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Feedlot performance and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle adapted to high-concentrate diets over periods of 6, 9, 14 and 21 days
- D. D. Estevam, I. C. Pereira, A. L. N. Rigueiro, A. Perdigão, C. F. da Costa, R. A. Rizzieri, M. C. S. Pereira, C. L. Martins, D. D. Millen, M. D. B. Arrigoni
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The energy content of finishing diets offered to feedlot cattle may vary across countries. We assumed that the lower is the energy content of the finishing diet, the shorter can be the adaptation period to high-concentrate diets without negatively impacting rumen health while still improving feedlot performance. This study was designed to determine the effects of adaptation periods of 6, 9, 14 and 21 days on feedlot performance, feeding behaviour, blood gas profile, carcass characteristics and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomised block, replicated 6 times, in which 96 20-month-old yearling Nellore bulls (391.1 ± 30.9 kg) were fed in 24 pens (4 animals/pen) according to the adaptation period adopted: 6, 9, 14 or 21 days. The adaptation diets contained 70%, 75% and 80.5% concentrate, and the finishing diet contained 86% concentrate. After adaptation, one animal per pen was slaughtered (n = 24) for rumen morphometric evaluations and the remaining 72 animals were harvested after 88 days on feed. Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic and cubic relationships between days of adaptation and the dependent variable. Overall, as days of adaptation increased, final BW (P = 0.06), average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.07), hot carcass weight (P = 0.04) and gain to feed ratio (G : F) (P = 0.07) were affected quadratically, in which yearling bulls adapted by 14 days presented greater final BW, ADG, hot carcass weight and improved G : F. No significant (P > 0.10) days of adaptation effect was observed for any of feeding behaviour variables. As days of adaptation increased, the absorptive surface area of the rumen was affected cubically, where yearling bulls adapted by 14 days presented greater absorptive surface area (P = 0.03). Thus, Nellore yearling bulls should be adapted by 14 days because it led to improved feedlot performance and greater development of rumen epithelium without increasing rumenitis scores.
Dementia in Alto Minho, a Descriptive Study.
- P. Alves, E. Baeta, S. Perdigão
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Dementia in Alto Minho, a descriptive study.
IntroductionWith approximately 35.6 million people with dementia worldwide, dementia has become a major focus of attention and intensive research in developed countries. In Portugalthere is still little informationabout this disease, and that’s why wepropose to characterize apopulation of patients with dementiafollowed in the outpatient neurology department of UnidadeLocal de Saúde do Alto Minho (ULSAM).
ObjectiveDescription of a population of 103 patientsfollowed in the outpatient neurology department of ULSAM in 2014.
Methodology103 patients followed in the outpatient neurology department of ULSAM between January and March 2014 were randomly chosen. We collectedSocio-demographic and medical data by consulting the electronic records ofpatients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
ResultsThe average age of patients was 77 years. There wasa predominance of females with61.17% women. The most frequent diagnosis was of mixed dementiawith 26 cases, followed by Alzheimer's disease with 24 cases and 17 cases with vasculardementia. The most widely usedanti-dementia drug was memantine. About 83% ofpatients were on some type of psychotropic medication, over 50% of patients werebeing treated with antidepressants, 42% with antipsychotic drugs, 33% with anxiolytic / hypnotic and15% with mood stabilizers. Around one third ofthe total patients had been followedin psychiatry in the last five years, mainly for depressivesymptoms, psychotic symptoms ofsenility, or behavioral disturbances. More than 50% ofpatients had 2 or more risk factors for cardio-vasculardisease, and 76.60% had high bloodpressure. Conclusion: Interestingly, in our sample there isan over representation of vascularetiology as a primary cause, orcofactor of dementia, and there is a high prevalence ofcardiovascular risk factors andparticularly arterial hypertension. Thisleads us to think that better prevention of cardio-vascular disease risksfactors and particularly hypertension could have a significant impact in the prevention of dementia in the Alto Minho. Finally we realize through the great use of psychotropicdrugs in these patients that theinvolvement of psychiatrists in their attendance is essential.