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Supporting companies to reform nutrition policies and practices (REFORM): a multi-centre cluster randomised controlled trial
- C. Ni Mhurchu, G. Sacks, J. Chan, S. Schultz, S. Shen, J. Marshall, J. Grey, C. Haliburton, Y. Jiang, H. Eyles, L. Young
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 83 / Issue OCE1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 May 2024, E64
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Unhealthy food environments are major drivers of obesity and diet-related diseases(1). Improving the healthiness of food environments requires a widespread organised response from governments, civil society, and industry(2). However, current actions often rely on voluntary participation by industry, such as opt-in nutrition labelling schemes, school/workplace food guidelines, and food reformulation programmes. The aim of the REFORM study is to determine the effects of the provision of tailored support to companies on their nutrition-related policies and practices, compared to food companies that are not offered the programme (the control). REFORM is a two-country, parallel cluster randomised controlled trial. 150 food companies were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to receive either a tailored support intervention programme or no intervention. Randomisation was stratified by country (Australia, New Zealand), industry sector (fast food, other packaged food/beverage companies), and company size. The primary outcome is the nutrient profile (measured using Health Star Rating [HSR]) of foods and drinks produced by participating companies at 24 months post-baseline. Secondary outcomes include company nutrition policies and commitments, the nutrient content (sodium, sugar, saturated fat) of products produced by participating companies, display of HSR labels, and engagement with the intervention. Eighty-three eligible intervention companies were invited to take part in the REFORM programme and 21 (25%) accepted and were enrolled. Over 100 meetings were held with company representatives between September 2021 and December 2022. Resources and tailored reports were developed for 6 touchpoints covering product composition and benchmarking, nutrition labelling, consumer insights, nutrition policies, and incentives for companies to act on nutrition. Detailed information on programme resources and preliminary 12-month findings will be presented at the conference. The REFORM programme will assess if provision of tailored support to companies on their nutrition-related policies and practices incentivises the food industry to improve their nutrition policies and actions.
Vitamin K1 intake and incident diabetes in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health study
- P. Pokharel, J.W. Bellinge, F. Dalgaard, K. Murray, M. Sim, B. Yeap, E. Connolly, L. Blekkenhorst, C. Bondonno, J. Lewis, G. Gislason, A. Tjønneland, K. Overvad, J. Hodgson, C. Schultz, N. Bondonno
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 82 / Issue OCE2 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 March 2023, E177
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Study of pure and mixed clustered noble gas puffs irradiated with a high intensity (7 × 1019 W/cm2) sub-ps laser beam and achievement of a strong X-ray flash in a laser-generated debris-free X-ray source
- K. A. Schultz, V. L. Kantsyrev, A. S. Safronova, V. V. Shlyaptseva, E. E. Petkov, I. K. Shrestha, M. C. Cooper, G. M. Petrov, A. Stafford, C. J. Butcher, G. E. Kemp, J. Park, K. B. Fournier
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- Journal:
- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 37 / Issue 3 / September 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2019, pp. 276-287
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We present a broad study of linear, clustered, noble gas puffs irradiated with the frequency doubled (527 nm) Titan laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Pure Ar, Kr, and Xe clustered gas puffs, as well as two mixed-gas puffs consisting of KrAr and XeKrAr gases, make up the targets. Characterization experiments to determine gas-puff density show that varying the experimental parameter gas-delay timing (the delay between gas puff initialization and laser-gas-puff interaction) provides a simple control over the gas-puff density. X-ray emission (>1.4 keV) is studied as a function of gas composition, density, and delay timing. Xe gas puffs produce the strongest peak radiation in the several keV spectral region. The emitted radiation was found to be anisotropic, with smaller X-ray flux observed in the direction perpendicular to both laser beam propagation and polarization directions. The degree of anisotropy is independent of gas target type but increases with photon energy. X-ray spectroscopic measurements estimate plasma parameters and highlight their difference with previous studies. Electron beams with energy in excess of 72 keV are present in the noble gas-puff plasmas and results indicate that Ar plays a key role in their production. A drastic increase in harder X-ray emissions (X-ray flash effect) and multi-MeV electron-beam generation from Xe gas-puff plasma occurred when the laser beam was focused on the front edge of the linear gas puff.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Progress in the development of superconducting quadrupoles for heavy ion fusion
- A. FALTENS, A. LIETZKE, G. SABBI, P. SEIDL, S. LUND, B. MANAHAN, N. MARTOVETSKY, C. GUNG, J. MINERVINI, J. SCHULTZ, L. MYATT, R. MEINKE
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 20 / Issue 4 / October 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 April 2003, pp. 617-620
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The heavy ion fusion program is developing single aperture superconducting quadrupoles based on NbTi conductor, for use in the High Current Experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Following the fabrication and testing of prototypes using two different approaches, a baseline design has been selected and further optimized. A prototype cryostat for a quadrupole doublet, with features to accommodate induction acceleration modules, is being fabricated. The single aperture magnet was derived from a conceptual design of a quadrupole array magnet for multibeam transport. Progress on the development of superconducting quadrupole arrays for future experiments is also reported.
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Photoassisted, Self-assembled Nanoparticle Films
- G. A. Gaddy, G. A. Miner, Diane M. Stoakley, Edward P. Locke, Rick L. Moore, John Schultz, Don Creyts, Michael Knotts
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 797 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, W5.17
- Print publication:
- 2003
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This paper presents research funded under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MetaMaterials program for design and development of nanoparticle based, mesoscale electromagnetic and optical materials. Specifically, we present results of formulation and near infrared measurement-model validation for photoassisted, self-assembled multilayer metallic nanoparticle films. The multilayer films may be used as optical filters and absorbers. We demonstrate that nanoparticles can be formed in advanced polymer films that exhibit new electromagnetic constitutive properties. Metal nanoparticle films are produced from a single homogeneous resin containing a soluble precursor. Films cast from doped resins are exposed to UV radiation followed by a controlled thermal cure. The combination of UV exposure and thermal curing creates a multiphase material composed of low volume fractions of dispersed metallic Pd clusters (10–20 nm in size) and high concentrations of Pd nanoparticles which form surface and embedded metallic layers in the films. The layer separation is a function of UV exposure. These materials show significant absorption in the optical and near IR region of the spectrum. Furthermore, these films exhibit mechanical properties similar to bi-metallic layers, specifically, the films display reversible bending with exposure to light and an accompanying rapid temperature increase. This paper presents formulation processes, optical-mechanical measurements and measurement model comparison.
TEM and XAS Characterization of Hard Magnetic Phase in Nd-Fe Alloys
- G. Kumar, J. Eckert, W. Löser, P. Schilling, E. Ma, C. Mickel, L. Schultz
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 806 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, MM3.2
- Print publication:
- 2003
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Nd80Fe20 alloys were prepared by copper mold casting and directional solidification (DS) to obtain a coarse microstructure, which can be identified unambigously. The mold-cast samples exhibit a fine globular eutectic structure and show high room temperature coercivity (∼ 5 kOe). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigations reveal the presence of fcc (a = 5.32 Å) Nd-rich and nanocrystalline non-cubic Fe-rich phases. The directionally solidified (DS) samples exhibit large grains (composition close to NdFe2). The NdFe2 grains (formed in the DS samples) show clear magnetic domains with uniaxial anisotropy indicating that the NdFe2-type phase observed in the present samples is not a cubic phase. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to analyze the local configuration around Fe atoms in the mold-cast samples. The XAS patterns do not match with the bcc and fcc standards, which supports the presence of NdFe2 phase with uniaxial symmetry in the DS samples.
Enhanced plasticity in a Ti-based bulk metallic glass-forming alloy by in situ formation of a composite microstructure
- G. He, W. Löser, J. Eckert, L. Schultz
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 17 / Issue 12 / December 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 3015-3018
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- December 2002
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A bulk metallic glass-forming Ti–Cu–Ni–Sn alloy with in situ formed composite microstructure prepared by both centrifugal and injection casting presents more than 6% plastic strain under compressive stress at room temperature. The in situ formed composite contains dendritic hexagonal-close-packed-Ti solid solution precipitates and a few Ti3Sn, β –(Cu, Sn) grains dispersed in a glassy matrix. The composite microstructure can avoid the development of the highly localized shear bands typical for the room-temperature deformation of monolithic glasses. Instead, highly developed shear bands with evident protuberance are observed, resulting in significant yielding and homogeneous plastic deformation over the entire sample.
Ductile Dendritic Phase Reinforced Ti-Base Bulk Metallic Glass-Forming Alloys
- G. He, J. Eckert, W. Löser, L. Schultz
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 754 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 February 2011, CC11.12
- Print publication:
- 2002
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Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) exhibit high strength but limited ductility due to their inhomogeneous deformation behavior under load, which seriously limits their application. To prevent the inhomogeneous deformation, attempts have been made by introducing in situ formed ductile dendritic phases in present study. Ti-base BMG-forming alloys were selected and modified by adding refractory metals Nb, Ta, Mo and Zr. Ductile dendrites / nanostructured matrix composites were synthesized which exhibit a plastic strain larger than 14% together with high strength (ultimate strength higher than 2400 MPa). The experimental results show evidence that shear banding is the main deformation mode in nanostructured matrix. The localized shear bands are limited in the inter-dendrite regions by micrometer-sized dendrites. The dendrites act as obstacles to limit the excessive deformation in the localized shear bands and contribute to the plasticity by dislocations.
Glass-forming Ability and Magnetic Properties of Nd70−xFe20Al10Cox Alloys
- G. J. Fan, W. Löser, S. Roth, J. Eckert, L. Schultz
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 15 / Issue 7 / July 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 1556-1563
- Print publication:
- July 2000
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The influence of Co addition on the glass-forming ability of slowly cooled Nd70-xFe20Al10Cox alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) was studied by x-ray diffraction, constant-rate heating calorimetry, and magnetic measurements. Without addition of Co, the as-cast Nd70Fe20Al10 cylinders of 3-mm diameter show a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases after copper mold casting. Increasing the Co content promotes amorphization, and bulk amorphous specimens can be obtained for Nd60Fe20Al10Co10. No glass transition or supercooled liquid region before crystallization was observed for the bulk Nd60Fe20Al10Co10 alloy. The bulk amorphous alloy exhibits hard magnetic behavior with a remanence (Jr) of 0.09 T, a magnetization (J1500) of 0.13 T, and a coercivity (Hc) of 298 kAm−1. The Curie temperature for the as-cast Nd70-xFe20Al10Cox cylinders increases from 480 K for x =0 to 487 K for x = 10. The enhanced glass-forming ability for the Nd–Fe–Al-based alloys upon Co addition will be critically discussed with respect to classical nucleation theory and the formation of metastable ordered clusters upon solidification.
Syntheses and Properties of k-Phase Organic Superconductors
- H. Hau Wang, K. D. Carlson, U. Geiser, A. M. Kini, A. J. Schultz, J. M. Williams, U. Welp, K. E. Darula, V. M. Hitsman, M. W. Lathrop, L. A. Megna, P. R. Mobley, G. A. Yaconi, J. E. Schirber, D. L. Overmyert
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 247 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 February 2011, 471
- Print publication:
- 1992
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The syntheses and physical properties of K-(ET)2CU[N(CN)2]X (X = Br and Cl) are summarized. The K-(ET)2Cu [N(CN)2] Br salt is the highest Tc radical-cation based ambient pressure organic superconductor (Tc = 11.6 K), and the K-(ET)2CU [N(CN)2] C1 salt becomes a superconductor at even higher Tc under 0.3 kbar hydrostatic pressure (Tc = 12.8 K). The similarities and differences between K-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br and K-(ET)2CU(NCS)2 (TC = 10.4 K) are presented. The X-ray structures at 127 K reveal that the S-S contacts shorten between ET dimers in the former compound while the S-S contacts shorten within dimers in the latter. The differences in their ESR linewidth behavior is also explained in terms of the structural differences. A semiconducting compound, (ET)Cu[N(CN)2]2, isolated during K-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl synthesis is also reported. The ESR measurements of the K-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl salt indicate that the phase transition near 40 K is similar to the spin density wave transition in (TMTSF)2SbF6. A new class of organic superconductors, K-(ET)2CU2(CN)3 and K-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3.δBrδ, is reported with Tc's of 2.8 K (1.5 kbar) and 2.6 K (1 kbar), respectively.
In Situ Crystallization Measurements on Fe-Zr Glasses Using an Automated High-Temperature Diffractometer with a Position Sensitive Detector
- G. Zorn, E. Hellstern, H. Göbel, L. Schultz
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- Journal:
- Advances in X-ray Analysis / Volume 30 / 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 March 2019, pp. 483-491
- Print publication:
- 1986
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Metallic glasses are mostly produced by fast quenching from a melt. The glass forming composition range in binary materials is thereby restricted to the area around eutectics. The production of metal-metal binary glasses in a much wider composition range is possible by employing a technique called 'mechanical alloying'. Using this technique the metallic class is produced as a powder which can be manufactured into any shape to make use of the properties the material exhibits in the amorphous state. During compacting, and also in some applications of the finished product, the glass has to endure elevated temperatures which might cause devitrification. Since this crystallization of a metallic glass usually results in the loss of properties essential for a certain application it is necessary to investigate this crystallization behaviour and thus receive information about a material's prospective performance in a particular application.
Nonmontmorillonitic Composition of Some Bentonite Beds
- L. G. Schultz
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- Journal:
- Clays and clay minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) / Volume 11 / February 1962
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 169-177
- Print publication:
- February 1962
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Although the wide range of minerals resulting from alteration of tuffaceous rocks under hydrothermal and weathering conditions is well known, the extent of variation in composition of discrete bentonite beds subjected only to normal diagenesis and compaction is perhaps less well known.
Three bentonite samples from the Atoka Formation of Pennsylvanian age are predominantly mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite with subordinate kaolinite. Most bentonites in the Fierre Shale of Late Cretaceous age are entirely montmorillonite, but a few contain some kaolinite; one is predominantly kaolinite; some also contain appreciable interlayer Al(OH)3 or Mg(OH)2 forming a mixed-layer montmorillonite-chlorite clay; several are composed of considerable clinoptilolite, and one is largely phillipsite. Bentonite beds in the Carmel Formation of Middle and Late Jurassic age differ among themselves in composition; in a few, illite is the dominant clay; in others, mixed-layer chlorite-montmorillonite-illite in different proportions is the dominant clay; kaolinite is common and makes up nearly half of one sample. A rhyolite tuff near Denver, Colorado, has been altered to halloysite. Reasons for variation in the composition of these bentonites are only partly understood.