placebo in the CGI-I scale. As determined by a CGI-I score of ≤ 2 (much or very much improved), 12 subjects in the sertraline group (71%) were classified as responders versus only 3 in the placebo group (18%). There were also significant improvements in the NESS, CGI-S scales, Q-LES, frequency of nocturnal ingestions and awakenings, and calorie intake after supper. Overweight and obese subjects in the sertraline group (n = 14) lost a significant amount of weight by week 8 (mean = −2.9, SD = 3.8 kg) compared to those in the placebo arm (n = 13) (mean = −0.3, SD = 2.7 kg). Conclusions: In this 8-week trial, sertraline was effective in the treatment of NES and was well tolerated.
Night Eating Syndrome and Results from the First Placebo-Controlled Trial of Treatment, with the SSRI Medication, Sertraline: Implications for Clinical Practice
- John P. O'Reardon, Karen E. Groff, Albert J. Stunkard, Kelly C. Allison
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- Journal:
- Progress in Neurotherapeutics and Neuropsychopharmacology / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / January 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 December 2007, pp. 241-257
- Print publication:
- January 2008
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ABSTRACT
Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of the night eating syndrome (NES). Method: Thirty-four outpatients diagnosed with NES were randomly assigned to receive either sertraline (n = 17) or placebo (n = 17) in an 8-week, double-blind, flexible-dose (50–200 mg/day) study. We used the mixed effects linear regression model to analyze change in the primary outcome measure, the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale (CGI-I). Secondary outcomes included changes in the Night Eating Symptom Scale (NESS), the number of nocturnal awakenings and ingestions, total daily calorie intake after the evening meal, Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale (CGI-S), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Scale (Q-LES), and weight. Results: Sertraline was associated with statistically significantly greater improvements than placebo in the CGI-I scale. As determined by a CGI-I score of ≤2 (much or very much improved), 12 subjects in the sertraline group (71%) were classified as responders versus only 3 in the placebo group (18%). There were also significant improvements in the NESS, CGI-S scales, Q-LES, frequency of nocturnal ingestions and awakenings, and calorie intake after supper. Overweight and obese subjects in the sertraline group (n = 14) lost a significant amount of weight by week 8 (mean = −2.9, SD = 3.8 kg) compared to those in the placebo arm (n = 13) (mean = −0.3, SD = 2.7 kg). Conclusions: In this 8-week trial, sertraline was effective in the treatment of NES and was well tolerated.
The need for pre-release health screening in animal translocations: a case study of the Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila)
- Allison C. Alberts, Marcie L. Oliva, Michael B. Worley, Sam R. Telford, Patrick J. Morris, Donald L. Janssen
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- Journal:
- Animal Conservation forum / Volume 1 / Issue 3 / August 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 March 2001, pp. 165-172
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- August 1998
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A serious concern with the increasing use of translocation and reintroduction in animal conservation programs is the potential for disease transmission between captive and free-ranging populations. As part of an experimental headstarting program, 45 juvenile Cuban iguanas, Cyclura nubila, were artificially incubated, maintained in captivity for six to 18 months, and subsequently released into natural areas on the US Naval Base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Prior to release, all animals underwent physical examinations, hematological analyses, plasma biochemical determinations, and blood and fecal parasite screening. Comparable data were collected from free-ranging juveniles to establish normal baseline values. Although all hematological parameters were within expected ranges for healthy reptiles, captive juveniles exhibited higher total leukocyte counts and percent lymphocytes, but lower percent heterophils, than free-ranging juveniles. All biochemical values other than lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase were within normal ranges. Although higher than reported in other species, these enzymes did not differ in captive and free-ranging juveniles. Free-ranging juveniles significantly exceeded captive juveniles in levels of potassium, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, cholesterol and triglycerides, whereas the reverse was true for carbon dioxide and glucose. Although free-ranging juveniles exhibited oxyurids and coccidian oocysts in their feces, captive juveniles were negative for the presence of these parasites. Electron microscopy confirmed that a high percentage of both captive and free-ranging juveniles possessed erythrocytes infected with the piroplasm Sauroplasma. Implications of these results for successful repatriation of captive-reared iguanas are discussed.