13 results
Evaluating variation in pre-operative evaluation and planning for children undergoing atrial or ventricular septal defect repair
- Catherine C. Dawson-Gore, Andrew Well, Scott Wallace, Elizabeth Teisberg, Christopher Born, Kathleen Carberry, Erin Gottlieb, Dudley Byron Holt, Charles D. Fraser, Jr., Carlos M. Mery
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 34 / Issue 1 / January 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2023, pp. 164-170
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Background:
CHD care is resource-intensive. Unwarranted variation in care may increase cost and result in poorer health outcomes. We hypothesise that process variation exists within the pre-operative evaluation and planning process for children undergoing repair of atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect and that substantial variation occurs in a small number of care points.
Methods:From interviews with staff of an integrated congenital heart centre, an initial process map was constructed. A retrospective chart review of patients with isolated surgical atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect repair from 7/1/2018 through 11/1/2020 informed revisions of the process map. The map was assessed for points of consistency and variability.
Results:Thirty-two surgical atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect repair patients were identified. Ten (31%) were reviewed by interventional cardiology before surgical review. Of these, 6(60%) had a failed catheter-based closure and 4 (40%) were deemed inappropriate for catheter-based closure. Thirty (94%) were reviewed in case conference, all attended surgical clinic, and none were admitted prior to surgery. The process map from interviews alone identified surgery rescheduling as a point of major variability; however, chart review revealed this was not as prominent a source of variability as pre-operative interventional cardiology review.
Conclusions:Significant variation in the pre-operative evaluation and planning process for surgical atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect patients was identified. If such process variation is widespread through CHD care, it may contribute to variations in outcome and cost previously documented within CHD surgery. Future research will focus on determining whether the variation is warranted or unwarranted, associated health outcomes and cost variation attributed to these variations in care processes.
1 - Moving Peoples and Motion Pictures: Migration in Film and Other Media
- Edited by Deniz Bayrakdar, Robert Burgoyne
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- Book:
- Refugees and Migrants in Contemporary Film, Art and Media
- Published by:
- Amsterdam University Press
- Published online:
- 30 April 2022
- Print publication:
- 15 February 2022, pp 27-50
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Summary
Abstract
Nearly from the start, cinema has registered, dramatized, and produced images of migration and its attendant anxieties. Indeed, movies have been fuelled by the movements of peoples thanks to the striking stories and images these always engender. After glancing at two distinct efforts in the 1960s in which cinema aimed to capture a mass phenomenon for a mass audience (one from Classic Hollywood, the other from the periphery of India), I will interrogate 21st-century strategies to come to terms with what the art form's limitations may be. Can cinema get its arms around something so complex, multidimensional, and contested as migration? Jia Zhangke's success in bringing internal Chinese migration to light may not be easily replicated by filmmakers in other nations faced with migration issues that cluster at their borders. Perhaps other art forms are naturally more capable in this regard. To isolate what cinema has done best, however, I will draw attention to films set on the edges of Europe.
Keywords: migration, periphery, China, media specificity
I dropped out of the sky into Turkey in May 2019, surprised to be landing on the longest runway at what would become the largest airport in the world, and surely the most spacious and ornate. The New Airport was just three weeks old. I cannot help but compare my descent into luxury to the most stunning shot in Ai Weiwei's Human Flow (2017), when his camera descends from the cloud on its drone into the midst of refugees who spread out to make room for it to settle among them. The construction of Turkey's outsized airport began in 2013—when the country also developed its 25 immigration centres now holding over two million refugees, by far the largest number of any country in the world. Debates rage about the conditions in those camps; unlike at the airport, those who arrive seldom find a connecting flight to another country. Since its March 2016 deal with Turkey, Europe pays for what was meant to be the Turkish buffer.
Audit of pharmacological management of borderline personality disorder as per NICE clinical guidelines CG78
- Bethany Dudley, Shakina Bellam, Andrew Lawrie
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue S1 / June 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 June 2021, p. S319
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Aims
To audit the current practice of pharmacological management of Borderline Personality Disorder with NICE Clinical guideline [CG78]: Borderline personality disorder:
Objectives:
23 patient records were analysed in the last 18months with a diagnosis of EUPD to compare current practice against NICE clinical guidance. (2009)
Standards:
When prescribing
1) Use a single drug.
2) Use the minimum effective dose.
3) Agree with the person the target symptoms, monitoring arrangements and anticipated duration of treatment. Antipsychotic drugs should not be used for medium, long term treatment.
Indication:
4) Drug treatment should not be used specifically for borderline personality disorder or for the individual symptoms or behaviour associated. (Repeated self-harm, marked emotional instability, risk taking behaviour and transient psychotic symptoms).
5) Short-term use of sedative medication may be considered cautiously as part of the overall treatment plan in a crisis. The duration of treatment should be no longer than 1 week.
6) When considering drug treatment, provide the person with written material about the drug. This should include evidence for the drug's effectiveness in the treatment of borderline personality disorder and for any comorbid condition, and potential harm.
Review:
7) Review the effectiveness and tolerability of previous and current treatments.
8) Discontinue ineffective treatments.
BackgroundBorderline Personality Disorder is common in psychiatric settings with a reported prevalence of 20%.
As per NICE Guidance (CG 78), no medications have been found effective for the longer term treatment of personality difficulties.
This audit was carried out to review if patients were offered psychiatric reviews to discuss the medications they are using, the effectiveness of these, and any potential side effects.
ResultGood practice compliance of 90-100% was noted where >90% compliance was seen in areas where the effectiveness and tolerability of current and previous medication was reviewed by the clinicians under Structured Clinical Management. Also was noted that antipsychotics were not used for medium to long term in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder in the cohort.
The following areas were non-compliant with the NICE recommendations where a compliance <79% has been achieved.
When prescribing, use a single drug (avoid polypharmacy), agree target symptoms, monitoring and duration, provide written information, discuss evidence for effectiveness in treatment of borderline personality disorder.
Partial compliance was achieved (80-89%) with use of sedatives for less than 1 week and discontinuation of ineffective treatment.
ConclusionDistribute key cards to clinicians.
Provide written information to patients.
Re-audit in 6 months.
22511 Glycolipid-loaded nanoparticles harness iNKT cells for tumor immunotherapy
- Travis Shute, Elizabeth Dudley, Andrew Lai, Briana Salas, Brandy Vincent, Daniel Angel, Kelly Nash, Elizabeth Leadbetter
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 5 / Issue s1 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 March 2021, p. 2
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: My work is on the development of a novel tumor immunotherapy to treat various types of cancer OBJECTIVES/GOALS: As iNKT cells can have direct and indirect killing effects on tumor cells, we propose a novel strategy for activating iNKT cells, via a PLGA nanoparticle delivery platform, to promote anti-tumor immune responses. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles can be reproducibly loaded with an iNKT cell glycolipid agonist, alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), and a tumor associated antigen, ovalbumin (OVA). We then test our nanoP prophylactically and therapeutically against a murine model of melanoma, B16F10-OVA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: These dual-loaded PLGA nanoparticles rapidly activate iNKT cells in vivo to produce IFNgamma. Furthermore, in an in vivo model of melanoma, using B16F10-OVA cells, both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of nanoparticles containing αGalCer and OVA led to decreased tumor cell growth and increased survival. We also show our nanoparticle therapy has synergistic potential with clinically used immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4, indicated by the significance increase in survival and lower tumor growth rate of ICB +nanoP treated mice compared to either ICB or nanoP alone. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This novel delivery system provides a platform with tremendous potential to harness iNKT cells for cancer immunotherapy purposes against many cancer types.
Preliminary Psychometrics for the Executive Function Challenge Task: A Novel, “Hot” Flexibility, and Planning Task for Youth
- Lauren Kenworthy, Andrew Freeman, Allison Ratto, Katerina Dudley, Kelly K. Powell, Cara E. Pugliese, John F. Strang, Alyssa Verbalis, Laura G. Anthony
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 26 / Issue 7 / August 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 March 2020, pp. 725-732
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Objective:
Executive functions (EF) drive health and educational outcomes and therefore are increasingly common treatment targets. Most treatment trials rely on questionnaires to capture meaningful change because ecologically valid, pediatric performance-based EF tasks are lacking. The Executive Function Challenge Task (EFCT) is a standardized, treatment-sensitive, objective measure which assesses flexibility and planning in the context of provocative social interactions, making it a “hot” EF task.
Method:We investigate the structure, reliability, and validity of the EFCT in youth with autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder; n = 129), or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with flexibility problems (n = 93), and typically developing (TD; n = 52) youth.
Results:The EFCT can be coded reliably, has a two-factor structure (flexibility and planning), and adequate internal consistency and consistency across forms. Unlike a traditional performance-based EF task (verbal fluency), it shows significant correlations with parent-reported EF, indicating ecological validity. EFCT performance distinguishes youth with known EF problems from TD youth and is not significantly related to visual pattern recognition, or social communication/understanding in autistic children.
Conclusions:The EFCT demonstrates adequate reliability and validity and may provide developmentally appropriate, treatment-sensitive, and ecologically valid assessment of “hot” EF in youth. It can be administered in controlled settings by masked administrators.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Structural Characterization of Lateral-grown 6H-SiC a/m-plane Seed Crystals by Hot Wall CVD Epitaxy
- Ouloide Yannick Goue, Balaji Raghothamachar, Michael Dudley, Andrew J. Trunek, Philip G. Neudeck, Andrew A. Woodworth, David J. Spry
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1693 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2014, mrss14-1693-dd01-03
- Print publication:
- 2014
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The performance of commercially available silicon carbide (SiC) power devices is limited due to inherently high density of screw dislocations (SD), which are necessary for maintaining polytype during boule growth and commercially viable growth rates. The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has recently proposed a new bulk growth process based on axial fiber growth (parallel to the c-axis) followed by lateral expansion (perpendicular to the c-axis) for producing multi-faceted m-plane SiC boules that can potentially produce wafers with as few as one SD per wafer. In order to implement this novel growth technique, the lateral homoepitaxial growth expansion of a SiC fiber without introducing a significant number of additional defects is critical. Lateral expansion is being investigated by hot wall chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) growth of 6H-SiC a/m-plane seed crystals (0.8mm x 0.5mm x 15mm) designed to replicate axially grown SiC single crystal fibers. The post-growth crystals exhibit hexagonal morphology with approximately 1500 μm (1.5 mm) of total lateral expansion. Preliminary analysis by synchrotron white beam x-ray topography (SWBXT) confirms that the growth was homoepitaxial, matching the polytype of the respective underlying region of the seed crystal. Axial and transverse sections from the as-grown crystal samples were characterized in detail by a combination of SWBXT, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy to map defect types and distribution. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the seed crystal contained stacking disorders and this appears to have been reproduced in the lateral growth sections. Analysis of the relative intensity for folded transverse acoustic (FTA) and optical (FTO) modes on the Raman spectra indicate the existence of stacking faults (SFs). Further, the density of stacking faults is higher in the seed than in the grown crystal. Bundles of dislocations are observed propagating from the seed in m-axis lateral directions. Contrast extinction analysis of these dislocation lines reveals they are edge type basal plane dislocations that track the growth direction. Polytype phase transition and stacking faults were observed by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), in agreement with SWBXT and Raman scattering.
Characterization of 4H <000-1> Silicon Carbide Films Grown by Solvent-Laser Heated Floating Zone
- Andrew A. Woodworth, Ali Sayir, Philip G. Neudeck, Balaji Raghothamachar, Michael Dudley
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1433 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2012, mrss12-1433-h04-14
- Print publication:
- 2012
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Commercially available bulk silicon carbide (SiC) has a high number (>2000/cm2) of screw dislocations (SD) that have been linked to degradation of high-field power device electrical performance properties. Researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center have proposed a method to mass-produce significantly higher quality bulk SiC. In order for this bulk growth method to become reality, growth of long single crystal SiC fibers must first be achieved. Therefore, a new growth method, Solvent-Laser Heated Floating Zone (Solvent-LHFZ), has been implemented. While some of the initial Solvent-LHFZ results have recently been reported, this paper focuses on further characterization of grown crystals and their growth fronts. To this end, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) depth profiles, cross section analysis by focused ion beam (FIB) milling and mechanical polishing, and orientation and structural characterization by X-ray transmission Laue diffraction patterns and X-ray topography were used. Results paint a picture of a chaotic growth front, with Fe incorporation dependant on C concentration.
“The law recognizes racial instinct”: Tucker v. Blease and the Black–White Paradigm in the Jim Crow South
- John W. Wertheimer, Jessica Bradshaw, Allyson Cobb, Harper Addison, E. Dudley Colhoun, Samuel Diamant, Andrew Gilbert, Jeffrey Higgs, Nicholas Skipper
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- Journal:
- Law and History Review / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / May 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 May 2011, pp. 471-495
- Print publication:
- May 2011
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On January 24, 1913, the trustees of the Dalcho School, a segregated, all-white public school in Dillon County, South Carolina, summarily dismissed Dudley, Eugene, and Herbert Kirby, ages ten, twelve, and fourteen, respectively. According to testimony offered in a subsequent hearing, the boys had “always properly behaved,” were “good pupils,” and “never …exercise[d] any bad influence in school.” Moreover, the boys’ overwhelmingly white ancestry, in the words of the South Carolina Supreme Court, technically “entitled [them] to be classified as white,” according to state law. Nevertheless, because local whites believed that the Kirbys were “not of pure Caucasian blood,” and that therefore their removal was in the segregated school's best interest, the court, in Tucker v. Blease (1914), upheld their expulsion.
Sublimation Growth and Defect Characterization of AlN Single Crystals
- Shaoping Wang, Balaji Raghothamachar, Michael Dudley, Zaiyuan Ren, Jung Han, Andrew G. Timmerman
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1040 / 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 1040-Q03-01
- Print publication:
- 2007
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In this paper, we report results from AlN single crystal growth experiments using a sublimation physical vapor transport growth technique. AlN single crystal boules up to 7mm in diameter were demonstrated. Characterization of polished AlN single crystal samples was carried out using various techniques, including synchrotron X-ray topography.
Crystal Growth and Defect Characterization of AlN Single Crystals
- Shaoping Wang, Balaji Raghothamachar, Michael Dudley, Andrew G. Timmerman
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 892 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 0892-FF30-06
- Print publication:
- 2005
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In this paper, we report results from seeded AlN PVT growth experiments carried out using SiC seeds. The purpose of the experiments was to understand the morphology and crystalline quality of PVT AlN crystals grown under the crystal growth environments investigated. AlN single crystal films of 120-650μm in thickness were grown and freestanding AlN single crystal pieces up to 4×5mm2 were obtained. Surface morphologies and crystal defects in these AlN single crystals were studied using optical microscopy. Selected AlN single crystals were studied using a high-resolution triple-axis X-ray diffraction technique and a Synchrotron White Beam X-ray Diffraction Topography technique. Defects identified in AlN crystals are cracks, dislocations, grain boundaries and crystallite inclusions.
Structural characterization of a mutant peptide derived from ubiquitin: Implications for protein folding
- ROSA ZERELLA, PEI-YEH CHEN, PHILIP A. EVANS, ANDREW RAINE, DUDLEY H. WILLIAMS
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- Journal:
- Protein Science / Volume 9 / Issue 11 / November 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 December 2000, pp. 2142-2150
- Print publication:
- November 2000
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The formation of the N-terminal β-hairpin of ubiquitin is thought to be an early event in the folding of this small protein. Previously, we have shown that a peptide corresponding to residues 1–17 of ubiquitin folds autonomously and is likely to have a native-like hairpin register. To investigate the causes of the stability of this fold, we have made mutations in the amino acids at the apex of the turn. We find that in a peptide where Thr9 is replaced by Asp, U(1–17)T9D, the native conformation is stabilized with respect to the wild-type sequence, so much so that we are able to characterize the structure of the mutant peptide fully by NMR spectroscopy. The data indicate that U(1–17)T9D peptide does indeed form a hairpin with a native-like register and a type I turn with a G1 β-bulge, as in the full-length protein. The reason for the greater stability of the U(1–17)T9D mutant remains uncertain, but there are nuclear Overhauser effects between the side chains of Asp9 and Lys11, which may indicate that a charge–charge interaction between these residues is responsible.
The “Three Ages” of Cinema Studies and the Age to Come
- Dudley Andrew
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- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 115 / Issue 3 / May 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 341-351
- Print publication:
- May 2000
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The october 1999 job list prepared by the society for cinema studies has just appeared: fifty-one teaching positions involving film. What does it mean that only ten of these are situated in designated film programs, while thirty-six are hosted by departments of literature, primarily English? It means, among other things, that departments of literature are redefining and deregulating themselves. They may have cautiously welcomed film for a half century but hardly at this scale: fifty-one open positions suggest hundreds of positions permanently in place and thousands of students studying this subject each year. The confidence the humanities shows in this field is shared by most of my students, who are younger than cinema studies and must sense it to be, if not august, at least well established, rather as English seemed when I majored in it and assumed it to be as old as England. However, any census of course catalogs reveals cinema's uncertain location and function from campus to campus, posing questions of general expectations and standards—indeed, putting in question the definition of cinema studies. Evidently universities want to offer film. Bravo! But in what manner and for what purpose? What “qualifies” the hundreds of applicants applying for these fifty-one positions? Where did they gain their expertise or self-confidence?