13 results
A new approach to impact case study analytics
- Jiajie Zhang, Paul Watson, Barry Hodgson
-
- Journal:
- Data & Policy / Volume 4 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 September 2022, e30
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
The 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessed the quality of university research in the UK. 20% of the assessment was allocated according to peer review of the impact of research, reflecting the growing importance of impact in UK government policy. Beyond academia, impact is defined as a change or benefit to the economy, society, culture, public policy or services, health, the environment, or quality of life. Each institution submitted a set of four-page impact case studies. These are predominantly free-form descriptions and evidences of the impact of study. Numerous analyses of these case studies have been conducted, but they have utilised either qualitative methods or primary forms of text searching. These approaches have limitations, including the time required to manually analyse the data and the frequently inferior quality of the answers provided by applying computational analysis to unstructured, context-less free text data. This paper describes a new system to address these problems. At its core is a structured, queryable representation of the case study data. We describe the ontology design used to structure the information and how semantic web related technologies are used to store and query the data. Experiments show that this gives two significant advantages over existing techniques: improved accuracy in question answering and the capability to answer a broader range of questions, by integrating data from external sources. Then we investigate whether machine learning can predict each case study’s grade using this structured representation. The results provide accurate predictions for computer science impact case studies.
Diphenamid Metabolism in Tomato: Time Course of an Ozone Fumigation Effect
- Richard H. Hodgson, Kendall E. Dusbabek, Barry L. Hoffer
-
- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 22 / Issue 3 / May 1974
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 205-210
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The time course of diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide) metabolism in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Sheyenne’) was altered by fumigation with 30 pphm (parts per hundred million) of O3. After 2 days 70% of the absorbed diphenamid was metabolized in controls compared with 83% in fumigated plants. Concentrations of N-methyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (MMDA) were equivalent in both fumigated and control plants. Less glucoside conjugate (MDAG) was present in fumigated plants 2 to 4 days after treatment than in the control plants. Gentiobioside conjugate (MDAGB) increased rapidly in fumigated plants after 0.5 day but not in control plants until after 2 days. Loss of diphenamid from aerated solution was demonstrated. A scheme for diphenamid metabolism is proposed.
Diphenamid Metabolism in Pepper and an Ozone Effect. II. Herbicide Metabolite Characterization
- Richard H. Hodgson, Barry L. Hoffer
-
- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 25 / Issue 4 / July 1977
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 331-337
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Metabolites of diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-acetamide) were purified from extracts of pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L. ‘Early Calwonder’) treated via nutrient solution with the herbicide or several of its analogs. The major metabolites were characterized. Diphenamid was metabolized partially via a previously unreported pathway to N,N-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2-[(hydroxyphenyl)-β-0-D-glucosyl] acetamide and its monomethyl analog, and to N-hydroxymethyl glycosides previously reported in other species. Ozone fumigation stimulated the production of both types of glycoside-conjugates. Leaves of plants that had been treated with 30 μM diphenamid and fumigated with ozone for 146 to 149 h contained 304 and 560 nmoles per gram of fresh weight of the hydroxyphenyl and N-hydroxymethyl conjugates, respectively.
Diphenamid Metabolism in Pepper and an Ozone Effect. I. Absorption, Translocation, and the Extent of Metabolism
- Richard H. Hodgson, Barry L. Hoffer
-
- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 25 / Issue 4 / July 1977
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 324-330
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Nutrient-solution-grown pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. ‘Early Calwonder’) absorbed 62% of the diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2-2-diphenylacetamide) supplied via the roots for 48 h, and 74% in 150 h. Extensive translocation accompanied absorption, and 70 ± 3% of the absorbed 14C was present in shoots of plants harvested after 24- to 150-h treatments. Diphenamid was metabolized rapidly to chloroform-soluble and water-soluble compounds, and to unextracted residues. Chloroform-soluble compounds persisted for 150 h and accounted for more than 50% of the 14C in leaves. Water-soluble compounds other than N-hydroxymethyl-β-D-glycosides accounted for 25% of the water-soluble metabolites in leaves of nonfumigated plants. Ozone fumigation did not affect diphenamid absorption or translocation significantly. In leaves, ozone-enhanced accumulation of water-soluble metabolites more polar than N-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide-β-D-glucoside (MDAG) and unextracted residues was observed. Ozone fumigation reduced the accumulation of these 14C-fractions in roots.
Contributors
-
- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Dietary preferences of sambar (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) offered browse, forage legume and grass species
- G. Semiadil, T. N. Barry, P. D. Muir, J. Hodgson
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 125 / Issue 1 / August 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2009, pp. 99-107
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Grazing sambar and red deer in New Zealand were offered a free choice of seven different plant species (forage legumes, browse and grasses) in 1992 and 1993 and dietary preference rankings were determined. Nutritive value of plants on offer and diet selected, plant height, plant species purity and stem diameter selected (browse only) were also determined. Total nitrogen (N) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were highest for red clover, lowest for grasses and intermediate for browse species (willow, poplar and lupin). Top dietary preference ranking was willow for sambar and red clover for red deer in both years, with Yorkshire fog and prairie grass being lowly preference ranked with both deer species. Sambar selected willow stems up to 38 mm in diameter and poplar stems up to 54 mm in diameter. When the plants were grouped into browse, grass and forage legume categories, both deer species showed a similar preference ranking for grasses. Relative to grasses, sambar showed a strong preference for browse and a low preference for forage legumes, whilst red deer showed a strong preference for forage legumes of high nutritive value and a very low preference for browse. It was calculated that sambar selected a total diet higher in condensed tannins and lignin but lower in nitrogen than that selected by red deer, with similar values for total fibre and OMD. Differences in dietary preference between the two deer species may be linked with the greater ability of sambar deer to neutralize some plant secondary compounds and their more efficient rumination pattern compared with red deer. Both sambar and red deer can be classified as intermediate feeders, having a similar preference for grasses, but differing preferences for forage legumes and browse.
Growth and venison production from red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazing red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture
- G. Semiadi, T. N. Barry, P. R. Wilson, J. Hodgson, R. W. Purchas
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 121 / Issue 2 / October 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2009, pp. 265-271
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A study of growth and venison production from weaner red deer grazing pure tetraploid red clover (RC) or conventional perennial ryegrass/white clover (PRG) pasture was conducted in 1990, with the objective of attaining a minimum slaughter liveweight of 92 kg (50 kg carcass) by 12 months of age in the stags. Ten weaner red deer stags and ten weaner red deer hinds were randomly selected and rotationally grazed on either RC or PRG forage. In autumn and spring, forage allowances were 7 kgDM/hd/day and 8 kgDM/hd/day respectively. In winter, the animals from both groups were grazed together on PRG pasture, at a residual dry matter (DM) of 1100 kgDM/ha. Total nitrogen (N) concentration was higher in RC on offer than in PRG on offer (autumn 3·4 v. 3·1 %DM; spring 3·8 v. 3·1 %DM), whilst organic matter digestibility (OMD; autumn 80·5 v. 76·5%; spring 82·1 v. 80·3%) was also higher for RC on offer. Diet selected showed similar differences in total N concentration, but there were negligible differences between forages in OMD.
Liveweight gains of RC and PRG stags were respectively 263 v. 192 g/day, 101 v. 106 g/day and 354 v. 341 g/day during autumn, winter and spring, with the corresponding values for hinds being 198. 173 g/day, 52 v. 53 g/day and 242 v. 218 g/day. At one year of age, stags grazing RC were 7 kg heavier and hinds 3 kg heavier than animals grazing PRG pasture. Animals grazing RC forage had higher voluntary feed intake (VFI) in both autumn (P < 0·10) and spring (P < 0·001), than animals grazing PRG pasture.
All stags grazing RC forage reached the minimum slaughter liveweight by one year of age, compared to 75% of those grazing PRG pasture. At slaughter, stags that had grazed RC produced heavier carcass weights (59·9 v. 54·5 kg, P < 0·01), had higher carcass dressing percentage (55·3 v. 53·2 %; P < 0·01), and tended to have slightly greater carcass subcutaneous fat depth than stags grazing PRG pasture, but this effect disappeared when the data were corrected to equal carcass weight. All stags grazing RC produced velvet antler, relative to 75% of those grazing PRG; in stags producing harvestable velvet antler, there was no difference in antler weight between those grazing RC and PRG. It is concluded that RC offers potential as a special-purpose forage for the growth of weaner red deer.
Early venison production from red deer (Cervus elaphus) as affected by grazing perennial or annual ryegrass pastures, pasture surface height and immunization against melatonin
- A. M. Ataja, P. R. Wilson, T. N. Barry, J. Hodgson, R. M. Hoskinson, W. J. Parker, R. W. Purchas
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 118 / Issue 3 / June 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2009, pp. 353-369
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Two grazing experiments in New Zealand, using newly weaned red deer stags, assessed methods of maximizing growth over winter and spring, with the objective of attaining a slaughter weight of 92 kg liveweight (> 50 kg carcass) at the end of spring, by 12 months of age. Perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures, and the same direct-drilled with an annual ryegrass, were grazed at two surface heights (5 cm and 10 cm; Experiment 1; 1988) or at similar pasture mass (Experiment 2; 1989). Balanced groups of stags grazing each forage were immunized against melatonin, commencing at 3 months of age (Expt 1) or at birth (Expt 2). Moata annual ryegrass comprised 19–46% of the feed on offer in Expt 1 and 65–82% in Expt 2. Perennial ryegrass comprised 79–89% of control pastures and white clover generally comprised < 10% of all pastures. Organic matter digestibility of both the feed on offer and diet selected, determined with deer fistulated in the rumen or oesophagus, was 75–80%.
In Expt 1, rates of body growth during winter were greater for stags grazing at 10 cm than at 5 cm pasture height, with no effect due to the inclusion of annual ryegrass. During spring, growth rates were similar for stags grazing 10 cm pastures and the 5 cm pasture containing annual ryegrass, but were lower on 5 cm pasture based on perennial ryegrass. Inclusion of annual ryegrass slightly increased winter rates of herbage dry matter accumulation, animal carrying capacity and the proportion of stags attaining target slaughter weight.
In Expt 2, annual ryegrass pastures were of higher organic matter digestibility than perennial pastures during winter, and supported greater rates of liveweight gain (LWG) and voluntary feed intake (VFI) than the perennial ryegrass. During spring, LWG increased in both groups of stags although the difference between the two groups ceased to be significant. More of the animals grazing annual ryegrass pastures attained target slaughter weight than those grazing perennial pasture. Rumen acetate: propionate ratio, measured in fistulated stags, was similar for both groups of animals. Relative to perennial ryegrass, pastures containing high proportions of annual ryegrass resulted in similar animal carrying capacity during winter but substantially lower carrying capacity in spring.
Antibodies binding melatonin were detected in 75% of immunized animals, with higher and more persistent titres being obtained using Freund's than using Dextran adjuvant and titre being much higher in stags immunized at birth than at 3 months of age. This was associated with a small and variable increase in plasma prolactin concentration, but had no effect upon plasma concentrations of LH or testosterone or upon LWG.
It was concluded that the small increase in deer production attributable to annual ryegrass was mainly due to higher VFI, and that grazing perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures at 10 cm surface height resulted in higher levels of deer production than grazing at 5 cm surface height. These studies emphasise the feasibility of early venison production from grazed pastures in New Zealand, and show that the young deer were growing close to their genetic potential under this system.
Growth responses in red deer calves and hinds grazing red clover, chicory or perennial ryegrass/white clover swards during lactation
- J. H. Niezen, T. N. Barry, J. Hodgson, P. R. Wilson, A. M. Ataja, W. J. Parker, C. W. Holmes
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 121 / Issue 2 / October 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2009, pp. 255-263
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Two experiments were conducted at the Massey University Deer Unit, New Zealand in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the performance of lactating red deer hinds and their calves grazing conventional perennial ryegrass-based pastures, red clover or chicory. In both experiments, hind and calf performance was evaluated from 1 month post-parturition over a 2½ month summer period to weaning at 3½ months of age.
In Expt 1, hinds and calves were grazed on low (5·4 kg dry matter (DM)/hd/day), medium (10·8) or high (16·4) allowances of red clover, or on a medium allowance of a conventional ryegrass/white clover sward (9·9 DM/hd/day). In Expt 2, hinds and calves grazed equal DM allowances (12 kg DM/hd/day) of perennial ryegrass/white clover, chicory or red clover.
Red clover generally had higher organic matter digestibility (OMD) and higher total N than ryegrass/white clover, and when grazed at equal DM allowances, promoted higher voluntary food intake in the hinds, increased calf growth (430 v. 330 g/day) and increased hind liveweight change. Although decreasing the red clover allowance in Expt 1 slightly but non-significantly decreased hind voluntary food intake and decreased both calf and hind liveweight change, all low red clover values were still consistently higher than all ryegrass/white clover values (P < 0·05). In Expt 2, chicory was of higher OMD and ash content than red clover but N content was lower and similar to ryegrass/white clover. Chicory promoted lower levels of calf liveweight change than red clover but higher than ryegrass/white clover. Hind liveweight change on chicory was lower than on red clover and was similar to ryegrass/white clover. It was concluded that red clover offers potential as a special purpose forage for deer production and that further experimental work is needed with chicory.
Personality Disorder in Primary Care: Factors Associated with Therapist Views of Process and Outcome
- Steven Jones, Gerrard Burrell-Hodgson, Graham Tate, Barry Fowler
-
- Journal:
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 34 / Issue 4 / October 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 May 2006, pp. 453-466
- Print publication:
- October 2006
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Assessment and treatment of personality disorder (PD) is a key issue in UK mental health service provision (NIMH report, 2003), but there is limited information on individuals with personality disorder presenting to primary care mental health services. This study investigates the characteristics of PD in individuals receiving cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) following GP referral and its relationship with therapist ratings of treatment process and outcome. One hundred and forty-eight participants completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-III: Millon, Davis and Millon, 1997). Therapists completed a measure of therapy process and outcome (TPOQ) on 100 participants. Key therapy and process questions were answered for 60 participants who attended a minimum of five therapy sessions. MCMI-III indicated a rate of PD of 56.4%. Factor analysis of PD scales identified two factors: inward looking/emotionally distanced, and aggressive/acting out. For clinical syndromes (CLS), the factors were general psychopathology and substance abuse. TPOQ had two factors: therapeutic alliance and complexity in therapy. Regression analyses indicated that only those PDs contributing to the inward looking/emotionally distanced scale score were associated with therapeutic alliance problems. Conversely, complexity in therapy was only predicted by general psychopathology and not by personality disorder. This study identified high rates of personality disorder in primary care referrals to a clinical psychology service. It also indicated that relationships between the presence of personality disorder and therapist ratings of treatment difficulties were only associated with certain types of personality disorder. These findings are discussed in relation to service and therapy planning in mental health.
Six new Actinella (Bacillariophyta) species from Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand: further evidence for widespread diatom endemism in the Australasian region
- KOEN SABBE, KOENRAAD VANHOUTTE, REX L. LOWE, ELIZABETH A. BERGEY, BARRY J. F. BIGGS, STEVE FRANCOEUR, DOMINIC HODGSON, WIM VYVERMAN
-
- Journal:
- European Journal of Phycology / Volume 36 / Issue 4 / November 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 November 2001, pp. 321-340
- Print publication:
- November 2001
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Examination of sediment samples from oligo-and dystrophic ponds, lakes and streams in Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand revealed a hitherto unknown diversity of the diatom genus Actinella Lewis. Six new species are proposed, viz. Actinella aotearoaia sp. nov., A. giluwensis sp. nov., A indistincta sp. nov., A. muylaertii sp. nov., A. parva sp. nov. and A. pulchella sp. nov. All species are heteropolar, both in girdle and valve view. Novel information on the genus Actinella includes the observations of two ribbon-shaped, valve-appressed plastids in A. aotearoaia and A. pulchella, and the presence of long mucilage stalks in A. aotearoaia. It is argued that, despite recent proposals to reduce the genera Actinella and Desmogonium Ehrenberg to the rank of subgenera of Eunotia, they should be kept separate until the taxonomic significance of their distinctive morphological features (such as heteropolarity) is fully assessed. The new species appear to be endemic to Australasia and have distinct biogeographies within this region. Except for A. aotearoaia, all species are present in Tasmania; A. indistincta and A. pulchella have also been found in New Zealand (Stewart Island). A. aotearoaia is common in several localities in New Zealand but was also found near Sydney on the Australian mainland. Actinella giluwensis has only been observed in material from Papua New Guinea. The record of A. punctata for the latter country constitutes the first confirmed record for this species outside North America and Europe. The discovery of the new Actinella species again confirms the importance of the Australasian region as a major centre of microalgal biodiversity and endemism.
Performance of lambs and the incidence of staggers and heat stress on two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars using a leader-follower rotational grazing management system
- S. J. BLUETT, J. HODGSON, P. D. KEMP, T. N. BARRY
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 136 / Issue 1 / February 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 March 2001, pp. 99-110
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A summer lamb finishing experiment at Palmerston North, New Zealand compared the performance and health of weaned lambs grazing Aries HD or Yatsyn 1 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Aries HD ryegrass was originally selected for increased digestibility over summer and early autumn. Two groups of Romney×Suffolk lambs (15 per group) were rotationally grazed on each cultivar in a leader-follower sequence to assess both the nutritive value of the pastures and the alkaloid challenge imposed by the respective cultivar/endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) associations. Herbage from leader pastures contained a higher content of ryegrass (600 v. 474±27·3 g/kg, P < 0·001) and a lower content of dead material (355 v. 479±34·2 g/kg, P < 0·001) than follower pastures. The in vitro organic matter digestibility coefficient of leader pastures was greater (0·62 v. 0·55±0·024, P < 0·05) and the neutral detergent fibre content lower (592 v. 631±11·4 g/kg, P < 0·005) than follower pastures. Consequently, the leader lambs had faster liveweight gains (92 v. 53±10·6 g/day, P < 0·0005) than the follower lambs. Aries HD and Yatsyn 1 cultivars were similar in sward composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre content and nitrogen content. Lambs grazing Aries HD had a higher herbage intake in late January than lambs grazing Yatsyn 1 pasture (0·95 v. 0·85±0·023 kg OM/day, P < 0·005). Overall, the liveweight gains of lambs grazing Aries HD and Yatsyn 1 were similar (71 v. 73±10·6 g/day, P > 0·7).
Grazing sequence and cultivar did not affect the concentrations of lolitrem B and peramine from herbage cut to ground level. However, serum prolactin concentration, which can indicate ergovaline intoxication, was lower in lambs grazing follower swards (181 v. 120±18·0 ng/ml, P < 0·005). Ergovaline concentration in Aries HD herbage was about half the concentration detected in Yatsyn 1 herbage (0·25 v. 0·49±0·050 mg/kg, P < 0·001). In addition, respiration rate, which can be an indicator of heat stress, was higher in lambs grazing Yatsyn 1 than Aries HD (77 v. 74±1·1 breaths per minute, P < 0·005). All lambs on all treatments had clinical ryegrass staggers from 10 February to 9 March. Lambs were removed from the experiment on 9 March. Both grazing sequence and cultivar affected the severity of ryegrass staggers. Staggers score was highest in Yatsyn 1 followers (4·4) and lowest in Aries HD leaders (3·1). Both grazing sequence and cultivar affected the alkaloid challenge imposed on lambs, resulting in differences in staggers severity, heat stress and performance of the lambs over the summer and autumn period.
Effects of reducing anthelmintic input upon growth and faecal egg and larval counts in young farmed deer grazing chicory (Cichorium intybus) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture
- S. O. HOSKIN, T. N. BARRY, P. R. WILSON, W. A. G. CHARLESTON, J. HODGSON
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 132 / Issue 3 / May 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 1999, pp. 335-345
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A rotational grazing experiment using weaner deer was conducted at Palmerston North, New Zealand, during the autumn, winter and spring, to compare the voluntary feed intake (VFI), liveweight gain (LWG) and carcass production of deer grazing chicory with those grazing perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture. Deer were either treated with anthelmintic at 3-weekly intervals (T) or anthelmintic was withheld until trigger-treatment (TT) criteria were attained. Pure red and 0·75 red: 0·25 elk hybrid stags and hinds were given forage allowances of 5 kg DM/deer/day in autumn and early-mid winter, 6 kg DM/deer/day in late winter and 7 kg DM/deer/day in spring. Deer grazed chicory or pasture in autumn and spring, with all deer combined on pasture during winter when chicory was dormant. Organic matter digestibility of diet selected was greater for chicory than for pasture in both autumn and spring.
Anthelmintic-treated deer grazing pasture in autumn had significantly higher VFI and LWG, contributing to higher carcass weights, than TT deer. Anthelmintic treatment had no effect on these measures for deer grazing chicory in autumn. Clinical signs of lungworm infection were evident in pasture TT deer during autumn and winter, and in chicory TT deer grazing pasture during winter. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were significantly greater for pasture TT deer during autumn and early winter than all other groups. Faecal lungworm larval counts (FLC) were significantly greater for chicory TT deer following transfer to pasture, than for all other groups in early winter, although both FEC and FLC were low. Faecal larval counts were poorly related to clinical signs of lungworm infection during autumn, but were a better guide in winter. Plasma pepsinogen concentrations appeared unrelated to gastrointestinal parasite infection. Trigger-treated deer grazing pasture required five anthelmintic treatments during autumn and winter. The chicory TT group required no anthelmintic treatment when grazing chicory during autumn, but required two treatments after transfer from chicory to pasture during winter.
There was no effect of anthelmintic regime on VFI and LWG in spring, and LWG was greater for deer grazing chicory than those grazing pasture. Hybrid deer had greater spring LWG and carcass weights than red deer when grazing chicory, but similar LWG and carcass weights when grazing pasture.
It was concluded that grazing chicory offers the potential for reducing anthelmintic use in farmed weaner deer, particularly during autumn.
![](/core/cambridge-core/public/images/lazy-loader.gif)