Ebnerite and epiebnerite, both with the ideal formula NH4ZnPO4, are new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. They occur in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases. Epiebnerite grows epitactically on ebnerite and replaces it. Ebnerite and epiebnerite are found in intimate association with alunite, halite, mimetite, newberyite, sampleite, struvite and wulfenite on hematite-rich quartz–baryte matrix. Crystals of ebnerite are colourless narrow prisms up to ~0.3 mm in length. The streak is white, lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is ~2, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. The density is 2.78(2) g⋅cm–3. Ebnerite is optically uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.585(2) and ɛ = 1.575(2). Epiebnerite occurs as colourless prisms or blades, up to about 10 × 3 × 2 μm, in parallel growth forming ribs with serrated edges epitactic on ebnerite prisms. The streak is white, lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is probably ~2, tenacity is brittle. The calculated density is 2.851 g⋅cm–3. Epiebnerite is optically biaxial with all indices of refraction near 1.580. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [(NH4)0.89K0.06]Σ0.95(Zn0.96Cu0.07)Σ1.03[(P0.97Si0.03)Σ1.00O4] for ebnerite and [(NH4)0.67K0.28]Σ0.95(Zn0.99Cu0.02)Σ1.02(P1.00O4) for epiebnerite. Ebnerite is hexagonal, P63, with a = 10.67051(16), c = 8.7140(2) Å, V = 859.25(3) Å3 and Z = 8. Epiebnerite is monoclinic, P21, with a = 8.796(16), b = 5.457(16), c = 8.960(16) Å, β = 90.34(6)°, V = 430.1(17) Å3 and Z = 4. The structures of ebnerite (R1 = 0.0372 for 1168 Io > 2σI reflections) and epiebnerite (known from synthetic monoclinic NH4ZnPO4) are zeolite-like frameworks based upon corner-sharing linkages between alternating ZnO4 and PO4 tetrahedra with channels in the frameworks hosting the NH4 groups. The two structures are topologically distinct. Ebnerite belongs to the family of ‘stuffed derivatives’ of tridymite, whereas epiebnerite possesses an ABW-type zeolite structure.

The new mineral libbyite (IMA2022-091), (NH4)2(Na2□)[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]2⋅7H2O, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as tightly intergrown aggregates of light green–yellow equant crystals in a secondary assemblage with bobcookite, coquimbite, halotrichite, metavoltine, rhomboclase, römerite, tamarugite, voltaite and zincorietveldite. The streak is very pale green yellow and the fluorescence is strong green under 405 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~2½, the fracture is curved. The mineral is soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 3.465 g⋅cm–3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.581(2) and ɛ = 1.540(2). Electron microprobe analyses provided (NH4)1.92K0.08Na2.00U4.00S6.00O41H18.00. Libbyite is tetragonal, P41212, a = 10.7037(11), c = 31.824(2) Å, V = 3646.0(8) Å3 and Z = 4. The structural unit is a uranyl–sulfate sheet that has the same topology as the sheets in several synthetic uranyl selenates.

The new mineral zincorietveldite (IMA2022-070), Zn(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)5, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as yellow to orange–yellow blades in a secondary assemblage with bobcookite, coquimbite, halotrichite, libbyite, metavoltine, rhomboclase, römerite, tamarugite and voltaite. The streak is very pale yellow. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~2½ and the fracture is curved. Cleavage is excellent on {010}, good on {100} and fair on {001}. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 3.376 g⋅cm–3. The mineral is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.568(2), β = 1.577(2) and γ = 1.595(2); 2V = 70(1)°. Electron microprobe analyses provided (Zn0.720Mg0.109Fe0.091Mn0.046Co0.035)Σ1.00(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)5. Zincorietveldite is orthorhombic, Pmn21, a = 12.8712(9), b = 8.3148(4), c = 11.2959(4) Å, V = 1208.90(11) Å3 and Z = 4. Zincorietveldite is the Zn analogue of rietveldite. The structural unit is a uranyl-sulfate chain that is also found in the structures of bobcookite, oldsite, oppenheimerite and svornostite.

The new mineral shinarumpite (IMA2021-105), [Co(H2O)6][(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)]⋅4H2O, was found in the Scenic mine on Fry Mesa, White Canyon district, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary phase on granular quartz matrix in association with gypsum, deliensite, Co-rich rietveldite, scenicite, shumwayite and sulfur. Shinarumpite crystals are transparent, yellow, blades or prisms, up to 1 mm in length. The mineral has white streak, vitreous lustre and is nonfluorescent. It is brittle with irregular, curved fracture. The Mohs hardness is ~2½ and it has a perfect {100} cleavage. The density is 2.58(2) g⋅cm–3. Optically, the mineral is biaxial (–) with α = 1.515(2), β = 1.526(2), γ = 1.529(2) (white light); 2V = 55(1)°; extreme r < v dispersion; orientation: Z = b, X ^ a = 30° in obtuse β; pleochroism: X = very pale yellow, Y = pale yellow, Z = light yellow; X < Y < Z. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands consistent with UO22+, SO42– and O–H. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula [(Co0.51Ni0.28Fe0.21)Σ1.00(H2O)6][(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)]⋅4H2O. The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 10.37(100)(200), 5.73(43)(111), 5.20(70)(400, 202, 211), 4.70(31)($\bar{3}$11) and 3.326(30)(213, 021). Shinarumpite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 21.0549(15), b = 6.8708(5), c = 12.9106(5), β = 96.678(7)°, V = 1885.03(17) Å3 and Z = 4. In the structure of shinarumpite (R1 = 0.0336 for 2623 I > 2σI), linkages of pentagonal bipyramids and tetrahedra form an infinite [(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)]2– sheet. Isolated Co(H2O)6 octahedra and H2O groups occupy the interlayer region linking the sheets via an extensive system of hydrogen bonds. The structure of shinarumpite is very similar to that of leydetite. Uranyl sulfate structural unit types are discussed with respect to frequency and charge deficiency per anion (CDA).

The new mineral scenicite (IMA2021-057), [(UO2)(H2O)2(SO4)]2⋅3H2O, was found in the Green Lizard, Giveaway–Simplot, Markey and Scenic mines, White Canyon district, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary phase on granular quartz matrix in association with various combinations of deliensite, gypsum, natrozippeite, rietveldite and shumwayite. Scenicite crystals are transparent, light green yellow, poorly formed blades or prisms, up to 0.1 mm in length. The mineral has white streak and vitreous lustre. It exhibits bright greenish-white fluorescence (405 nm laser). It is brittle with irregular, curved fracture and a Mohs hardness of ~2. It has excellent {100} and good {001} cleavages. The calculated density is 3.497 g cm–3. Optically, the mineral is biaxial (–) with α = 1.556(2), β = 1.573(2), γ = 1.576(2) (white light); 2V = 45(3)°; extreme r < v dispersion; orientation: X = c, Y = a, Z = b; pleochroism: X and Y = colourless, Z = light green–yellow; and X = Y < Z. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands consistent with UO22+, SO42– and O–H. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula U1.996S2.005O19H13.997. The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 7.69(70)(201), 5.63(100)(111), 4.92(84)(202,310), 4.80(93)(401) and 3.398(55)(020,120,511,601). Scenicite is orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 21.2144(15), b = 6.8188(3) c = 11.2554(6) Å, V = 1628.18(16) Å3 and Z = 4. In the structure of scenicite (R1 = 0.0365 for 1259 I > 2σI), linkages of pentagonal bipyramids and tetrahedra form an infinite neutral [(UO2)(SO4)(H2O)2] chain. The structure of shumwayite contains topologically identical chains.

Dendoraite-(NH4), (NH4)2NaAl(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2, is a new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. It occurs in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases that include a variety of vanadates, phosphates, oxalates and chlorides, some containing NH4+. Other secondary minerals found in association with dendoraite-(NH4) are antipinite, fluorite, mimetite, mottramite, relianceite-(K), rowleyite, salammoniac, struvite, vanadinite, willemite, wulfenite and at least one other new mineral. Crystals of dendoraite-(NH4) are colourless blades up to ~0.1 mm in length. The streak is white and lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is 2½, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. The calculated density is 2.122 g⋅cm–3. Dendoraite-(NH4) is optically biaxial (–) with α = 1.490(5), β = 1.540(5) and γ = 1.541(5) (white light); 2Vcalc = 15.7°; and orientation X = b. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [(NH4)1.48K0.52]Σ2.00Na0.96(Al0.96Fe3+0.03)Σ0.99(C2O4)[PO2.97(OH)1.03]2(H2O)2, with the C, N and H contents constrained by the crystal structure. Dendoraite-(NH4) is monoclinic, P21/n, with a = 10.695(6), b = 6.285(4), c = 19.227(12) Å, β = 90.933(10)°, V = 1292(2) Å3, and Z = 4. The structural unit in the crystal structure of dendoraite-(NH4) (R1 = 0.0467 for 1322 Io > 2σI reflections) is a double-strand chain of corner-sharing AlO6 octahedra and PO3OH tetrahedra decorated by additional PO3OH tetrahedra and C2O4 groups. Topologically, this is the same chain found in the structure of thebaite-(NH4). The decorated chains connect to one another through links to NaO7(H2O) polyhedra to form a [Na(H2O)Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2]2– sheet, which connect to one another through bonds to (NH4)/K and through hydrogen bonds.

Relianceite-(K), K4Mg(V4+O)2(C2O4)(PO3OH)4(H2O)10, is a new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. It occurs in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases. Other secondary minerals associated with relianceite-(K) are antipinite, dendoraite-(NH4), fluorite, mimetite, mottramite, rowleyite, salammoniac, struvite, vanadinite, willemite, wulfenite and at least one other new mineral. Crystals of relianceite-(K) are sky blue prisms up to ~0.1 mm in length. The streak is very pale blue and lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is 2½, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. The calculated density is 2.111 g⋅cm–3. Relianceite-(K) is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.528(2), β = 1.529(2), γ = 1.562(2) (white light); 2Vmeas = 22(1)°; orientation Z = b; pleochroism: X = colourless, Y = pale blue, Z = pale blue; X < Y ≈ Z. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [K2.21(NH4)1.79]Σ4.00Mg0.96(V4+0.95O)2(C2O4)[P1.03O3.03(OH)0.97]4(H2O)10, with the C, N and H contents constrained by the crystal structure. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NH4 and C2O4. Relianceite-(K) is monoclinic, Pc, with a = 12.404 (7) Å, b = 9.014 (6), c = 13.260 (8) Å, β = 100.803(10)°, V = 1456 (2) Å3 and Z = 2. The structural unit in the crystal structure of relianceite-(K) (R1 = 0.0540 for 3751 Io > 2σI reflections) is a (V4+O)2(C2O4)(PO3OH)4 chain in which VO6 octahedra are bridged by an oxalate group to form [V2C2O12] dimers, PO3OH tetrahedra form a double bridge between the VO6 octahedra of the dimers, and additional PO3OH tetrahedra decorate the chain. Topologically, this is the same chain found in the structure of davidbrownite-(NH4). The MgO(H2O)5 octahedron can be considered a distant decoration on the chain. The chains are linked to each other through an extensive system of K/NH4–O bonds and hydrogen bonds.

The new mineral paramarkeyite (IMA2021-024), Ca2(UO2)(CO3)3⋅5H2O, was found in the Markey mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary phase on gypsum-coated asphaltum in association with andersonite, calcite, gypsum and natromarkeyite. Paramarkeyite crystals are transparent, pale green-yellow, striated tablets, up to 0.11 mm across. The mineral has white streak and vitreous lustre. It exhibits moderate bluish-white fluorescence (405 nm laser). It is very brittle with irregular, curved fracture and a Mohs hardness of 2½. It has an excellent {100} cleavage and probably two good cleavages on {010} and {001}. The measured density is 2.91(2) g cm–3. Optically, the mineral is biaxial (–) with α = 1.550(2), β = 1.556(2), γ = 1.558(2) (white light); 2V = 60(2)°; strong r > v dispersion; orientation: Y = b; nonpleochroic. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands consistent with UO22+, CO32– and O–H. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula (Ca1.83Na0.20Sr0.03)Σ2.05(UO2)(CO3)3⋅5H2O (+0.07 H). Paramarkeyite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 17.9507(7), b = 18.1030(8), c = 18.3688(13) Å, β = 108.029(8)°, V = 5676.1(6) Å3 and Z = 16. The structure of paramarkeyite (R1 = 0.0647 for 6657 I > 2σI) contains uranyl tricarbonate clusters that are linked by Ca–O polyhedra to form heteropolyhedral layers. The structure of paramarkeyite is very similar to those of markeyite, natromarkeyite and pseudomarkeyite.

Thebaite-(NH4), (NH4,K)3Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O), is a new mineral species (IMA2020-072) from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. It occurs in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases that include a variety of vanadates, phosphates, oxalates and chlorides, some containing NH4+. Other secondary minerals found in association with thebaite-(NH4) are antipinite, vanadinite and at least one other new mineral. Crystals of thebaite-(NH4) are colourless blades up to ~0.1 mm in length. The streak is white, lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is 1½–2, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. There are two good cleavages in the [010] zone, probably {100} and {10$\bar{2}$}. The calculated density is 2.093 g⋅cm–3. Thebaite-(NH4) is optically biaxial (–) with α = 1.490(2), β = 1.534(2), γ = 1.570(2) (white light); 2V = 82.7(5)°; slight r > v dispersion; and orientation X = b, Y ^ c = 13° in obtuse β. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [(NH4)2.12K0.69Na0.20]Σ3.01(Al0.84Fe3+0.11V3+0.04)Σ0.99(C2O4)[(P0.98Si0.02)O3OH]2(H2O), with the C, N and H contents constrained by the crystal structure. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NH4 and C2O4. Thebaite-(NH4) is monoclinic, P21/c, with a = 11.156(9), b = 6.234(6), c = 18.651(16) Å, β = 102.928(15)°, V = 1264.2(19) Å3 and Z = 4. The structural unit in the crystal structure of thebaite-(NH4) (R1 = 0.0612 for 863 Io > 2σI reflections) is a double-strand chain of corner-sharing AlO6 octahedra and PO3OH tetrahedra decorated by additional PO3OH tetrahedra and C2O4 groups. The decorated chains connect to one another through bonds to NH4+ and K+ and through hydrogen bonds.

The new minerals natromarkeyite, Na2Ca8(UO2)4(CO3)13(H2O)24⋅3H2O (IMA2018-152) and pseudomarkeyite, Ca8(UO2)4(CO3)12(H2O)18⋅3H2O (IMA2018-114) were found in the Markey mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where they occur as secondary phases on asphaltum. Natromarkeyite properties are: untwinned blades and tablets to 0.2 mm, pale yellow green colour; transparent; white streak; bright bluish white fluorescence (405 nm laser); vitreous to pearly lustre; brittle; Mohs hardness 1½ to 2; irregular fracture; three cleavages ({001} perfect, {100} and {010} good); density = 2.70(2) g cm–3; biaxial (–) with α = 1.528(2), β = 1.532(2) and γ = 1.533(2); and pleochroism is X = pale green yellow, Y ≈ Z = light green yellow. Pseudomarkeyite properties are: twinned tapering blades and tablets to 1 mm; pale green yellow colour; transparent; white streak; bright bluish white fluorescence (405 nm laser); vitreous to pearly lustre; brittle; Mohs hardness ≈ 1; stepped fracture; three cleavages ({10$\bar{1}$} very easy, {010} good, {100} fair); density = 2.88(2) g cm–3; biaxial (–) with α = 1.549(2), β = 1.553(2) and γ = 1.557(2); and it is nonpleochroic. The Raman spectra of markeyite, natromarkeyite and pseudomarkeyite are very similar and exhibit bands consistent with UO22+, CO32– and O–H. Electron microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Na2.01Ca7.97Mg0.03Cu2+0.05(UO2)4(CO3)13(H2O)24⋅3H2O (–0.11 H) for natromarkeyite and Ca7.95(UO2)4(CO3)12(H2O)18⋅3H2O (+0.10 H) for pseudomarkeyite. Natromarkeyite is orthorhombic, Pmmn, a = 17.8820(13), b = 18.3030(4), c = 10.2249(3) Å, V = 3336.6(3) Å3 and Z = 2. Pseudomarkeyite is monoclinic, P21/m, a = 17.531(3), b = 18.555(3), c = 9.130(3) Å, β = 103.95(3)°, V = 2882.3(13) Å3 and Z = 2. The structures of natromarkeyite (R1 = 0.0202 for 2898 I > 2σI) and pseudomarkeyite (R1 = 0.0787 for 2106 I > 2σI) contain uranyl tricarbonate clusters that are linked by (Ca/Na)–O polyhedra forming thick corrugated heteropolyhedral layers. Natromarkeyite is isostructural with markeyite; pseudomarkeyite has a very similar structure.

Hagstromite, Pb8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4, (IMA2019-093) is a new tellurate mineral from Otto Mountain near Baker, California, USA. It occurs on quartz in association with cerussite, fuettererite and thorneite. It is a secondary oxidation zone mineral and is presumed to have formed by oxidation of earlier formed tellurides, chalcopyrite and galena. Hagstromite occurs as light yellow–green blades, up to ~100 μm long. Crystals are transparent with adamantine to silky lustre. The mineral is brittle with two cleavages providing splintery fracture; the Mohs hardness is probably between 2 and 3. The calculated density is 7.062 g cm–3. Hagstromite is optically biaxial (+), with calculated indices of refraction for α = 2.045, β = 2.066 and γ = 2.102; 2Vmeas = 76(1)°; and optical orientation X = b, Y = a and Z = c. The Raman spectrum of hagstromite exhibits similarities with those of agaite and thorneite and confirms the presence of CO32–. The electron microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Pb8.07Cu2+0.98Te6+1.96C1.17Cl3.83O15.34. Hagstromite is orthorhombic, space group Ibam, with a = 23.688(17), b = 9.026(8), c = 10.461(8) Å, V = 2237(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure of hagstromite (R1 = 0.0659 for 284 I > 2σI reflections) contains a novel Cu2+Te6+2O12 chain assembled of corner-sharing Cu2+O4 squares and Te6+O6 octahedra. The O atoms in the chains form bonds with Pb2+ cations, which in turn bond to Cl– and CO32– anions, thereby creating a framework structure.

The new mineral uranoclite (IMA2020-074), (UO2)2(OH)2Cl2(H2O)4, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as tightly intergrown aggregates of irregular yellow crystals in a secondary assemblage with gypsum. The streak is very pale yellow and the fluorescence is bright green–white under 405 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are translucent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~1½, the fracture is irregular. The mineral is soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 4.038 g⋅cm–3. Electron microprobe analyses provided (UO2)2(OH)2.19Cl1.81(H2O)4. The six strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.85(38)(002), 5.340(100)(200, 110), 5.051(63)($\bar{2}$02), 4.421(83)(112, 004, 202), 3.781(38)($\bar{2}$12) and 3.586(57)(014, $\bar{2}$04). Uranoclite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 10.763(8), b = 6.156(8), c = 17.798(8) Å, β = 95.656(15)°, V = 1173.5(18) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure is the same as that of synthetic (UO2)2(OH)2Cl2(H2O)4 in which the structural unit is a dimer consisting of two pentagonal bipyramids that share an equatorial OH–OH edge. The dimers are linked to one another only by hydrogen bonding. This is the second known uranyl mineral containing essential Cl and the first in which Cl coordinates to U6+.

The new mineral pseudomeisserite-(NH4) (IMA2018-166), (NH4,K)2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5]⋅4H2O, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as light yellow prisms in a secondary assemblage with belakovskiite, blödite, changoite, ferrinatrite, gypsum, ivsite, metavoltine and tamarugite. The streak is very pale yellow and the fluorescence is bright lime green under 405 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is 2½, the fracture is curved or conchoidal and there is one perfect cleavage on {100}. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O and has a measured density of 3.22(2) g⋅cm–3. Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is optically biaxial (–) with α = 1.536(2), β = 1.559(2) and γ = 1.565(2) (white light); 2Vmeas. = 53(1)°; dispersion is r > v, distinct; pleochroism: X colourless, Y light yellow and Z pale yellow (X < Z < Y); optical orientation: Z = b, Y ∧ c = 33° in obtuse β). Electron microprobe analyses (WDS mode) provided (NH4)1.49K0.60Na3.87U2.00S5.04O28H7.78. The five strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs, Å(I)(hkl)]: 12.69(76)(100), 6.83(84)(012,102), 6.01(100)($\bar{2}$02), 3.959(67)($\bar{2}$21,$\bar{2}$14,$\bar{1}$23) and 3.135(76)($\bar{2}$06,223,$\bar{1}$16). Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 13.1010(3), b = 10.0948(2), c = 19.4945(14) Å, β = 104.285(7)°, V = 2498.5(2) Å3 and Z = 4. The structural unit in the structure (R1 = 0.0254 for 3837 I > 2σI reflections) is a novel [(UO2)2(SO4)5]6– uranyl-sulfate band.

Davidbrownite-(NH4), (NH4,K)5(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4·3H2O, is a new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. It occurs in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases that include a variety of vanadates, phosphates, oxalates and chlorides, some containing NH4+. Other secondary minerals found in association with davidbrownite-(NH4) are antipinite, fluorite, mimetite, mottramite, quartz, rowleyite, salammoniac, struvite, vanadinite, willemite and wulfenite. Crystals of davidbrownite-(NH4) are light green–blue needles or narrow blades up to ~0.2 mm long. The streak is white, the lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is ca. 2, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. There are two good cleavages in the [010] zone, probably {100} and {001}. The measured density is 2.12(2) g cm–3. Davidbrownite-(NH4) is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.540(2), β = 1.550(5) and γ = 1.582(2) (white light); 2V = 58.5(5)°; moderate r > v dispersion; and orientation Z = b and Y ≈ a. Pleochroism: X = pale blue, Y = nearly colourless, Z = light blue; and Y < X < Z. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [(NH4)3.11K1.73Na0.09]Σ4.93[(V4+1.92Mg0.01Al0.02)Σ1.95O2](C2O4) [(P3.94As0.12)Σ4.06O10.94(OH)5.06]·3H2O, with the C and H content provided by the crystal structure. Raman and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NH4 and C2O4. Davidbrownite-(NH4) is monoclinic, P21/c, with a = 10.356(6), b = 8.923(5), c = 13.486(7) Å, β = 92.618(9)°, V = 1244.9(12) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure of davidbrownite-(NH4) (R1 = 0.0524 for 2062 Io > 2σI reflections) consists of a chain structural unit with the formula {(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4}5–, and a disordered interstitial complex containing five large monovalent cations (NH4+ and K+) and three H2O groups pfu. Strong hydrogen bonds form links within and between the chains.

Uroxite (IMA2018-100), [(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2]⋅H2O, and metauroxite (IMA2019-030), (UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2, are the first two uranyl oxalate minerals. Uroxite was found in the Markey mine, Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, USA and in the Burro mine, Slick Rock district, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA. Metauroxite was found only in the Burro mine. Both minerals are post-mining secondary phases found in efflorescent crusts on mine walls. Uroxite occurs as light yellow striated blades exhibiting moderate neon-green fluorescence, ca 2 Mohs hardness with good {101} and {010} cleavages. Calculated density = 4.187 g/cm3. Optics are: biaxial (–), α = 1.602(2), β = 1.660(2), γ = 1.680(2) (white light), 2Vmeas. = 59(1)°, 2Vcalc = 59.1°, moderate r > v dispersion, orientation Y = b, Z ∧ a = 35° in obtuse β and it is nonpleochroic. Metauroxite occurs as light yellow crude blades and tablets exhibiting weak green–grey fluorescence, ca 2 Mohs hardness with good {001} cleavage. Calculated density = 4.403 g/cm3. Approximate optics are: α′ = 1.615(5) and γ′ = 1.685(5). Electron probe microanalysis provided UO3 79.60, C2O3 10.02, H2O 10.03, total 99.65 wt.% for uroxite and UO3 82.66, C2O3 10.40, H2O 7.81, total 100.87 wt.% for metauroxite; C2O3 and H2O are based on the structures. Uroxite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 5.5698(2), b = 15.2877(6), c = 13.3724(9) Å, β = 94.015(7)°, V = 1135.86(10) Å3 and Z = 4. Metauroxite is triclinic, P${\bar 1}$, a = 5.5635(3), b = 6.1152(4), c = 7.8283(4) Å, α = 85.572(5), β = 89.340(4), γ = 82.468°, V = 263.25(3) Å3 and Z = 1. The strongest reflections of the powder XRD pattern [d, Å (I, %)(hkl)] are for uroxite: 10.05(38)(011), 5.00(100)(022, ${\bar 1}$11), 4.75(23)(031), 4.43(51)(120, ${\bar 1}$02), 3.567(33)(131), 3.341(29)(033, ${\bar 1}$32, 004), 2.623(28)(${\bar 2}$02, 015, ${\bar 1}$43, 220) and for metauroxite: 6.06(45)(010), 5.52(33)(100), 4.97(34)(011), 4.52(100)(0${\bar 1}$1, 101), 3.888(80)(111, 002, ${\bar 1}$10), 3.180(51)(${\bar 1}$02, 0${\bar 1}$2), 2.604(32)(${\bar 2}$01, ${\bar 1}$${\bar 2}$1). In the structure of uroxite (R1 = 0.0333 for 2081 I > 2σI reflections), UO7 pentagonal bipyramids share corners forming [U4O24] tetramers, which are linked by C2O4 groups to form corrugated sheets. In the structure of metauroxite (R1 = 0.0648 for 1602 I > 2σI reflections) UO7 pentagonal bipyramids share edges forming [U2O12] dimers, which are linked by C2O4 groups to form zigzag chains.

The new mineral lussierite (IMA2018-101), Na10[(UO2)(SO4)4](SO4)2(H2O)3, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as pale green–yellow prisms or blades in a secondary assemblage with belakovskiite, ferrinatrite, halite, ivsite, metavoltine and thénardite. The streak is white and the fluorescence is bright cyan under 365 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is 2½, the fracture is irregular and no cleavage was observed. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O and has a measured density of 2.87(2) g cm–3. Lussierite is optically biaxial (+), with α = 1.493(1), β = 1.505(1) and γ = 1.518(1) (white light); 2Vmeas. = 88(1)°; dispersion is r > v, moderate; pleochroism: X = colourless, Y and Z = green yellow (X < Y ≈ Z); optical orientation: X = b, Z ∧ a = 44° in obtuse β. Electron microprobe analyses (wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy mode) provided Na10(U0.99O2)(S1.00O4)6·3H2O (+0.06 H for charge balance). The five strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 6.69(95)($\bar{1}$11,130), 4.814(100)(150,002,060), 3.461(83)(171,$\bar{2}$02), 2.955(81)(113,330) and 2.882(74)($\bar{1}$91,311,191,0·10·0). Lussierite is monoclinic, Cc, a = 9.3134(4), b = 28.7501(11), c = 9.6346(7) Å, β = 93.442(7)°, V = 2575.1(2) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure (R1 = 0.0298 for 5202 I > 2σI) contains a [(UO2)(SO4)4]6– uranyl sulfate cluster in which one SO4 tetrahedron shares an edge (bidentate linkage) with the UO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The uranyl sulfate clusters occur in layers and are linked through a complex network of bonds involving Na+ cations, isolated SO4 tetrahedra and isolated H2O groups.

The crystal structure of tlapallite has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and supported by electron probe micro-analysis, powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Tlapallite is trigonal, space group P321, with a = 9.1219(17) Å, c = 11.9320(9) Å and V = 859.8(3) Å3, and was refined to R1 = 0.0296 for 786 reflections with I > 2σ(I). This study resulted from the discovery of well-crystallised tlapallite at the Wildcat prospect, Utah, USA. The chemical formula of tlapallite has been revised to (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O, or more simply (Ca,Pb)3CaCu6Te4+8Te6+2O30(SO4)2·3H2O, from H6(Ca,Pb)2(Cu,Zn)3(TeO3)4(TeO6)(SO4). The tlapallite structure consists of layers containing distorted Cu2+O6 octahedra, Te6+O6 octahedra and Te4+O4 disphenoids (which together form the new mixed-valence phyllotellurate anion [Te4+3Te6+O12]12−), Te4+O3 trigonal pyramids and CaO8 polyhedra. SO4 tetrahedra, Ca(H2O)3O6 polyhedra and H2O groups fill the space between the layers. Tlapallite is only the second naturally occurring compound containing tellurium in both the 4+ and 6+ oxidation states with a known crystal structure, the other being carlfriesite, CaTe4+2Te6+O8. Carlfriesite is the predominant secondary tellurium mineral at the Wildcat prospect. We also present an updated structure for carlfriesite, which has been refined to R1 = 0.0230 for 874 reflections with I > 2σ(I). This updated structural refinement improves upon the one reported previously by refining all atoms anisotropically and presenting models of bond valence and Te4+ secondary bonding.