25 results
Factors associated with long-term impact on informal caregivers during Alzheimer’s disease dementia progression: 36-month results from GERAS
- Catherine Reed, Mark Belger, J. Scott Andrews, Antje Tockhorn-Heidenreich, Roy W. Jones, Anders Wimo, Richard Dodel, Josep Maria Haro
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 32 / Issue 2 / February 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 May 2019, pp. 267-277
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Objective:
To identify, in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, factors associated with subjective (personal, physical, emotional, and social) and objective (informal caregiver time and costs) caregiver burden.
Design:Prospective longitudinal European observational study: post-hoc analysis.
Setting:Clinic.
Participants:Community-dwelling patients in France and Germany aged ≥ 55 years (n = 969) with probable AD and their informal caregivers.
Measurements:Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study—Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL), 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-12), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), informal caregiver basic and instrumental ADL hours (Resource Utilization in Dementia instrument), and informal caregiver costs. Mixed-effect models of repeated measures (MMRM) were run, including baseline and time-dependent covariates (change from baseline [CFB] to 18 months in MMSE, ADCS-ADL, and NPI-12 scores) associated with CFB in ZBI score/informal caregiver time over 36 months (analyzed using linear regression models) and informal caregiver costs over 36 months (analyzed using generalized linear models).
Results:Greater decline in patient function (ADCS-ADL) over 18 months was associated with increased subjective caregiver burden (ZBI), hours, and costs over 36 months. Increased behavioral problems (NPI-12) over 18 months also negatively impacted ZBI. Cognitive decline (MMSE) over 18 months did not affect change in caregiver burden.
Conclusions:Long-term informal caregiver burden was driven by worsening functional abilities and behavioral symptoms but not cognitive decline, over 18 months in community-dwelling patients with AD dementia. Identifying the drivers of caregiver burden could highlight areas in which interventions may benefit both caregivers and patients.
fourteen - Biomechanical constraints to stair negotiation
- Edited by Alan Walker, The University of Sheffield
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- Book:
- The New Dynamics of Ageing
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 09 April 2022
- Print publication:
- 28 February 2018, pp 277-304
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Summary
Introduction
The majority of falls in old age occur during stair descent (Svanstrom, 1974; Tinetti et al, 1988; Startzell et al, 2000; Hamel and Cavanagh, 2004). The physical injuries arising from such falls are of obvious concern, but of equal importance is the fear of falling, and loss of confidence and mobility. Therefore, it is imperative to establish effective measures to reduce the risk of stair falls and accidents, in order to maintain independence and quality of life in old age.
Stair ascent is challenging, and becomes increasingly difficult as people get older. However, paradoxically, it is during stair descent where problems are more common. This is because stepping down is a very complex task, for which the downward movement of the body has to be controlled and balance maintained each time the foot contacts the step (McFadyen and Winter, 1988; Riener et al, 2002). Our ability to do this depends on many factors, including muscle strength, joint mobility, proprioception, vision and balance ability, all of which deteriorate with age (for example, Evans and Campbell, 1993; Grimston et al, 1993; Maki and McIlroy, 1996; Reeves et al, 2006).
Two critical design characteristics in a staircase that are related to these functional parameters are the step-rise, which is the height of each step, and the step-going, the depth of the step. It is possible that older individuals may be less able to generate the muscle forces required to support the body on the upper step or to control the motion when landing on the lower step. In fact, we have already documented that older people use more of their available muscle strength in their knee extensors and ankle plantarflexors to ascend and descend a staircase than younger people (Reeves et al, 2008, 2009). Previously, we examined stair negotiation of standard step dimensions (going: 280 mm, rise: 170 mm) with older adults. However, it is likely that age-related differences are amplified, with greater strength reserves required for more demanding stair-negotiating tasks (particularly higher step-rise) for the old. On the other hand, if the step-going is small (as is often the case in older homes), the ball of the foot of the lead leg will be placed towards the front edge of the step during descent, risking a slip.
8 - Example of computational biology at the new drug application (NDA) and regulatory approval stages
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- By William T. Loging, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Marilyn Lewis, Pfizer Inc, Bryn Williams-Jones, Connected Discovery Ltd, Roy Mansfield, Pfizer Inc
- Edited by William T. Loging, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
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- Book:
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in Drug Discovery and Development
- Published online:
- 05 February 2016
- Print publication:
- 17 March 2016, pp 155-170
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Summary
Target-based prejudices
In the early 2000s, a popular and clinically valuable class of drugs known as the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class was being used to treat osteoarthritis and acute pain conditions. Of the several chemical members of this class, rofecoxib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 1999, with Merck and Co. marketing it under the brand names Vioxx and Ceoxx. The drug recorded more than $2 billion a year with more than 75 million patients taking it worldwide.
In September 2004, rofecoxib was withdrawn from the market by Merck and Co. due to worries about its usage leading to increased risk of heart attack and stroke. This observation was noted in patients with long-term, high-dosage use. It has been estimated that these side effects led to the manifestation of heart disease in 100,000 cases.
The FDA intently scrutinized other NSAIDs and continued to do so. Several calls were made by concerned citizens and those affected by the rofecoxib side-effect case that the FDA needed to do more to insure public safety of post-approved drugs. Investigators began focusing on the target (known as COX-2), and it was hypothesized that the side effects observed were related directly to COX-2 inhibition. No concrete data have been observed about whether the cardiovascular effects were solely related to COX-2. However, the mindset was already created that if a side effect was observed through certain drug use then all mechanisms of physiological effects were termed again the “Vioxx effect.” This viewpoint – that all side effects and physiological effects were connected via a central target – impacted multiple other drug discovery projects as well, including the race to deliver the first CCR5 antagonists, which are a class of oral antiretroviral drugs designed to block HIV entry into cells via the CCR5 receptor. There were concerns that the novel mechanism of action of CCR5 antagonists was associated with potential risks of hepatotoxicity and malignancies, which might be adverse events that extend to all compounds in the class. The following work addressed such concerns by employing a wide range of computational approaches, utilizing pharmacology and human gene expression as well as clinical data to address these potential CCR5 antagonist class effects.
Identifying factors of activities of daily living important for cost and caregiver outcomes in Alzheimer's disease
- Catherine Reed, Mark Belger, Bruno Vellas, Jeffrey Scott Andrews, Josep M. Argimon, Giuseppe Bruno, Richard Dodel, Roy W. Jones, Anders Wimo, Josep Maria Haro
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 28 / Issue 2 / February 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 August 2015, pp. 247-259
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Background:
We aimed to obtain a better understanding of how different aspects of patient functioning affect key cost and caregiver outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods:Baseline data from a prospective observational study of community-living AD patients (GERAS) were used. Functioning was assessed using the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study – Activities of Daily Living Scale. Generalized linear models were conducted to analyze the relationship between scores for total activities of daily living (ADL), basic ADL (BADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), ADL subdomains (confirmed through factor analysis) and individual ADL questions, and total societal costs, patient healthcare and social care costs, total and supervision caregiver time, and caregiver burden.
Results:Four distinct ADL subdomains were confirmed: basic activities, domestic/household activities, communication, and outside activities. Higher total societal costs were associated with impairments in all aspects of ADL, including all subdomains; patient costs were associated with total ADL and BADL, and basic activities subdomain scores. Both total and supervision caregiver hours were associated with total ADL and IADL scores, and domestic/household and outside activities subdomain scores (greater hours associated with greater functional impairments). There was no association between caregiver burden and BADL or basic activities subdomain scores. The relationship between total ADL, IADL, and the outside activities subdomain and outcomes differed between patients with mild and moderate-to-severe AD.
Conclusions:Identification of ADL subdomains may lead to a better understanding of the association between patient function and costs and caregiver outcomes at different stages of AD, in particular the outside activities subdomain within mild AD.
Contributors
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- By Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, Jean-Jacques Becker, Richard Bessel, Ian M. Brown, Martin Ceadel, Dittmar Dahlmann, Stig Förster, Robert Gerwarth, Stefan Goebel, Frédéric Guelton, Heather Jones, Helmut Konrad, Alan Kramer, Samuël Kruizinga, Gerd Krumeich, Roy Macleod, Antoine Prost, Leonard V. Smith, Georges-Henri Soutou, David Stevenson, Barry Supple, Hans-Peter Ullmann, Alexander Watson, Arndt Weinrich, Jay Winter, Benjamin Ziemann
- Edited by Jay Winter, Yale University, Connecticut
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- Book:
- The Cambridge History of the First World War
- Published online:
- 05 December 2013
- Print publication:
- 09 January 2014, pp xiv-xv
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Self-reported quality of life ratings of people with dementia: the role of attitudes to aging
- Richard Trigg, Simon Watts, Roy Jones, Anne Tod, Rachel Elliman
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 24 / Issue 7 / July 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 March 2012, pp. 1085-1093
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Background: Attitudes to aging have not previously been assessed in people with dementia. The possession of positive life attitudes into older age has the potential to induce resilience to health changes and may explain the discrepancy between self-reported and proxy ratings of quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of people with dementia to determine the main factors that predict these attitudes and any relationship that exists with self-reported QoL.
Methods: Fifty-six participants with dementia were recruited from a memory clinic setting. The Bath Assessment of Subjective Quality of Life in Dementia, Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ), Memory Functioning Scale, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory, and Mini-Mental State Examination were administered. The AAQ was also completed by 86 community-dwelling older adults without dementia.
Results: Participants with dementia displayed a significantly stronger endorsement of the negative attitude that aging is a time of psychosocial loss than those without dementia. Regression analyses suggest this negative attitude acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between the person's level of insight and self-reported QoL.
Conclusions: Negative attitudes to aging had a direct impact on the self-reported QoL ratings of people with dementia. The view of aging as a time of psychosocial loss was most significant for people with dementia and suggests that negative stereotypes of dementia need to be challenged. In order to promote QoL, care should focus on abilities that the person retains rather than what has been lost.
CHAPTER TEN - Polish People's Attitudes Towards Religion
- from Projects in Polish Culture
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- By Roy Jones
- Edited by Anna Niżegorodcew, Yakiv Bystrov, Marcin Kleban
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- Book:
- Developing Intercultural Competence through English
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 05 September 2014
- Print publication:
- 31 December 2011, pp 125-130
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Summary
Introduction
In order to live peacefully in Poland, as in any other country, a great deal of tolerance is required. What is understood by the word? “Tolero,” the Latin root, means to bear, to endure, to suffer, but also to support, to sustain, to protect. Thus, the word “tolerance” may be used in two different ways. The former meaning of tolerance is close to the notion of “negative tolerance” which was introduced by Lazari-Pawłowska (1984; quoted in Mihulka 2008) The latter meaning of tolerance, often referred to as “positive tolerance,” is used in a much broader sense.
10.2. Religion in Poland in the Past and at Present
Through researching historical websites and websites on the topic of Religion in Poland (Tradition of religious tolerance in Poland 2008), it was found that Poland has a long history of tolerance towards other religions and other nations. In medieval times, when Europe was in the midst of religious wars, Poland was a multi-ethnic country whose wars were primarily not religious. Poland became a focal point for tolerance and led the way for tolerance in Europe. During the reign of King Sigmund II (1548–1572) Poland had followers of many religions and in 1555 introduced the Freedom of Confession where Poland distanced itself from the Catholic Church in Rome by not paying Papal taxes. It also became a refuge where persecuted Protestants and Jews from around Europe found tolerance and economic opportunity.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Willem M. Ankum, Ruth Bender Atik, Carolien M. Boomsma, Tom H. Bourne, Larry W. Chamley, Ole B. Christiansen, Fatima Crispi, Feroza Dawood, Pat Doyle, Niek Exalto, Roy G. Farquharson, M. Goddijn, Eduard Gratacos, Mike Greaves, Aisha Hameed, Barbara E. Hepworth-Jones, Kristin Holoch, José A. Horcajadas, Eric R. M. Jauniaux, Jemma Johns, Davor Jurkovic, Anne Kennedy, Emma Kirk, Ruth Bunker Lathi, Nico J. Leschot, Bruce A. Lessey, Nick S. Macklon, Dimitrios Mavrelos, Saskia Middeldorp, Gillian Norrie, Errol R. Norwitz, Thomas Philipp, Anja Pinborg, Siobhan Quenby, Lesley Regan, Dominique Royère, Isaac E. Sasson, Sony Sierra, Mary D. Stephenson, Peter R. Stone, Ai-Wei Tang, Etienne Van den Abbeel, Nicole S. Winkler
- Edited by Roy G. Farquharson, University of Liverpool, Mary D. Stephenson, University of Chicago
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- Book:
- Early Pregnancy
- Published online:
- 05 October 2010
- Print publication:
- 09 September 2010, pp vii-x
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Effects of donepezil on activities of daily living: integrated analysis of patient data from studies in mild, moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease
- Serge Gauthier, Oscar L. Lopez, Gunhild Waldemar, Roy W. Jones, Jeffrey Cummings, Richard Zhang, Rachel Schindler, Elias Schwam
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 22 / Issue 6 / September 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2010, pp. 973-983
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Background: We aimed to develop a standardization method to pool data recorded on different activities of daily living (ADL) scales in order to reduce variability of functional outcome data from Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials and to better evaluate the effect of donepezil treatment on function in patients with AD.
Methods: Based on pre-specified criteria, six studies were selected from among all donepezil clinical trials in AD. Individual items from nine ADL scales used in these trials were mapped to a standardized functional scale comprising 12 domains (six basic, six instrumental); scores were transformed to a 0–100 scale. External validation of this scale yielded a concordance rate of 90.8%. For each domain, mean change from baseline to 24 weeks in the placebo and donepezil groups was compared for the total population and for subgroups stratified by baseline disease severity. Study settings included outpatient, assisted living, and skilled nursing facilities. Participants comprised 2183 patients (donepezil, 1261; placebo; 922) with baseline Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores 5–26.
Results: Significant treatment differences favoring donepezil were observed for five items (two instrumental and three basic). Patients with moderate AD at baseline (MMSE 10–17) demonstrated the greatest treatment effect.
Conclusion: Functional data were successfully pooled using standardizing methodology. A beneficial effect of donepezil treatment on function was demonstrated using this standardized functional scale. Similar analyses from studies with other anti-dementia drugs may help to determine the generalizability of these findings and potentially encourage use of functional assessment as a clinical tool.
A century of citation classics in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery journals
- J. E. Fenton, D. Roy, J. P. Hughes, A. S. Jones
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 116 / Issue 7 / July 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 March 2006, pp. 494-498
- Print publication:
- July 2002
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The Science Citation Index (SCI) was introduced primarily as a method of information retrieval but has also been used an objective measure of the quality of an article. Citation classics have been described as papers that have been cited 100 times or more. The aim of this study was to identify the articles published during the 20th century in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery journals that have achieved classic citation status and to present an analysis of this data. Using a database provided by the Institute of Scientific Information (Philadelphia, PA), an assessment was performed of all articles cited 100 or more times in one of the 28 clinical otolaryngology-head and neck journals indexed by the annual Journal Citation Reports. The data were based on citation counts using the 1900 through 1999 Science Citation Index. Institutions located in 10 different countries produced 80 noteworthy articles. The most-cited paper achieved a citation score of 406 and there were 11 articles cited on more than 200 occasions. All of the articles were published in eight journals. The earliest identified publication was in 1933 and the most recent was published in 1993. Twenty authors were involved in two articles and four authors were associated with three classic citations. This paper confirms that analysing citation classics reveals a partial insight into advances and historical developments in the specialty during the last century.
Drug treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
- Part of
- Roy W Jones
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- Journal:
- Reviews in Clinical Gerontology / Volume 12 / Issue 2 / May 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 October 2002, pp. 165-173
- Print publication:
- May 2002
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an international problem of enormous significance. The human and financial cost to the sufferers, their families and friends is huge, matched by the costs to health and social services in all developed countries and, increasingly, elsewhere.
Citation analysis of otorhinolaryngology journals
- D. Roy, J. P. Hughes, A. S. Jones, J. E. Fenton
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 116 / Issue 5 / May 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 March 2006, pp. 363-366
- Print publication:
- May 2002
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Bibliometric analysis is used to assess the ‘impact’ of scientific journals. The commonest method of evaluation is impact factor. The aim of this study was to analyse the citation data for otorhinolaryngology journals of the years 1994 to 1998. Data on the total number of citations and impact factor of journals was obtained from the CD-ROM editions 1994-98 of the Journal Citation Reports and ‘Web of Science’ database. The adjusted impact factor and five-year impact factor has been calculated. Fifteen otorhinolaryngology journals have been identified and ranked according to the impact factor. Head and Neck has the highest adjusted impact factor. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery has the highest five-year impact factor. There is considerable variation in the ranking of journals calculated by the five-year impact factor. Impact factors of otolaryngology journals can help to direct readers to those journals that have a track record of publishing data that are frequently cited. Although there are several limitations to the use of citation data to rank journals, the authors recommend the use of the five-year period for calculation of the impact factor for ranking of otolaryngology journals.
Gene Expression Profiling Following Instillation of Diesel Exhaust Particles in Rat Lung: A First Study
- Lucy Reynolds, Kelly BéruBé, Timothy Jones, Roy Richards
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 6 / Issue S2 / August 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 July 2020, pp. 910-911
- Print publication:
- August 2000
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Epidemiological studies conducted first in the USA and later in the UK, suggest that a relationship exists between increased cardio-respiratory hospital admissions, morbidity and mortality rates and increases in PM10 concentrations. In urban environments, ultrafine diesel exhaust particles (DEP), accounts for 20-80 % by mass of the airborne PM10 arising from vehicular activities. In previous work, we used well characterised DEP as a surrogate for PM10 and examined its bioreactivity in vivo by assessing lung permeability, inflammation and epithelial cell markers in lavage fluid. Delivery of a single instillate of l mg DEP into the rat lung was not found to cause progressive damage but did produce a transient change in lung permeability. In the experiment described here, we instilled two different doses (control [NaCl], 0.25 and 1.25 mg) of DEP into the rat lung and assessed the responses using the methods described above with the addition of a new technique known as gene expression profiling.
5 - Some misconceptions of the human epididymis
- from Part 1 - Biological perspectives
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- By Roy Jones
- Edited by T. D. Glover, University of Leeds, C. L. R. Barratt, University of Birmingham
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- Book:
- Male Fertility and Infertility
- Published online:
- 09 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 27 May 1999, pp 85-104
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Summary
Introduction
The mammalian epididymis is part of the system of male accessory sex glands whose secretions constitute ejaculated seminal plasma (Mann & Lutwack-Mann, 1981). Unlike the other accessory glands, however, the epididymis is intimately involved with the development of spermatozoa from the moment they leave the testis to the point when they are ejaculated and deposited in the female tract. The basis for this statement is the large number of investigations carried out over many years on a wide variety of species, beginning with the pioneering experimental studies of Young (1929, 1931) on guinea pigs, which have enabled some basic principles to be established (Cooper, 1986; Orgebin-Crist, 1987). The molecular details of precisely how an infertile testicular spermatozoon is transformed into a fully fertile one in the epididymis are only slowly being unravelled and it is still not possible to pin-point any particular process or molecular component and say unequivocally that this is the crucial difference between fertility and infertility. The factors involved are almost certainly complex and interactive but there are enough experimental data to indicate that they exist and that the epididymis has an important regulatory role to play.
Despite the evidence alluded to above, and described in more detail below, a notion has arisen in recent years that in man the epididymis is relatively non-functional.
Arthur D. Fisk and Wendy A. Rogers (eds), Handbook of Human Factors and the Older Adult, Academic, San Diego, California, 1997, 419 pp., $65.00, ISBN 0 122 57680 2.
- ROY W. JONES
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 17 / Issue 6 / November 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 1997, pp. 735-742
- Print publication:
- November 1997
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A Prevalence Study of Age-Associated Memory Impairment
- Andrew Barker, Roy Jones, Chris Jennison
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 167 / Issue 5 / November 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 642-648
- Print publication:
- November 1995
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Background
Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) describes a non-disease ageing-related decline in memory. Pharmacological treatment trials have been reported and DSM–IV has introduced a term for the disorder. No prevalence study with the original criteria has previously been published.
MethodAn age-stratified sample was taken of 50–95-year-olds registered with a local health centre. Diagnosis of AAMI was made by questionnaire, cognitive testing, and medical and psychiatric assessment.
ResultsPrevalence rates for the total population and for the over-50s were estimated to be 5.8% and 18.5%, respectively. These rates are dramatically affected by minor alterations to individual criteria.
ConclusionsIt appears AAMI is less common than previous estimates suggested, although the diagnostic criteria do not satisfactorily define people with an age-related decline in memory. Complaint of memory decline is more strongly correlated with measures of affect and personality than with measures of current memory test performance or estimates of memory decline.
1 - Time and place
- Edited by John Barrett, Richard J. Bradley, Martin T. Green
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- Book:
- Landscape, Monuments and Society
- Published online:
- 07 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 22 February 1991, pp 6-22
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Summary
The archaeology of social reproduction
The main themes of our title, Landscape, monuments and society, often appear to be specific areas of archaeological interest. Monuments, for instance, are analysed in terms of their form and structural history, and the landscape provides a context for the distribution of monuments, revealing their spatial organisation and ecological setting. But what of society? If anything, society appears as the ghost in the machine, whose archaeologically verifiable existence is still contested. Let us therefore look at the relationship between society, the landscape and the monument.
Since the work of Gordon Childe, archaeologists have tended to treat ‘society’ as a system of institutions which are mapped by their material remains. Cultural archaeologists defined the social realm as a relatively closed set of shared beliefs. It was the acceptance of those beliefs which established cohesion between a society's members and the practical application of belief systems which produced regular patterns of material association (Childe 1956). The application of this rather straightforward idea has led to the chronological and geographical ordering of artefacts and monuments. Such ordering has appeared to reflect the nature, history and extent of a given belief system; and the categorisation and mapping of archaeological material in these terms remains part of the conceptual framework of British archaeology.
By now there have been numerous criticisms of such an approach to archaeology. One of the more sustained critiques has been developed by Renfrew (1977). He notes that the definition of cultural types has depended upon norms, arbitrarily drawn from rich assemblages of material.
Anne Merriman, Handbook of International Geriatrie Medicine: A Practical Guide for General Practitioners and Medical Students, P.G. Medical Books, Singapore, 1989, 193 pp., no price, ISBN 9 813 09698 5.
- Roy W. Jones
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 10 / Issue 3 / September 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 November 2008, pp. 370-371
- Print publication:
- September 1990
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Mobility and the Glass Transition in Mixed Polymer-Diluent Glasses by NMR
- Alan A. Jones, Paul T. Inglefield, Yu Liu, Bonnie Cauley, Ajoy K. Roy, Roger Kambour
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 215 / 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 February 2011, 109
- Print publication:
- 1990
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Phosphorous and proton line shape studies of a trioctyl phosphate diluent in polycarbonate and in a fifty-fifty blend of polystyrene with polyphenylene oxide have been performed to monitor diluent dynamics. Both the phosphorous and proton line shapes are superficially bimodal with a narrow, mobile component of the line shape appearing at temperatures well below the thermal glass transition temperatures. Plots of the h.ction of mobile material versus temperature show two step increases separated by a plateau region. This behavior is analyzed in terms of a distribution of activation energies which results in a bimodal description. The bimodal activation energy distribution corresponds to a bimodal correlation time distribution. The more mobile material is identified with diluent molecules in contact with other diluent molecules in a lattice description which assumes a single phase system is assumed with a purely random distribution of diluent and polymer on the lattice.