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36 results

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  • Household transmission of human metapneumovirus and seasonal coronavirus

  • Cristalyne Bell, Cecilia He, Derek Norton, Maureen Goss, Guanhua Chen, Jonathan Temte
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 152 / 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 May 2024, e90
    • Article
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  • We analyzed data from a community-based acute respiratory illness study involving K-12 students and their families in southcentral Wisconsin and assessed household transmission of two common seasonal respiratory viruses – human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 (HCOV). We found secondary infection rates of 12.2% (95% CI: 8.1%–17.4%) and 19.2% (95% CI: 13.8%–25.7%) for HMPV and HCOV, respectively. We performed individual- and family-level regression models and found that HMPV transmission was positively associated age of the index case (individual model: p = .016; family model: p = .004) and HCOV transmission was positively associated with household density (family model: p = .048). We also found that the age of the non-index case was negatively associated with transmission of both HMPV (individual model: p = .049) and HCOV (individual model: p = .041), but we attributed this to selection bias from the original study design. Understanding household transmission of common respiratory viruses like HMPV and HCOV may help to broaden our understanding of the overall disease burden and establish methods to prevent the spread of disease from low- to high-risk populations.

  • Exploring social inclusivity within the University of the Third Age (U3A): a model of collaborative research

  • REBECCA PATTERSON, SUZANNE MOFFATT, MAUREEN SMITH, JESSICA SCOTT, CHRISTOPHER MCLOUGHLIN, JUDITH BELL, NORMAN BELL
  • Journal:
    Ageing & Society / Volume 36 / Issue 8 / September 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 June 2015, pp. 1580-1603
    Print publication:
    September 2016

  • Lifelong learning is believed to have physical, social and emotional benefits for older adults. In recognition of this, numerous programmes encouraging learning in later life exist worldwide. One example is the University of the Third Age (U3A) – a lifelong learning co-operative rooted in peer-support and knowledge sharing. This article is based on a collaborative study conducted by university researchers and members of a U3A in North-East England (United Kingdom) investigating the social inclusivity of the group in light of low attendance levels among those from social housing and non-professional backgrounds. A qualitative approach comprising semi-structured interviews and focus groups was adopted to explore knowledge and experience of lifelong learning and the U3A. Sixty individuals aged 50+ were interviewed. The demographic profile of participants largely reflected the socio-economic make-up of the area, with the majority living in areas of high socio-economic deprivation. Several barriers to lifelong learning were revealed, including: poor health, insufficient transport and caring responsibilities. Regarding U3A participation, three exclusionary factors were outlined: lack of knowledge, organisational name and location. Poor comprehension of the purpose and remit of the U3A can result in the development of ‘middle-class' myths regarding membership, perpetuating poor participation rates among lower socio-economic groups. Such perceptions must be dispelled to allow the U3A to fulfil its potential as a highly inclusive organisation.

  • 15 - The English provincial book trade: evidence from the British book trade index

  • from I - LONDON AND THE ‘COUNTRY’
  • Edited by Michael F. Suarez, SJ, University of Virginia, Michael L. Turner, Bodleian Library, Oxford
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain
    Published online:
    28 September 2010
    Print publication:
    29 October 2009, pp 335-351

  • Summary

    This chapter explores British book trade index (BBTI)'s evidence for the systematic study of the English provincial book trade. In attempting to identify the scale of book-trade activity in the provinces between 1700 and 1850, BBTI records have been used to create a series of comparative 'snapshots' at twenty-five-year intervals for twenty-eight selected English provincial towns. This chapter shows the ratio of printers per thousand population in Bristol and Liverpool, and the development of printing in two medium-sized East Midlands market towns, namely, Leicester and Nottingham. Clearly, in order to understand the apparent surge in printing activity in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, one needs to delve beneath the broad term 'printer' to discover what exactly the traders so described were doing. Valuable evidence for the day-to-day work of the 'jobbing' printer has been presented by John Feather who cites, for example, the specialist box printer John Varden and the printer Cheney in Banbury in 1790.

The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain
  • Volume 4, 1557–1695
  • Edited by John Barnard, D. F. McKenzie
  • With Maureen Bell
  • Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 November 2002
  • Volume 4 of The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain covers the years between the incorporation of the Stationers' Company in 1557 and the lapsing of the Licensing Act in 1695. In a period marked by deep religious divisions, civil war and the uneasy settlement of the Restoration, printed texts - important as they were for disseminating religious and political ideas, both heterodox and state approved - interacted with oral and manuscript cultures. These years saw a growth in reading publics, from the developing mass market in almanacs, ABCs, chapbooks, ballads and news, to works of instruction and leisure. Atlases, maps and travel literature overlapped with the popular market but were also part of the project of empire. Alongside the creation of a literary canon and the establishment of literary publishing there was a tradition of dissenting publishing, while women's writing and reading became increasingly visible.

  • 31 - Mise-en-page, illustration, expressive form

  • from THE BUSINESS OF PRINT AND THE SPACE OF READING
  • Edited by John Barnard, University of Leeds, D. F. McKenzie, University of Oxford
  • With Maureen Bell, University of Birmingham
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 November 2002, pp 632-662

  • Summary

    The study of the printed page as expressive form is a relatively recent development. This chapter provides a list of case studies, which demonstrates how the details of physical form, from whole book to individual page, resonate with larger social, intellectual and political issues. Some of the case studies described in the chapter include rhetoric of paratext in early printed books, typography of Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan and the Polyglot Bible. All aspects of the text's physical form are capable of constituting meaning. The arrangement of illustration and text on the page has particularly engaged the attention of scholars of emblem books. The meaning of the early modern text inheres in its typographic expression, the layout of the page and the choice of type, which can be examined not only for its embodiment of textual structure and content but also for its embodiment of orality.

  • 20 - Women writing and women written

  • from LITERARY CANONS
  • Edited by John Barnard, University of Leeds, D. F. McKenzie, University of Oxford
  • With Maureen Bell, University of Birmingham
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 November 2002, pp 431-452

  • Summary

    Feminist literary historians have in recent years turned their attention to the early modern period for tracking the emergence of women writers into print and positing a burgeoning market in female literature. An enquiry of this kind must look to the relationship between the terms woman and writer, and consider woman as subject-matter for and in print. Using the history of the book as the frame work for discussion situates both women as writers and women as written in the context of the operations of the book trade. It allows women writers to be seen in relation to the intermediaries between writing and print (transcriber, amanuensis, editor, printer, bookseller) and in relation to a growing market for books about women. It takes into account the role of women in the material production of print (as printers, publisher/booksellers, binders, mercuries, hawkers); and bringing into view the evidence for women as consumers of print (buying, owning and reading books).

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