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Most evidence on suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts comes from Western countries; prevalence rates may differ in other parts of the world.
Aims
This study determined the prevalence of suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts in high school students in three different regional settings in Kenya.
Method
This was a cross-sectional study of 2652 high school students. We asked structured questions to determine the prevalence of various types of suicidality, the methods planned or effected, and participants’ gender, age and form (grade level). We provided descriptive statistics, testing significant differences by chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, and used logistic regression to identify relationships among different variables and their associations with suicidality.
Results
The prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts were 26.8, 14.9 and 15.7%, respectively. These rates are higher than those reported for Western countries. Some 6.7% of suicide attempts were not associated with plans. The most common method used in suicide attempts was drinking chemicals/poison (18.8%). Rates of suicidal thoughts and plans were higher for older students and students in urban rather than rural locations, and attempts were associated with female gender and higher grade level – especially the final year of high school, when exam performance affects future education and career prospects.
Conclusion
Suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts are prevalent in Kenyan high school students. There is a need for future studies to determine the different starting points to suicidal attempts, particularly for the significant number whose attempts are not preceded by thoughts and plans.
The sustainability concept seeks to balance how present and future generations of humans meet their needs. But because nature is viewed only as a resource, sustainability fails to recognize that humans and other living beings depend on each other for their well-being. We therefore argue that true sustainability can only be achieved if the interdependent needs of all species of current and future generations are met, and propose calling this ‘multispecies sustainability’. We explore the concept through visualizations and scenarios, then consider how it might be applied through case studies involving bees and healthy green spaces.
Since the mid-1980s there has been a sharp rise in the number of literary publications by Indigenous Australians and in the readership and impact of those works. One contemporary Aboriginal Australianauthor who continues to make a contribution to both the Australian and the global canon is Kim Scott (1957-). Scott has won many awards, including Australia's highest, the prestigious Miles FranklinAward, for his novels Benang (in 2000) and That Deadman Dance(in 2011). Scott has also published in other literary genres, including poetry, the short story, and children's literature, and he has written and worked professionally on Indigenous health issues. Despite Scott's national and international acclaim, there is currently no comprehensive critical companion that contextualizeshis work for scholars, students, and general readers. A Companion to the Works of Kim Scott fills this void by providing a collection of eleven original essays focusing on Scott's novels, shortstories, poetry, and his work with the Wirlomin Noongar Language and Stories Project and Indigenous health. The companion also includes an original interview with the author.
Contributors: Christine Choo, Arindam Das, Per Henningsgaard, Tony Hughes-d'Aeth, Jeanine Leane, Brenda Machosky, Nathanael Pree, Natalie Quinlivan, Lydia Saleh Rofail, Lisa Slater, Rosalie Thackrah and Sandra Thompson, Belinda Wheeler, Gillian Whitlock and Roger Osborne.
Belinda Wheeler is Assistant Professor of English at Claflin University, Orangeburg, South Carolina.