5 results
Energy expenditure of flight crew of military transport aviation depending on function during typical training activities
- Bartosz Bertrandt, Roman Lakomy, Pawel Kler, Jerzy Bertrandt
-
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E638
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
The knowledge of energy expenditure during typical activities is the basic information to estimate nutritional requirements. This is especially important with irregular lifestyle, such as service in transport aviation. Aircraft personnel fly in every part of a day. Flights often take place with changes in climate and time zones. Time of flights fluctuated from a several dozen to a dozen hours.
AimThe aim of the work was to assess and compare the energy expenditure of military aircraft crews – “CASA C-295”, “ C-130 Hercules” and helicopter “W-3 Sokol” during typical air training activities.
Material & MethodThe study was conducted in a group of 31 members of flight crews. The energy expenditure was based on the examination of heart rate frequency with the Polar RS800 heart rate monitor.
ResultsThe study was conducted among crew members of various types of transports aircrafts. The average value of energy expenditure of the CASA pilots (n = 14) was 3,071 ± 0,84 kcal/min (training flight during the day, n = 10) and 5,64 ± 2,45 kcal/min (training flight during the night and in noctovision goggles, n = 4). In a group of flight technicians (n = 7) in aircraft Herules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 3,55 ± 1,83 kcal/min (passeneger reception and service). In a group of loadmasters (n = 6), in aircraft CASA and Hercules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 6,63 ± 1,55 kcal/min (baggage service, dropping paratroopers). The average energy expenditure in a group of paramedics (n = 4), which are members of helicopter W-3 Sokol crew was 8,51 ± 4,29 kcal/min (going down the rope, lifting wounded person from watercrafts).
ConclusionThe presented data show the variation in energy expenditure between groups, as well as within groups. The energy expenditure was varied depending on the function on board and on the conditions in which the tasks were performer. Obtained values of energy expenditures during flights allow to classify the work performed in the categories of work from light to heavy (according to the Christensen's classification). Nutrition in the study group should be adapted to the nature of the work performed.
The use of dietary supplements and the frequency of eating food among the soldiers of the Polish Army
- Anna Anyzewska, Roman Lakomy, Tomasz Lepionka, Ewa Szarska, Ewelina Maculewicz, Andrzej Tomczak, Jerzy Bertrandt
-
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E534
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Introduction:
The nutritional supplement market has been growing continuously in the last decades. Dietary supplements has become more and more consumed every day. Epidemiological studies have been shown that supplements users tend to have better health-related behaviors, especially a healthier nutritional intake. The aim of the study was to assess frequency of consumption of selected groups of products depending on the use of dietary supplements by soldiers of the Polish Army.
Materials and methods:Six hundred and forty seven male soldiers completed an supplements usage questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire assessing information over the previous 12 months. U Mann Whitney test was used to compare food-frequency consumption of 61 groups of products and supplements usage.
Results and discussion:From the 647 male soldiers (aged: 31 ± 7; years of service: 9 ± 7), 38% reported supplements usage. Statistically relevant at an accepted level p < 0.05 supplements usage differentiated the frequency of consumption of 36 of the analyzed 61 groups of products. Compared with supplements non-users, soldiers using dietary supplements were more likely to consume daily fruits such as kiwi fruit and citrus (p = 0.003); bananas (p < 0.001); avocado (p = 0.004); olives (p = 0.006); dried fruits (0.004); vegetables – all types (p < 0.001); crucifers (p = 0.020); yellow-orange vegetables (p < 0.001); green leafy vegetables (p = 0.001); tomatoes (p = 0.010);wholegrain bread (p = 0.002); groats (p < 0.001); milk and milk drinks (p = 0.003); eggs (p < 0.001); lean fish (p = 0.002); oily fish (p = 0.004) and nuts (p = 0.003). Sweets such as sugar to sweeten beverages (p = 0.001); chocolate, chocolate candies and candy bars (p = 0.004); non chocolate candies (p = 0.028); biscuits and cakes (p = 0.003); salty snacks (p = 0.005); white bread (p < 0.001); fats such as margarine (p = 0.005); cream, sweet or sour cream (p = 0.037); mayonnaise and dressings (p = 0.002); potatoes (p = 0.008), sausages (p = 0.048), sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.001), wine and alcohol drinks (p = 0.035) were less often consumed by supplements users than supplements non-users. Diets of supplement users were more in line with current recommendations on healthy eating. Perhaps, soldiers who were using supplements were probably the ones who would least benefit from it. It is necessary to take educational activities in the field of health promotion of soldiers, with a focus on nutrition and the principles for the safe use of, as well as to motivate soldiers to respect basic principles of proper nutrition.
Influence of a diet and physical activity on the nutritional status of soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry units
- Jerzy Bertrandt, Anna Anyzewska, Roman Lakomy, Tomasz Lepionka, Ewa Szarska, Ewelina Maculewicz, Andrzej Tomczak
-
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E415
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Research from recent years indicate a problem of excessive body weight among soldiers, who due to the kind of carried out work should reveal the best health and fitness. Moreover, proper nutritional status in case of soldiers is extremely important, as it significantly affects their physical fitness. The aim of the study was to determine impact of the diet and physical activity on selected indicators of protein-energy and mineral nutritional status.
Materials and methodsOne hundred and twenty male soldiers (aged: 28 ± 5; years of service: 5 ± 5), serving completed validated for Polish population the Food Frequency Questionnaire and long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Body composition was determined by an electric bioimpedance method (TANITA MC-780) and bone mineral density of forearm bone of the non-dominant hand was assessed by the DEXA densitometric method, using apparatus EXA 3000.
Results and discussionThis study confirmed the impact of both the diet and physical activity on selected measures of soldiers’ nutritional status, i.e. fat mass index and bone mineral density. Out of selected 61 products negative correlation between FMI and frequency of apples and pears consumption (r = -0.23, p = 0,023), and positive correlation with frequency of beer (r = 0.20, p = 0.049) and vodka and spirits drinking (r = 0.26, p = 0.010) consumption were found. While the T-score value positively correlated with frequency of tropical fruits (r = 0.23, p = 0.024), avocado (r = 0.25, p = 0.014), fine-grained not refined groats (r = 0.22, p = 0.030) and eggs (r = 0.29, p = 0.004) consumption. A negative correlation was found for frequency of refined bread (r = -0.24, p = 0.019), sausages(r = -0.35, p < 0.023), high-quality cold cuts (r = -0.25, p = 0.014, sugar to sweeten beverages (r = -0.31, p = 0.002), biscuits and cakes (r = -0.23, p = 0.016), salty snacks (r = -0.23, p = 0.023), fruit juices and nectars (r = -0.28, p = 0.005) and sugar-sweetened beverages (r = -0.34, p = 0.001). A negative correlation with FMI (r = -0.22, p = 0.036) for weekly physical activity expressed in MET-minutes/week was found. Positive correlations were found between T-score value and physical activity expressed in MET-minutes per week in total, housework, house maintenance and caring for family (r = 0.22; p = 0.040), and recreation, sport and physical activity in leisure time (r = 0.25, p = 0.019), as well as moderate physical activity (r = 0.28, p = 0.008) and intense one (r = 0.21, p = 0.046). The founded abnormalities in nutritional status, as well as numerous nutritional errors indicate a need for further monitoring of this group of soldiers, not only in terms of accuracy of nutritional status, their diet and physical activity, but also wider understood health behavior
Nutritional status assessment of the Polish Border Guards officers – Body Mass Index or Fat Mass Index?
- Anna Anyzewska, Roman Lakomy, Tomasz Lepionka, Ewa Szarska, Ewelina Maculewicz, Izabela Bolczyk, Andrzej Tomczak, Jerzy Bertrandt
-
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E385
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Introduction:
Border Guards service requirements are very specific. Very good health and excellent psycho-physical condition are the main factors that determine effectiveness and reliability of designated tasks. Disorders of nutritional status, such as underweight, overweight or obesity not only impairs well-being, but also are health problem associated with limitation of possibilities to perform Border Guard's tasks and duties and can lead to earlier elimination from the service. The aim of the study was to assess nutritional status, using two indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI).
Materials and methods:The study was carried out with participation of 259 Border Guards (64 women and 195 men), aged 38 ± 6; years of service: 12 ± 6. An electric bioimpedance method (TANITA MC-780) was used to determine body composition. Body Mass Index (BMI [kg/m2] = body mass [kg] / height2 [m2]) and Fat Mass Index FMI [kg/m2] = fat mass [kg] / height2 [m2]) were calculated for each of the participants.
Results and discussion:Examined group of Polish Border Guards officers was characterized by a large variety of assessed anthropometric indicators. According to the BMI classification excess body mass was more often (p < 0.001) observed in men (68%) than in women (25%) and according to the FMI classification excess fat was also more often (p < 0.001) observed in men (55%) than in women (28%). BMI classification of overweight or obese was observed in 41 of participants with the normal FMI level. Fat percentage of women with normal BMI ranged from 11.6 to 33.5% and tat percentage of men with normal BMI ranged from 7.3 to 21.6%. There are difficulties in BMI interpretation in adults with increased physical activity. It seems more reasonable to assess correctness of nutritional status on the basis of an analyze of FMI value, as this indicator assesses degree of fatness, and not the entire body weight, which, in case of uniformed services usually is greater due to extensive muscle mass, which can increase BMI value. It is necessary to take educational activities in the field of health promotion of these people, with a focus on nutrition prevention of metabolic civilization diseases, as well as to motivate Border Guards officers to respect basic principles of proper nutrition to maintain proper body mass and fat mass.
Effect of dietary modifications on the cholesterol level and selected indicators of oxidative processes in rats with mammary cancer
- Tomasz Lepionka, Agnieszka Bialek, Malgorzata Bialek, Marian Czauderna, Jerzy Bertrandt, Anna Anyzewska, Roman Lakomy, Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
-
- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E243
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Pomegranate (Punica granatum, Punicaceae) seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae) water extract (BME), used for centuries in folk medicine, are now available as popular dietary supplements, used i.e. in prevention of diet-related metabolic diseases and cancer. It is suggested that their mechanism of action may involve modifications of oxidative processes. However, information regarding these effects is inadequate.
AimThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of supplementation of rats’ diet with PSO and BME, administered separately or jointly, on cholesterol and its oxidative derivatives, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and tocopherols content in livers, in terms of cancerous process. Sprague-Dawley female rats (n = 96) were fed control diet (CON and CONplus) or experimental diets supplemented with 0.15 ml PSO/day (G and Gplus), 1% BME ad libitum (M and Mplus) and PSO and BME jointly (GM and GMplus). Breast cancer was induced by administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in the amount of 80 mg/kg body weight in the 50th day of life. After 21 weeks of supplementation livers, as main organs responsible for lipids metabolism, were subjected to either GC-TOFMS (cholesterol and oxysterols) or UPLC-PDA (tocopherols and MDA) chromatographic analyzes.
Results and discussionBoth dietary supplements and DMBA administration resulted in significant increase of total cholesterol content. In contrast, levels of two of four determined oxysterols: 7α - hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol β-epoxide were the lowest in groups supplemented with PSO and exposed to DMBA. Significant differences in tocopherol content were demonstrated for two of four detected compounds: g-tocopherol and α-tocopheryl acetate. The level of g-tocopherol in G group was significantly higher in relation to Mplus and Gplus groups. In case of α -tocopheryl acetate, differences were observed between two control groups (CON and CONplus), but its content in CONplus group was significantly higher. In physiological state applied supplements reduced MDA levels in livers, whereas in pathological conditions PSO significantly increased MDA content in hepatic tissue of Gplus and GMplus groups.
ConclusionsThe obtained results indicate that applied dietary supplementation, as well as cancerous process, can modify the levels of cholesterol and intensity of oxidative processes. It seems, that oxidative stress, associated with cancer development, modifies the intensity of oxidative processes in livers to a greater extent than examined dietary supplements.
* This work was partially supported by National Science Centre, Poland (grant number 2018/02/X/NZ9/01770)