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5 results

  • Chapter Eight - Aligning evidence for use in decisions: mechanisms to link collated evidence to the needs of policy-makers and practitioners

  • from Part I - Identifying priorities and collating the evidence
  • Edited by William J. Sutherland, University of Cambridge, Peter N. M. Brotherton, Zoe G. Davies, Nancy Ockendon, University of Cambridge, Nathalie Pettorelli, Zoological Society of London, Juliet A. Vickery, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Bedfordshire
  • Book:
    Conservation Research, Policy and Practice
    Published online:
    18 April 2020
    Print publication:
    16 April 2020, pp 129-142
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  • Summary

    A major challenge in linking conservation science and policy is deciding how, and when, to offer relevant science to decision-makers to have the greatest impact on decisions. This chapter argues it is a question of alignment – of selecting the right knowledge to address the needs of decision-makers, ensuring that knowledge is accessible to them, and articulating it within their decision-making processes. The chapter describes three mechanisms to enhance this alignment: decision support tools; active knowledge exchange mechanisms; and large-scale scientific assessments. For each, we provide examples and draw out guidelines regarding circumstances in which the mechanism is likely to be most effective. No single mechanism is consistently best at aligning evidence with policy and practice. Each has strengths and weaknesses, and can be applied in different circumstances and at different scales. The chapter ends with a call for these mechanisms that link synthesised evidence with policy and practice decisions to be funded sufficiently, alongside environmental research, to enable adherence to core values of salience, legitimacy, credibility and transparency.

  • What Works in Conservation 2018

  • Claire Wordley, Silviu Petrovan, Rebecca Smith, Lynn Dicks, Nancy Ockendon, William Sutherland
  • Journal:
    Oryx / Volume 52 / Issue 4 / October 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 September 2018, pp. 609-610
    Print publication:
    October 2018
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  • Alcohol use disorders and the course of depressive and anxiety disorders

  • Lynn Boschloo, Nicole Vogelzangs, Wim van den Brink, Johannes H. Smit, Dick J. Veltman, Aartjan T. F. Beekman, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
  • Journal:
    The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 200 / Issue 6 / June 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2018, pp. 476-484
    Print publication:
    June 2012
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  • Background

    Inconsistent findings have been reported on the role of comorbid alcohol use disorders as risk factors for a persistent course of depressive and anxiety disorders.

    Aims

    To determine whether the course of depressive and/or anxiety disorders is conditional on the type (abuse or dependence) or severity of comorbid alcohol use disorders.

    Method

    In a large sample of participants with current depression and/or anxiety (n = 1369) we examined whether the presence and severity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence predicted the 2-year course of depressive and/or anxiety disorders.

    Results

    The persistence of depressive and/or anxiety disorders at the 2-year follow-up was significantly higher in those with remitted or current alcohol dependence (persistence 62% and 67% respectively), but not in those with remitted or current alcohol abuse (persistence 51% and 46% respectively), compared with no lifetime alcohol use disorder (persistence 53%). Severe (meeting six or seven diagnostic criteria) but not moderate (meeting three to five criteria) current dependence was a significant predictor as 95% of those in the former group still had a depressive and/or anxiety disorder at follow-up. This association remained significant after adjustment for severity of depression and anxiety, psychosocial factors and treatment factors.

    Conclusions

    Alcohol dependence, especially severe current dependence, is a risk factor for an unfavourable course of depressive and/or anxiety disorders, whereas alcohol abuse is not.