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17 The Chinese Version of Craft Story Recall: A Preliminary Study on the Diagnostic Values of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.
- Gelan Ying, Judith Neugroschl, Amy Aloysi, Dongming Cai, Tianxu Xia, Carolyn W Zhu, Xiaoyi Zeng, Jimmy Akrivos, Linghsi Liu, Yiyu Cao, Wei-Qian Wang, Mary Sano, Glenn E Smith, Clara Li
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 700-701
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Objective:
Craft story recall test in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniformed Data Set 3 (NACC UDS3) neuropsychological battery has been employed to assess verbal memory and assist clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. While a Chinese version of the test was adapted, no existing literature has examined the diagnostic validity of the test in Chinese Americans. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of both immediate and delayed recall.
Participants and Methods:The Chinese version of Craft Story was administered in to 78 Chinese participants per their language preference of Mandarin or Cantonese. Outcome measures were verbatim and paraphrase recall of the story immediately and after a 20-minute delay. A multiple linear regression was performed to investigate the association of each outcome measure with age, education, gender, age when moved to the U.S., years in the U.S., and testing language. To assess its diagnostic value, cutoff standard deviation scores of -1.5 and -2.0 from the mean of the clinically cognitive normal participants were generated for MCI and dementia diagnoses, respectively. Due to the small sample size, a normative group fitting the mean age (73 years), years of education (12 years), and the majority gender (female) of the current sample were used to identify standard cut points. A receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to compare predicted diagnosis with actual clinical diagnosis obtained through patients’ overall performance and a consensus meeting by licensed clinicians.
Results:Younger age (p < 0.05) and being tested in Mandarin (p < .01) were positively associated with immediate and delayed recall. Strong positive correlations between each measure were observed (all p < .001), indicating a significant relationship between information encoded and retained. Among all the participants, 15 (19.2%) were diagnosed with MCI and 22 (28.2%) with dementia. For MCI diagnosis, the standard cutoff scores demonstrated adequate sensitivity (verbatim=82%, paraphrase=91%) but low specificity (verbatim=44%, paraphrase=67%) in all outcome measures. For dementia diagnosis, delayed recall showed strong sensitivity (100%) and adequate specificity (75%) in both verbatim and paraphrasing scores. Immediate recall paraphrase (sensitivity = 95%, specificity = 50%) showed a better sensitivity but lower specificity than verbatim scoring (sensitivity = 86%, specificity = 58%). The accuracy was higher in delayed recall for both MCI and dementia diagnosis. A preliminary analysis on the optimal cut points indicated higher cutoff scores to distinguish MCI and dementia from clinically cognitive normal population, and from each other (e.g., the optimal cut point for delayed verbatim in distinguishing MCI from normal is 8.0 (sensitivity=89%, specificity=73%, AUC=84.3%)).
Conclusions:Consistent with previous literature, Craft Story delayed recall served as a more accurate diagnostic tool for both MCI and dementia compared to immediate recall in older Chinese Americans. However, poor specificity might increase the chance of following false positive subjects in clinical trials. In addition, testing language appeared to impact performance on verbal memory recall of constructed information. Thus, future studies should focus on developing normative scores that address both the overall cultural differences of Chinese Americans and the heterogeneity within this population.
Interface instabilities in Faraday waves of two-layer liquids with free surface
- Dongming Liu, Pengzhi Lin
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 941 / 25 June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 May 2022, A33
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For a fluid system with an interface between two-layer liquids and a free surface, there exist two series of natural frequencies. Under vertical excitations, the interface and the free surface can be excited separately or simultaneously. Laboratory experiments were conducted to excite the first- and second-mode Faraday waves on the free surface, which forced the in-phase motion of the interface. The experimental data were used to validate the extended numerical model NEWTANK. The secondary surface instability in the form of period tripling breaking occurred on the free surface when second-mode surface resonant response was large. Further numerical investigations were conducted to study the resonance of interface and in addition to the primary Faraday instability, the secondary interface instability occurred due to Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability. The analysis revealed that this was due to the contribution from the combined effects of vertical fluid acceleration and external excitation, which made the upper layer liquid essentially ‘heavier’ than the lower layer at certain instances, even when the amplitude of acceleration of the external excitation was lower than that of gravity at all times. A dimensionless parameter ‘normalised effective gravitational acceleration’ (NEGA) was proposed to quantify the occurrence criterion of RT instability in a dynamic fluid system. Furthermore, simultaneous resonances at both the interface and the free surface were studied and reverse flows could be formed across the interface as the upper Faraday waves and lower Faraday waves moved in opposite directions, which generated the secondary interface instability of Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) type. When KH instability took place, more energy was transferred to higher frequency modes as time evolved.
Underground nuclear astrophysics experiment JUNA in China
- LIU WeiPing, LI ZhiHong, HE JiangJun, TANG XiaoDong, LIAN Gang, An Zhu, Chang JianJun, Chen LiHua, Chen Han, Chen QingHao, Chen XiongJun, Chen ZhiJun, Cui BaoQun, Du XianChao, Fu ChangBo, Gan Lin, Guo Bing, He GuoZhu, Heger Alexander, Hou SuQing, Huang HanXiong, Huang Ning, Jia BaoLu, Jiang LiYang, Kubono Shigeru, Li JianMin, Li KuoAng, Li Tao, Li YunJu, Lugaro Maria, Luo XiaoBing, Ma HongYi, Ma ShaoBo, Mei DongMing, Qian YongZhong, Qin JiuChang, Ren Jie, Shen YangPing, Su Jun, Sun LiangTing, Tan WanPeng, Tanihata Isao, Wang Shuo, Wang Peng, Wang YouBao, Wu Qi, Xu ShiWei, Yan ShengQuan, Yang LiTao, Yang Yao, Yu XiangQing, Yue Qian, Zeng Sheng, Zhang HuanYu, Zhang Hui, Zhang LiYong, Zhang NingTao, Zhang QiWei, Zhang Tao, Zhang XiaoPeng, Zhang XueZhen, Zhang ZiMing, Zhao Wei, Zhao Zuo, Zhou Chao
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 15 / Issue S350 / April 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 October 2020, pp. 313-320
- Print publication:
- April 2019
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Underground Nuclear Astrophysics in China (JUNA) will take the advantage of the ultra-low background in Jinping underground lab. High current accelerator with an ECR source and detectors were commissioned. JUNA plans to study directly a number of nuclear reactions important to hydrostatic stellar evolution at their relevant stellar energies. At the first period, JUNA aims at the direct measurements of 25Mg(p,γ)26 Al, 19F(p,α) 16 O, 13C(α, n) 16O and 12C(α,γ) 16O near the Gamow window. The current progress of JUNA will be given.
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