Climate change has been identified as compromising food security in many case studies with Inuit communities in Canada. Largely neglected in the scholarship however, is research focusing on the gendered dimensions of Inuit food security in a changing climate. This paper reports on a community based participatory research project involving semi-structured interviews with Inuit women (n = 42), 10 focus groups (n = 40), key informant interviews (n = 8), and participant observation, to identify and characterise the determinants of food security among Inuit females in the community of Arviat, and examine the role played by climate and climate change. Results indicate that significant changes in climate being observed are not currently affecting female food security, with socio-economic-cultural factors primary determinants of food security. The nature of the traditional food system in Arviat based on harvesting land mammals reduces sensitivity to changing sea ice conditions which have been problematic in other Inuit communities. However, dependence on a limited number of animals for diet (primarily caribou, arctic char) increases sensitivity to potential future disruptions caused by climate change to these species and reduces response diversity as a coping mechanism.

1. Dacnusa areolaris Nees is a parasite of the fly Phytomyza angelicae Zett.

2. The egg is laid and development takes place within the body of the host.

3. A membrane of trophic cells is formed, within which the embryonic and first larval stages are passed.

4. The further growth and development of the parasite are delayed until after metamorphosis of the host, probably to ensure sufficient food in the later stages.

5. The length of the larval and pupal life of the parasite is intimately correlated with the puparial period of the host.

6. It is suggested that this is an adaptation to ensure that an adequate supply of host larvae shall be hatched by the time that the parasites are ready to oviposit.

7. Certain Chalcididae of the genera Eulophus and Chrysocharis are ectoparasites of Ph. angelicae, and a summary of observations on their life cycle is given.

An apparatus is described whereby the distribution of particles in a neutrally buoyant suspension of spheres flowing through a tube may be measured. The discovery of a narrow region of high concentration near to the tube wall, and the behaviour of this ‘wall peak’ at various concentrations and positions along the length of the tube are described. An explanation for this behaviour is put forward in terms of the formation of the peak by interaction of spheres with the tube entrance, and of the formation within this peak of necklace-like strings of particles.

It is shown that in Stokes's flow the perturbation field, due to the addition of one more sphere to a shear flow of a fluid containing a number of non-interacting spheres, has the property that the total additional shearing force, acting on any plane normal to the direction of velocity change, is zero. However, the perturbation velocity, integrated over such a plane, takes a constant value, positive if the plane lies on one side of the sphere and negative if it lies on the other side. It follows that the effect of all the spheres is not to alter the shearing stress at all, but to reduce the mean shear by a factor 1 – 2·5c, where c is the concentration. This suggests that Einstein's viscosity law should be altered to η = η0/(1 – 2·5c) when c is not small.

We present the results of the high magnetic field studies of properties of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown over high-pressure bulk GaN, sapphire, and insulating SiC substrates. The experimental results include the low field Hall measurements, cyclotron resonance measurements, and cryogenic temperature Quantum Hall Effect studies as well as room-temperature characteristics of High Electron Mobility Transistors fabricated on all these substrates. The room temperature high field measurements allow us to clearly separate the contributions of a parasitic parallel conduction from 2DEG conduction in all investigated heterostructures.

The magnetotransport measurements are performed in the magnetic fields up to 30 Tesla for temperatures between 50mK-300K. This high magnetic field in combination with very high mobilities (over 60.000 cm2/Vs) in the sample on the bulk GaN substrates allow us to observe features related both to cyclotron resonance and spin splitting. The temperature dependence of this splitting determines the spin and cyclotron resonance energy gaps and, in combination with cyclotron resonance and tilted field experiments, allows us to determine the complete energy structure of 2DEG conduction band. We also present the first experimental results showing so called “the exchange enhancement” of the energy gaps between spin Landau levels.

Background Early identification and specialised treatment of individuals with enduring positive symptoms may assist in alleviating symptoms and has the potential to change the course of illness.

Method Prevalence and descriptive data on enduring positive symptoms in two first-episode samples are outlined. Attempts to incorporate the focus of early intervention for persisting psychosis into routine clinical care of individuals with first-episode psychosis are described.

Results Of the 227 individuals with first-episode psychosis who were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at 3/6 months and 12 months following initial stabilisation (from a total sample of 347), 6.6% experienced enduring positive symptoms at all three time points. When the analysis was restricted to schizophrenia, schizophreniform and schizoaffective disorders (n=158) the percentage increased to 8.9%. These patients had significantly longer mean duration of untreated psychosis prior to initiation of treatment and, at 12-month follow-up, significantly higher depression and poorer psychosocial functioning.

Conclusions The association of untreated psychosis with treatment resistance supports the argument for early intervention as soon as possible following the onset of psychotic symptoms.

Background The present study describes the results of the pilottesting of a therapy we have developed for people with first-episode psychosis. Cognitively-oriented psychotherapy for early psychosis (COPE) is aimed at facilitating the adjustment of the person, and at preventing or alleviating secondary morbidity in the wake of the first psychotic episode.

Method Eighty people formed three groups: those who were offered and accepted COPE (COPE subjects); those who refused COPE (refusal subjects); and those who were offered neither COPE nor any other continuing treatment from our service (control subjects). The individuals were assessed prior to, and at the end of, COPE treatment (a 12-month period) on the Integration/Sealing Over, Explanatory Model, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Quality of Life, SCL–90–R, and Beck Depression Inventory measures.

Results People who received COPE obtained significantly superior scores (P < 0.05) to the control group on four of the seven measures but only significantly out-performed the refusal group on one of the seven measures (P<0.05). The COPE group performed significantly worse on the BDI than the refusal group (P < 0.05). Effect sizes are also provided for each measure.

Conclusions There seems to be a place for psychological therapy in this group of people butour results need to be replicated in a more definitive randomised controlled trial and such a study is now in progress.

Shubnikov-de Haas and Hall measurements have been performed on singly delta doped GaAs(Si) structures, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, enabling us to study the effects of illumination and temperature upon bulk and individual subband, mobilities and carrier concentrations. In a highly doped sample, where the peak 3D electron concentration approaches 2×1019cm−3, we have observed novel changes in subband transport characteristics, not observed in the lower doped samples, which we attribute to the presence of DX centre phenomena. This paper explains the variations in individual subband transport properties due to a possible shift of the electronic wave functions contained in the potential well. This shift occurs due to a recombination-autoionization(R-A) process involving filled DX centres and free holes upon sample illumination at low temperatures.

M. ribis, Linn, (red-currant aphis), on Ribes rubrum is dimorphic in respect of certain features of the antenna and of abdominal and wing dimensions.

The nature of the food, whether healthy or blistered by the attack of the fundatrix, seems to be the determining factor of this dimorphism.

The form from healthy leaves is probably identical with M. whitei, Theobald, and M. dispar, Patch.

M. ribis is migratory, and in summer colonises certain Labiatæ and other weeds; but this migration is not obligatory, and the entire life-cycle may be passed on currant.

On its summer host plant this species has been previously described as Phorodon galeopsidis, Kaltenbach.

There is a decline in fertility in the later part of the summer among the forms remaining on currant.

This is caused by a lower birth-rate, and not by the shortening of the life of the parent.

This decline, together with the attacks of predaceous and parasitic enemies, accounts for the frequent disappearance of the species from currant in August and September.

Both sexual forms may be produced, and eggs may be laid, on either host plant. Males transferred from Labiatæ to Ribes can fertilise the females on the latter plant.