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Auditory Cortex Characteristics in Early Onset Psychosis and its Associations with Auditory Hallucinations: A Structural MRI Study
- R.E. Smelror, V. Lonning, L. Mørch-Johnsen, S. Nerland, T. Gurholt, I. Agartz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S59
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Introduction
Smaller auditory cortex volume in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations (AH) may be a result of reduced cortical surface area and/or cortical thickness. A neuro–imaging study from our group demonstrated that adult schizophrenia spectrum patients with AH had significantly thinner cortex in the left side Heschl's gyrus (HG), compared to patients without AH, and healthy controls (HC).
ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate if adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP) and AH demonstrate thinner cortices in HG, as found in Mørch-Johnsen et al. in 2016, compared to EOP patients without AH, and HC.
MethodsEOP patients (schizophrenia spectrum, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified) (n = 29) underwent MRI. Mean volume, cortical thickness and surface area in auditory cortex regions (HG, superior temporal gyrus [STG]) were compared between patients with AH (n = 20) and without AH (n = 9), measured with item P3 from the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and 48 HC.
ResultsPreliminary results show no significant differences between patients with and without AH and HC in mean volume, cortical thickness, or surface area in HG or STG. There were no significant side differences across hemispheres for these structures.
ConclusionsAH in EOP were not related to smaller volume, thinner cortex or reduced surface area in auditory cortex regions. To overcome the limitation of having a relatively small sample size, the sample will be expanded with other EOP cohorts. Investigations into HG structure variation in relation to AH in EOP will also be conducted.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Enigma-collaborative Analyses of Neuroimaging eop Data: What have we Achieved?
- I. Agartz, V. Lonning, R. Smelror, M. Lundberg, T. Edbom, T.P. Gurholt
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S60
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Introduction
The ENIGMA-EOP collaboration aims to identify structural phenotypic markers that robustly discriminate adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP) from healthy controls through mega- or meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) data. Through larger samples we will obtain sufficient power to detect the brain structural correlates, overcome some of the clinical heterogeneity and characterize the developmental trajectories.
MethodsMultiple linear regression was used to investigate structural brain differences in two Scandinavian adolescent EOP cohorts (altogether 50 patients; ages 12.1-18.3 years (mean 16.4 years), 60% female; 68 controls; ages 12.0-18.8 years (mean 16.2 years), 62% female) acquired on two different 3 T GE MRI scanners. The statistical analysis included site as a covariate in addition to age, sex and intracranial volume (ICV). The results are presented by p-values, Cohens's-d effect size and with an indication of directionality. MRI scans were processed following the ENIGMA (http://enigma.ini.usc.edu/) structural image processing protocols using FreeSurfer (Fischl 2012) version 5.3.0 to measure subcortical brain volumes.
ResultsPreliminary results show significant or trend-significant group effects on right amygdala (P = 0.001, d = 0.33, patients < controls), total grey matter volume (P = 0.037, d = 0.21, patients < controls), ICV (P = 0.028, d = 0.22, patients < controls) and third ventricle (P = 0.067, d = 0.19, patients > controls). Sub-analyses in the two individual groups show overlapping findings in right amygdala. Previously reported enlarged lateral and 4th ventricles, and caudate, from a similar Scandinavian adolescent EOP cohort (Juuhl-Langseth, 2012) were not replicated.
ConclusionThere is a need for larger subject samples in EOP to better capture disease mechanisms. Research groups interested in participating can join ENIGMA-EOP through: http://enigma.ini.usc.edu/ongoing/enigma-eop-working-group/.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium
- E. Walton, D. P. Hibar, T. G. M. van Erp, S. G. Potkin, R. Roiz-Santiañez, B. Crespo-Facorro, P. Suarez-Pinilla, N. E. M. van Haren, S. M. C. de Zwarte, R. S. Kahn, W. Cahn, N. T. Doan, K. N. Jørgensen, T. P. Gurholt, I. Agartz, O. A. Andreassen, L. T. Westlye, I. Melle, A. O. Berg, L. Morch-Johnsen, A. Færden, L. Flyckt, H. Fatouros-Bergman, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project Consortium (KaSP), E. G. Jönsson, R. Hashimoto, H. Yamamori, M. Fukunaga, N. Jahanshad, P. De Rossi, F. Piras, N. Banaj, G. Spalletta, R. E. Gur, R. C. Gur, D. H. Wolf, T. D. Satterthwaite, L. M. Beard, I. E. Sommer, S. Koops, O. Gruber, A. Richter, B. Krämer, S. Kelly, G. Donohoe, C. McDonald, D. M. Cannon, A. Corvin, M. Gill, A. Di Giorgio, A. Bertolino, S. Lawrie, T. Nickson, H. C. Whalley, E. Neilson, V. D. Calhoun, P. M. Thompson, J. A. Turner, S. Ehrlich
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 48 / Issue 1 / January 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 May 2017, pp. 82-94
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Background
Our understanding of the complex relationship between schizophrenia symptomatology and etiological factors can be improved by studying brain-based correlates of schizophrenia. Research showed that impairments in value processing and executive functioning, which have been associated with prefrontal brain areas [particularly the medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC)], are linked to negative symptoms. Here we tested the hypothesis that MOFC thickness is associated with negative symptom severity.
MethodsThis study included 1985 individuals with schizophrenia from 17 research groups around the world contributing to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Cortical thickness values were obtained from T1-weighted structural brain scans using FreeSurfer. A meta-analysis across sites was conducted over effect sizes from a model predicting cortical thickness by negative symptom score (harmonized Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores).
ResultsMeta-analytical results showed that left, but not right, MOFC thickness was significantly associated with negative symptom severity (βstd = −0.075; p = 0.019) after accounting for age, gender, and site. This effect remained significant (p = 0.036) in a model including overall illness severity. Covarying for duration of illness, age of onset, antipsychotic medication or handedness weakened the association of negative symptoms with left MOFC thickness. As part of a secondary analysis including 10 other prefrontal regions further associations in the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and pars opercularis emerged.
ConclusionsUsing an unusually large cohort and a meta-analytical approach, our findings point towards a link between prefrontal thinning and negative symptom severity in schizophrenia. This finding provides further insight into the relationship between structural brain abnormalities and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.