14 results
8 Detection of Feigned ADHD through an Experimental MMPI-2 ADHD Validity Scale among U.S. Military Veterans
- Christopher T. Burley, Timothy J. Arentsen, Jennifer S. Seeley McGee, Katie M. Califano, Holly R. Winiarski, Marcy C. Adler, Brad L. Roper
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 693-694
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Objective:
The prevalence of ADHD diagnoses more than doubled in VA settings between 2009 and 2016 (Hale et al., 2020). However, attentional difficulties are not exclusive to ADHD and can also be seen in non-neurodevelopmental disorders, including depression, anxiety, substance use, and PTSD (Marshall et al., 2018, Suhr et al., 2008). Further, patients can easily feign symptoms of ADHD with few available instruments for accurate detection (Robinson & Rogers, 2018). Given the significant symptom overlap and rising rates of reported ADHD among Veterans, accurate detection of feigned ADHD is essential.
This study examined the utility of the experimental Dissimulation ADHD scale (Ds-ADHD; Robinson & Rogers, 2018) on the MMPI-2, in detecting feigned ADHD presentation within a mixed sample of Veterans.
Participants and Methods:In this retrospective study, 173 Veterans (Mage = 36.18, SDage = 11.10, Medu = 14.01, SDedu = 2.11, 88% male, 81% White, and 17% Black) were referred for neuropsychological evaluation of ADHD that included the MMPI-2 and up to 10 PVTs. Participants were assigned to a credible group (n=146) if they passed all PVTs or a non-credible group (n=27) if they failed two or more PVTs. Group assignment was also clinically confirmed. The Ds-ADHD was used to differentiate groups who either had credible or non-credible performance on cognitive measures. Consistent with Robinson and Rogers’ study, “true” answers (i.e., erroneous stereotypes) were coded as 1 and “false” answers were coded as 2, creating a 10- to 20-point scale. Lower scores were associated with a higher likelihood of a feigned ADHD presentation.
Results:Preliminary analyses revealed no significant group differences in age, education, race, or gender (ps > .05). An ANOVA indicated a significant difference between groups (F[1, 171] = 10.44, p = .001; Cohen’s d = .68) for Ds-ADHD raw scores; Veterans in the non-credible group reported more “erroneous stereotypes” of ADHD (M raw score = 13.33, SD = 2.20) than those in the credible group (M = 14.82, SD = 2.20). A ROC analysis indicated AUC of .691 (95% CI = .58 to .80). In addition, a cut score of <12 resulted in specificity of 91.8% and sensitivity of 18.5%, whereas a cut score of <13 resulted in specificity of 83.6% and sensitivity of 44.4%.
Conclusions:The Ds-ADHD scale demonstrated significant differences between credible and non-credible respondents in a real-world setting. Previously, this scale has primarily been studied within laboratory settings. Further, results indicate a cut score of <12 could be used in order to achieve adequate specificity (i.e., >90%), which were similar findings to a study examining SVT-based groups (Winiarski et al., 2023). These results differ slightly from prior research by Robinson and Rogers (2018), who indicated a cut score of <13 based on the initial simulation-based study. In similar clinical settings, where there are high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, a cut score of <12 may prove clinically useful. However, this cut-score was associated with low sensitivity within this mixed Veteran sample. Further research should focus on replicating findings within other clinical settings, including ones with larger non-credible samples.
20 Clinical Utility of an Experimental Ds-ADHD Validity Scale in Detection of Feigned ADHD symptoms in a U.S. Military Population
- Holly R Winiarski, Timothy J Arentsen, Marcy C Adler, Christopher T Burley, Katie M Califano, Jennifer S Seeley-McGee, Brad L Roper
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, p. 703
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Objective:
Accurate identification of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is complicated by possible secondary gain, overlap of symptoms with psychiatric disorders, and face validity of measures (Suhr et al., 2011; Shura et al., 2017). To assist with diagnostic clarification, an experimental Dissimulation ADHD scale (Ds-ADHD; Robinson & Rogers, 2018) on the MMPI-2 was found to distinguish credible from non-credible respondents defined by Performance Validity Test (PVT)-based group assignment in Veterans (Burley et al., 2023). However, symptom and performance validity have been understood as unique constructs (Van Dyke et al., 2013), with Symptom Validity Tests (SVTs) more accurately identifying over-reporting of symptoms in ADHD (White et al., 2022). The current study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the Ds-ADHD scale using an SVT, namely the Infrequency Index of CAARS (CII; Suhr et al., 2011), for group assignment within a mixed sample of Veterans.
Participants and Methods:In this retrospective study, 187 Veterans (Mage = 36.76, SDage = 11.25, Medu = 14.02, SDedu = 2.10, 83% male, 19% black, 78% white) were referred for neuropsychological evaluation of ADHD and administered a battery that included internally consistent MMPI-2 and CAARS profiles. Veterans were assigned to a credible group (n=134) if CII was <21 or a non-credible group (n=53) if CII was >21. The Ds-ADHD scale was calculated for the MMPI-2. Consistent with Robinson and Rogers (2018), “true” answers (i.e., erroneous stereotypes) were coded as 1 and “false” answers were coded as 2, creating a 10- to 20-point scale. Lower scores were associated with a higher likelihood of a feigned ADHD presentation.
Results:Analyses revealed no significant differences in age, education, race, or gender (ps > .05) between credible and non-credible groups. An ANOVA indicated a significant difference between groups (F[1,185] = 24.78, p <.001; Cohen’s d = 0.80) for Ds-ADHD raw scores. Veterans in the non-credible group reported more “erroneous stereotypes” of ADHD (M raw score = 13.23, SD = 2.10) than those in the credible group (M = 14.94, SD = 2.13). A ROC analysis indicated AUC of .72 (95% CI = .64 to .80). In addition, a Ds-ADHD cut score of <12 resulted in specificity of 94.5% and sensitivity of 22.6%, whereas a cut score of <13 resulted in specificity of 85.8% and sensitivity of 50.9%. When analyzing other CII cut scores recommended in the literature, results were essentially similar. Specifically, analyses were repeated when group assignment was defined by cut score of CII<18 and by removing an intermediate group (CII = 18 to 21; n=24).
Conclusions:The Ds-ADHD scale demonstrated significant differences between credible and non-credible respondents in a Veteran population. Results suggest a cut score of <12 had adequate specificity (.95) with low sensitivity (.23). This is consistent with findings using PVTs for group assignment that indicated a cut score of <12 had adequate specificity (.92) with low sensitivity (.19; Burley et al., 2023). Taken together, findings suggest that the Ds-ADHD scale demonstrates utility in the dissociation of credible from non-credible responding. Further research should evaluate the utility of the scale in other clinical populations.
4 Risk Factor and Biomarker Correlates of FLAIR White Matter Hyperintensities in Former American Football Players
- Monica T Ly, Fatima Tuz-Zahra, Yorghos Tripodis, Charles H Adler, Laura J Balcer, Charles Bernick, Elaine Peskind, Megan L Mariani, Rhoda Au, Sarah J Banks, William B Barr, Jennifer V Wethe, Mark W Bondi, Lisa Delano-Wood, Robert C Cantu, Michael J Coleman, David W Dodick, Michael D McClean, Jesse Mez, Joseph N Palmisano, Brett Martin, Kaitlin Hartlage, Alexander P Lin, Inga K Koerte, Jeffrey L Cummings, Eric M Reiman, Martha E Shenton, Robert A Stern, Sylvain Bouix, Michael L Alosco
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 608-610
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Objective:
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is greater, has a frontal-temporal distribution, and is associated with proxies of exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) in former American football players. These findings suggest that in the context of RHI, WMH might have unique etiologies that extend beyond those of vascular risk factors and normal aging processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlates of WMH in former elite American football players. We examined markers of amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, inflammation, axonal injury, and vascular health and their relationships to WMH. A group of age-matched asymptomatic men without a history of RHI was included to determine the specificity of the relationships observed in the former football players.
Participants and Methods:240 male participants aged 45-74 (60 unexposed asymptomatic men, 60 male former college football players, 120 male former professional football players) underwent semi-structured clinical interviews, magnetic resonance imaging (structural T1, T2 FLAIR, and diffusion tensor imaging), and lumbar puncture to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers as part of the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project. Total WMH lesion volumes (TLV) were estimated using the Lesion Prediction Algorithm from the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox. Structural equation modeling, using Full-Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) to account for missing values, examined the associations between log-TLV and the following variables: total cortical thickness, whole-brain average fractional anisotropy (FA), CSF amyloid ß42, CSF p-tau181, CSF sTREM2 (a marker of microglial activation), CSF neurofilament light (NfL), and the modified Framingham stroke risk profile (rFSRP). Covariates included age, race, education, APOE z4 carrier status, and evaluation site. Bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals assessed statistical significance. Models were performed separately for football players (college and professional players pooled; n=180) and the unexposed men (n=60). Due to differences in sample size, estimates were compared and were considered different if the percent change in the estimates exceeded 10%.
Results:In the former football players (mean age=57.2, 34% Black, 29% APOE e4 carrier), reduced cortical thickness (B=-0.25, 95% CI [0.45, -0.08]), lower average FA (B=-0.27, 95% CI [-0.41, -.12]), higher p-tau181 (B=0.17, 95% CI [0.02, 0.43]), and higher rFSRP score (B=0.27, 95% CI [0.08, 0.42]) were associated with greater log-TLV. Compared to the unexposed men, substantial differences in estimates were observed for rFSRP (Bcontrol=0.02, Bfootball=0.27, 994% difference), average FA (Bcontrol=-0.03, Bfootball=-0.27, 802% difference), and p-tau181 (Bcontrol=-0.31, Bfootball=0.17, -155% difference). In the former football players, rFSRP showed a stronger positive association and average FA showed a stronger negative association with WMH compared to unexposed men. The effect of WMH on cortical thickness was similar between the two groups (Bcontrol=-0.27, Bfootball=-0.25, 7% difference).
Conclusions:These results suggest that the risk factor and biological correlates of WMH differ between former American football players and asymptomatic individuals unexposed to RHI. In addition to vascular risk factors, white matter integrity on DTI showed a stronger relationship with WMH burden in the former football players. FLAIR WMH serves as a promising measure to further investigate the late multifactorial pathologies of RHI.
31 The ADHD Dissimulation Scale (Ds- ADHD) on the MMPI-2-RF versus Established MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales
- Katie M Califano, Timothy J Arentsen, Holly R Winiarski, Christopher T Burley, Marcy C Adler, Jennifer S Seeley McGee, Brad L Roper
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 712-713
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Objective:
The MMPI-2-RF contains scales that assess different types of invalid response styles, especially potential symptom over-reporting (e.g., F-r, Fs, Fp-r, FBS-r, RBS). However, these scales are not designed to specifically capture noncredible symptoms reports associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Robinson & Rogers (2018) proposed the experimental Dissimulation ADHD validity scale (Ds-ADHD) on the MMPI-2-RF that was effective in distinguishing credible and non-credible ADHD diagnoses via a simulator-based study. Within the current study, the Ds-ADHD scale was compared to the established MMPI-2-RF validity scales within a mixed sample of U.S. Military Veterans.
Participants and Methods:173 Veterans (Mage = 36.18, SDage = 11.10, Medu = 14.01, SDedu = 2.11, 88% male, 81% White, 17% Black) completed a neuropsychological evaluation which included an internally consistent MMPI-2-RF profile and up to 10 performance validity tests (PVTs) as well as a question about a possible ADHD diagnosis. The credible group was determined if participants passed all PVTs (n=146) and completed at least 2 PVTs. The non-credible group was determined by failing two or more PVTs (n=27). Group assignment was clinically confirmed. The Ds-ADHD scale was calculated according to Robinson & Rogers’ (2018); responses of “true” (i.e., erroneous stereotypes) were coded as 1 and “false” answers were coded 2, creating a 10- to 20-point scale. Thus, lower scores would be associated with a higher likelihood of a feigned ADHD presentation. Other MMPI-2-RF validity scales of interest included F-r, Fs, Fp-r, FBS-r, and RBS.
Results:The established MMPI-2-RF validity scales were significantly correlated with PVT group membership, but correlations were weak to moderately strong (rS ranged from -.43 to -.18; ps < .05). A series of stepwise regression models were completed with the Ds-ADHD scale and one of the MMPI-2-RF validity scales as independent variables, with group membership as the dependent variable. Ds-ADHD) contributed uniquely to each model (CÜ ranged from .03 to .04, ps < .05). The established MMPI-2-RF validity scales effectively classified group membership (AUC values ranged from .57 to .68), and the Ds-ADHD scale had a marginally higher AUC (.69); however, it was not statistically significantly stronger than any of the established scales (ps > .05).
Conclusions:Clinicians interested in identifying potentially simulated ADHD presentations with the MMPI-2-RF may desire to calculate the Ds-ADHD scale, which previously only had support from a simulator-based study. The Ds-ADHD scale significantly contributed to each model, suggesting that it helped explain groups over and above each of the traditional MMPI-2-RF validity scales. However, it only had a marginally stronger ability to classify participants, indicating that there may be diminishing returns for clinicians. Among the traditional validity scales, RBS and F-r best classified groups, and FBS-r was the least effective. This study employed a cross-sectional design in a mixed sample of Veterans undergoing a neuropsychological evaluation. Future research should focus on replicating the findings using a credible sample that was limited to an independently verified diagnosis of ADHD.
Epidemiology and hospital readmission associated with complications of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in pediatrics over a 25-year period
- J. LE, Q. DAM, T. TRAN, A. NGUYEN, F. C. ADLER-SHOHET, S. KIM, K. SCHMIDT, J. M. LIEBERMAN, J. S. BRADLEY
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 145 / Issue 12 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 July 2017, pp. 2631-2639
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We sought to comprehensively assess the prevalence and outcomes of complications associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in children. Secondarily, prevalence of methicillin resistance and outcomes of complications from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) vs. methicillin-susceptible S. aureus SAB were assessed. This is a single-center cross-sectional study of 376 patients ⩽18 years old with SAB in 1990–2014. Overall, 197 (52%) patients experienced complications, the most common being osteomyelitis (33%), skin and soft tissue infection (31%), and pneumonia (25%). Patients with complications were older (median 3 vs. 0·7 years, P = 0·05) and more had community-associated SAB (66% vs. 34%, P = 0·001). Fewer patients with complications had a SAB-related emergency department or hospital readmission (10% vs. 19%, P = 0·014). Prevalence of methicillin resistance increased from 1990–1999 to 2000–2009, but decreased in 2010–2014. Complicated MRSA bacteremia resulted in more intensive care unit admissions (66% vs. 47%, P = 0·03) and led to increased likelihood of having ⩾2 foci (58% vs. 26%, P < 0·001). From multivariate analysis, community-associated SAB increased risk and concurrent infections decreased risk of complications (odds ratio (OR) 1·82 (1·1–3·02), P = 0·021) and (OR 0·58 (0·34–0·97), P = 0·038), respectively. In conclusion, children with SAB should be carefully evaluated for complications. Methicillin resistance remains associated with poor outcomes but have decreased in overall prevalence.
Contributors
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- By Andrew Adesman, Lenard A. Adler, Samuel Alperin, Kira E. Armstrong, L. Eugene Arnold, Amy F. T. Arnsten, Russell A. Barkley, Craig W. Berridge, Joseph Biederman, F. Xavier Castellanos, Barbara J. Coffey, Alison M. Cohn, C. Keith Conners, Joan M. Daughton, Stephen V. Faraone, John Fayyad, Lisa G. Hahn, Laura Hans, Elizabeth Hurt, Gagan Joshi, Rahil Jummani, Jesse M. Jun, Ronald C. Kessler, Scott Haden Kollins, Kimberly Kovacs, Christopher J. Kratochvil, Beth Krone, Nicholas Lofthouse, Michael J. Manos, Francis Joseph McClernon, Joel E. Morgan, Nicholas R. Morrison, Sonali Nanayakkara, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Phillip L. Pearl, Juan D. Pedraza, Guy M. L. Perry, Steven R. Pliszka, Jefferson B. Prince, J. Russell Ramsay, Anthony L. Rostain, David M. Shaw, Mary V. Solanto, Mark A. Stein, Jonathan R. Stevens, Brigette S. Vaughan, Margaret Weiss, Roy E. Weiss, Timothy E. Wilens, Janet Wozniak
- Edited by Lenard A. Adler, New York University School of Medicine, Thomas J. Spencer, Timothy E. Wilens
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- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults and Children
- Published online:
- 05 February 2015
- Print publication:
- 08 January 2015, pp vii-x
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- Edited by Steven Nadler, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Spinoza and Medieval Jewish Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 December 2014
- Print publication:
- 04 December 2014, pp vii-vii
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Book:
- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
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- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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- By Eric Adler, Anoushka Afonso, Dean B. Andropoulos, Adel Bassily-Marcus, Yaakov Beilin, Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, Howard H. Bernstein, Marc J. Bloom, David Bronheim, Albert T. Cheung, Samuel DeMaria, Deborah Dubensky, James B. Eisenkraft, Jonathan Elmer, Liza J. Enriquez, Jonathan Epstein, Jeffrey M. Feldman, Gregory W. Fischer, Brigid Flynn, Jennifer A. Frontera, Richard S. Gist, Glenn P. Gravlee, Christina L. Jeng, Ronald A. Kahn, Jenny Kam, Mukul Kapoor, Jung Kim, Roopa Kohli-Seth, Aaron F. Kopman, Tuula S. O. Kurki, Andrew B. Leibowitz, Matthew Levin, Adam I. Levine, Michael S. Lewis, Justin Lipper, Martin London, Michael L. McGarvey, Alexander J. C. Mittnacht, Timothy Mooney, Diana Mungall, Yasuharu Okuda, Peter J. Papadakos, Jayashree Raikhelkar, Lakshmi V. Ramanathan, David L. Reich, Meg A. Rosenblatt, Corey Scurlock, Tamas Seres, Linda Shore-Lesserson, Marc E. Stone, Daniel M. Thys, Judit Tolnai, David Wax, Nathaen Weitzel
- David L. Reich, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
- Edited by Ronald A. Kahn, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Alexander J. C. Mittnacht, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Andrew B. Leibowitz, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Marc E. Stone, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, James B. Eisenkraft, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
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- Monitoring in Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
- Published online:
- 05 July 2011
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- 08 August 2011, pp vii-ix
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- By Joanne R. Adler, David A. Alexander, Laurence Alison, Catherine C. Ayoub, Peter Banister, Anthony R. Beech, Amanda Biggs, Julian Boon, Adrian Bowers, Neil Brewer, Eric Broekaert, Paula Brough, Jennifer M. Brown, Kevin Browne, Elizabeth A. Campbell, David Canter, Michael Carlin, Shihning Chou, Martin A. Conway, Claire Cooke, David Cooke, Ilse Derluyn, Robert J. Edelmann, Vincent Egan, Tom Ellis, Marie Eyre, David P. Farrington, Seena Fazel, Daniel B. Fishman, Victoria Follette, Katarina Fritzon, Elizabeth Gilchrist, Nathan D. Gillard, Renée Gobeil, Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Lynsey Gozna, Don Grubin, Gisli H. Gudjonsson, Helinä Häkkänen-Nyholm, Guy Hall, Nathan Hall, Roisin Hall, Sean Hammond, Leigh Harkins, Grant T. Harris, Camilla Herbert, Robert D. Hoge, Todd E. Hogue, Clive R. Hollin, Lorraine Hope, Miranda A. H. Horvath, Kevin Howells, Carol A. Ireland, Jane L. Ireland, Mark Kebbell, Michael King, Bruce D. Kirkcaldy, Heidi La Bash, Cara Laney, William R. Lindsay, Elizabeth F. Loftus, L. E. Marshall, W. L. Marshall, James McGuire, Neil McKeganey, T. M. McMillan, Mary McMurran, Joav Merrick, Becky Milne, Joanne M. Nadkarni, Claire Nee, M. D. O’Brien, William O’Donohue, Darragh O’Neill, Jane Palmer, Adria Pearson, Derek Perkins, Devon L. L. Polaschek, Louise E. Porter, Charlotte C. Powell, Graham E. Powell, Martine Powell, Christine Puckering, Ethel Quayle, Vernon L. Quinsey, Marnie E. Rice, Randall Richardson-Vejlgaard, Richard Rogers, Louis B Schlesinger, Carolyn Semmler, G. A. Serran, Ralph C. Serin, John L. Taylor, Max Taylor, Brian Thomas-Peter, Paul A. Tiffin, Graham Towl, Rosie Travers, Arlene Vetere, Graham Wagstaff, Helen Wakeling, Fiona Warren, Brandon C. Welsh, David Wexler, Margaret Wilson, Dan Yarmey, Susan Young
- Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
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- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
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- 29 April 2010, pp xix-xxiii
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The Distinction of Punctelia Perreticulata and P. Subrudecta (Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales)
- M. T. Adler, T. Ahti
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- Journal:
- The Lichenologist / Volume 28 / Issue 5 / September 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2007, pp. 431-436
- Print publication:
- September 1996
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Punctelia perreticulata (Räsäanen) G. Wilh. & Ladd is recognized as a distinct species. The only consistent differences between P. perreticulata and P. subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog are the shape and length of conidia. Both species are widespread in the world. In P. perreticulata, there are differences in conidial length among the European, American and Australasian samples studied, but they neither correlate with differences observed in other morphological traits nor with the substratum. An epitype is selected to support the holotype of P. perreticulata, because its identity is uncertain due to the absence of conidia.
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy from H-Passivated Porous Si and Oxidized Si Nanocrystals
- S. Schuppler, S. L. Friedman, M. A. Marcus, D. L. Adler, Y.-H. Xie, F. M. Ross, T. D. Harris, W. L. Brown, Y. J. Chabal, P. J. Szajowski, E. E. Chaban, L. E. Brus, P. H. Citrin
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 375 / 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 113
- Print publication:
- 1994
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Quantum confinement in nanoscale Si structures is widely believed to be responsible for the visible luminescence observed from anodically etched porous silicon (por-Si), but little is known about the actual size or shape of these structures. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure data from a wide variety of por-Si samples show significantly reduced average Si coordination numbers due to the sizable contribution of surface-coordinated H. (The H/Si ratios, as large as 1.2, were independently confirmed by ir-absorption and α-recoil measurements.) The Si coordinations imply very large surface/volume ratios, enabling the average Si structures to be identified as crystalline particles (not wires) whose dimensions are typically <15 Å. Comparison of the size-dependent peak luminescence energies with those of oxidized Si nanocrystals, whose shapes are known, shows remarkable agreement. Furthermore, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure measurements of the nanocrystals shows the outer oxide and interfacial suboxide layers to be constant over a wide range of nanocrystal sizes. The combination of these results effectively rules out surface species as being responsible for the observed visible luminescence in por-Si, and strongly supports quantum confinement as the dominant mechanism occurring in Si particles which are substantially smaller than previously reported or proposed.
Size, Shape, and Crystallinity of Luminescent Structures in Oxidized Si Nanoclusters and H-Passivated Porous Si
- S. Schuppler, S. L. Friedman, M. A. Marcus, D.L. Adler, Y.-H. Xie, F. M. Ross, T. D. Harris, W.L. Brown, Y. J. Chabal, P. J. Szajowski, E. E. Chaban, L. E. Brus, P. H. Citrin
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 358 / 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2011, 407
- Print publication:
- 1994
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Near-edge and extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements from a wide variety of H-passivated porous Si samples and oxidized Si nanocrystals, combined with electron microscopy, ir-absorption, α-recoil, and luminescence emission data, provide a consistent structural picture of the species responsible for the luminescence observed in these systems. For luminescent porous Si samples peaking in the visible region, i. e., ≤700nm, their mass-weighted-average structures are determined here to be particles–not wires, whose short-range character is crystalline – not amorphous, and whose dimensions – typically <15 Å – are significantly smaller than previously reported or proposed. These results depend only on sample luminescence behavior, not on sample preparation details, and thus have general implications in describing the mechanism responsible for visible luminescence in porous silicon. New results are also presented which demonstrate that the observed luminescence is unrelated to either the photo-oxidized Si species in porous Si or the interfacial suboxide species in the Si nanocrystals.
Ir Laser-Induced Deposition of Silicon Thin Films
- T. R. Gattuso, M. Meunier, D. Adler, J. S. Haggerty
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 17 / 1982
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 215
- Print publication:
- 1982
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The deposition of a-Si:H by means of CO2 laser-induced pyrolysis of silane gas is described. Deposition rates were found to increase with increasing silane flow rate, reactor pressure, laser power and substrate temperature. Spin density decreased and both optical gap, and hydrogen content increased with decreasing substrate temperature. Electrical conductivities are reported.
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