4 results
Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network
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- K. Ackley, V. B. Adya, P. Agrawal, P. Altin, G. Ashton, M. Bailes, E. Baltinas, A. Barbuio, D. Beniwal, C. Blair, D. Blair, G. N. Bolingbroke, V. Bossilkov, S. Shachar Boublil, D. D. Brown, B. J. Burridge, J. Calderon Bustillo, J. Cameron, H. Tuong Cao, J. B. Carlin, S. Chang, P. Charlton, C. Chatterjee, D. Chattopadhyay, X. Chen, J. Chi, J. Chow, Q. Chu, A. Ciobanu, T. Clarke, P. Clearwater, J. Cooke, D. Coward, H. Crisp, R. J. Dattatri, A. T. Deller, D. A. Dobie, L. Dunn, P. J. Easter, J. Eichholz, R. Evans, C. Flynn, G. Foran, P. Forsyth, Y. Gai, S. Galaudage, D. K. Galloway, B. Gendre, B. Goncharov, S. Goode, D. Gozzard, B. Grace, A. W. Graham, A. Heger, F. Hernandez Vivanco, R. Hirai, N. A. Holland, Z. J. Holmes, E. Howard, E. Howell, G. Howitt, M. T. Hübner, J. Hurley, C. Ingram, V. Jaberian Hamedan, K. Jenner, L. Ju, D. P. Kapasi, T. Kaur, N. Kijbunchoo, M. Kovalam, R. Kumar Choudhary, P. D. Lasky, M. Y. M. Lau, J. Leung, J. Liu, K. Loh, A. Mailvagan, I. Mandel, J. J. McCann, D. E. McClelland, K. McKenzie, D. McManus, T. McRae, A. Melatos, P. Meyers, H. Middleton, M. T. Miles, M. Millhouse, Y. Lun Mong, B. Mueller, J. Munch, J. Musiov, S. Muusse, R. S. Nathan, Y. Naveh, C. Neijssel, B. Neil, S. W. S. Ng, V. Oloworaran, D. J. Ottaway, M. Page, J. Pan, M. Pathak, E. Payne, J. Powell, J. Pritchard, E. Puckridge, A. Raidani, V. Rallabhandi, D. Reardon, J. A. Riley, L. Roberts, I. M. Romero-Shaw, T. J. Roocke, G. Rowell, N. Sahu, N. Sarin, L. Sarre, H. Sattari, M. Schiworski, S. M. Scott, R. Sengar, D. Shaddock, R. Shannon, J. SHI, P. Sibley, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. Slaven-Blair, R. J. E. Smith, J. Spollard, L. Steed, L. Strang, H. Sun, A. Sunderland, S. Suvorova, C. Talbot, E. Thrane, D. Töyrä, P. Trahanas, A. Vajpeyi, J. V. van Heijningen, A. F. Vargas, P. J. Veitch, A. Vigna-Gomez, A. Wade, K. Walker, Z. Wang, R. L. Ward, K. Ward, S. Webb, L. Wen, K. Wette, R. Wilcox, J. Winterflood, C. Wolf, B. Wu, M. Jet Yap, Z. You, H. Yu, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, C. Zhao, X. Zhu
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 37 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 November 2020, e047
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Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2–4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.
Dietary genistein stimulates mammary hyperplasia in gilts
- C. Farmer, M. F. Palin, G. S. Gilani, H. Weiler, M. Vignola, R. K. Choudhary, A. V. Capuco
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The possible role of the phytoestrogen genistein on prepubertal development of mammary glands, hormonal status and bone resorption was investigated in gilts. Forty-five gilts were fed a control diet containing soya (CTLS, n = 15), a control diet without soya (CTL0, n = 15) or the CTLS diet supplemented with 2.3 g of genistein daily (GEN, n = 15) from 90 days of age until slaughter (day 183 ± 1). Both basal diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 89 and 176 to determine concentrations of isoflavone metabolites (on day 176 only), prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx; on day 176 only). At slaughter, mammary glands were excised, parenchymal and extraparenchymal tissues were dissected, and composition of parenchymal tissue (protein, fat, dry matter (DM), DNA) was determined. Histochemical analyses of mammary parenchyma were performed. Dietary genistein increased parenchymal protein (P < 0.05) while decreasing DM (P < 0.05) and tending to lower fat content compared with the CTLS, but not the CTL0, diet. There was more parenchymal DNA (1.26 v. 0.92 mg/g, P < 0.05) in GEN than CTLS gilts, likely reflecting an increase in the quantity of mammary epithelial cells. Circulating concentrations of genistein were increased in GEN gilts (P < 0.001) but concentrations of hormones or NTx (indicator of bone collagen resorption) were not affected by GEN (P > 0.1). Percentage of estradiol receptor alpha (ERα)-positive epithelial cells was lower (P < 0.05) in GEN than CTLS gilts, whereas 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labeling index was unaltered (P > 0.1). Transcript levels for ERα, ERβ, IGF1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor alpha were not altered by treatments. Supplementation of the diet with genistein during the growing phase in gilts, therefore, led to hyperplasia of mammary parenchymal tissue after puberty; yet, even though circulating genistein was increased, this was not accompanied by changes in mammary expression of selected genes or circulating hormone levels.
On Left Bipotent Near-Rings
- J. L. Jat, S. C. Choudhary
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society / Volume 22 / Issue 2 / June 1979
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2009, pp. 99-107
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A near-ring N is defined to be left bipotent if Na = Na2 for each a in N. Many properties of such near-rings are proved in Section 1, and results of Chandran (4) are generalised. Most of the results are different from, and contrary to, the ring case. Necessary and sufficient conditions have also been obtained under which such near-rings become regular. Section 2 deals with left bipotent near-rings without zero divisors. Some structure theorems for direct sum decompositions and J(N) = (0) are proved and it is shown that for a left bipotent S-near-ring, the singular ‘set’ S(N) = 0. Necessary examples and counter examples are supplied.
Morphology of hearts undergoing Fontan repair
- Vivek Murari, Rajesh Sharma, Balram Airan, Anil Bhan, Shiv K. Choudhary, Anita Saxena, Shyam S. Kothari, Subhash C. B. Reddy, Panangipalli Venugopal
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 8 / Issue 2 / April 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 August 2008, pp. 165-171
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Background
Notwithstanding the controversies evoked by the term “single ventricle”, most patients with this condition would undergo the Fontan procedure. In addition, there is a large group of patients in whom a biventricular repair would be abandoned in favour of a univentricular one because of the presence of unfavourable morphologic features. There is a need for a uniformly acceptable system of nomenclature that would permit precise description and classification of hearts with complex malformations to facilitate reporting and help in understanding the reasons for choosing a univentricular repair.
MethodsEchocardiographic, angiographic and operative records of 240 patients undergoing the Fontan procedure were analysed.
ResultsOut of the 104 patients with univentricular atrioventricular connections, 2 ventricles were discernible in all but 3 patients. A Fontan repair was performed in 136 patients with biventricular atrioventricular connections because of the presence of a hypoplastic ventricle in 52 patients and a non-committed ventricular septal defect in the remaining 84.
ConclusionsThe Fontan operation is probably the only definitive treatment option for patients with univentricular atrioventricular connections. The decision to perform a univentricular repair in preference to a biventricular one in hearts with biventricular atrioventricular connections is based on the presence of a hypoplastic ventricle or a non-reroutable ventricular septal defect. This decision is subjective. In hearts with discordant atrioventricular connections and pulmonary stenosis, we prefer the Fontan operation to the classical repair.