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105 results

Page 1 of 6

  • A Method of Matrix Analysis of Group Structure

  • R. Duncan Luce, Albert D. Perry
  • Journal:
    Psychometrika / Volume 14 / Issue 2 / June 1949
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2025, pp. 95-116

  • Matrix methods may be applied to the analysis of experimental data concerning group structure when these data indicate relationships which can be depicted by line diagrams such as sociograms. One may introduce two concepts, n-chain and clique, which have simple relationships to the powers of certain matrices. Using them it is possible to determine the group structure by methods which are both faster and more certain than less systematic methods. This paper describes such a matrix method and applies it to the analysis of practical examples. At several points some unsolved problems in this field are indicated.

  • A.6 INDIGO: a global, randomized, double-blinded, Phase 3 study of vorasidenib versus placebo in patients with grade 2 glioma with an IDH1/2 mutation (mIDH1/2)

  • JR Perry, IK Mellinghoff, M van den Bent, DT Blumenthal, M Touat, KB Peters, J Clarke, J Mendez, S Yust-Katz, W Mason, F Ducray, Y Umemura, B Nabors, M Holdhoff, AF Hottinger, Y Arakawa, J Sepúlveda, W Wick, R Soffietti, P Giglio, M de la Fuente, E Maher, BM Ellingson, A Bottomley, D Zhao, SS Pandya, AE Tron, L Steelman, I Hassan, PY Wen, TF Cloughesy
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 51 / Issue s1 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 May 2024, p. S4
    • Article
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  • Background: We evaluated vorasidenib (VOR), a dual inhibitor of mIDH1/2, in patients with mIDH1/2 glioma (Phase 3; NCT04164901). Methods: Patients with residual/recurrent grade 2 mIDH1/2 oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma were enrolled (age ≥12; Karnofsky Performance Score ≥80; measurable non-enhancing disease; surgery as only prior treatment; not in immediate need of chemoradiotherapy). Patients were stratified by 1p19q status and baseline tumor size and randomized 1:1 to VOR 40 mg or placebo (PBO) daily in 28-day cycles. Endpoints included imaging-based progression-free survival (PFS), time to next intervention (TTNI), tumor growth rate (TGR), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), neurocognition and seizure activity. Results: 331 patients were randomized (VOR, 168; PBO, 163). The median age was 40.0 years. 172 and 159 patients had histologically confirmed oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma, respectively. Treatment with VOR significantly improved PFS and TTNI. Median PFS: VOR, 27.7 mos; PBO, 11.1 mos (P=0.000000067). Median TTNI: VOR, not reached; PBO, 17.8 mos (P=0.000000019). Treatment with VOR resulted in shrinkage of tumor volume. Post-treatment TGR: VOR, -2.5% (95% CI: -4.7, -0.2); PBO, 13.9% (95% CI: 11.1, 16.8). HRQoL and neurocognition were preserved and seizure control was maintained. VOR had a manageable safety profile. Conclusions: VOR was effective in mIDH1/2 diffuse glioma not in immediate need of chemoradiotherapy.

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Benjamin A. Saltzman, University of Chicago, R. D. Perry, University of Denver
  • Book:
    Thinking of the Medieval
    Published online:
    07 October 2022
    Print publication:
    13 October 2022, pp 1-32
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  • Summary

    The mid-twentieth century gave rise to a rich array of new approaches to the study of the Middle Ages by both professional medievalists and those more well-known from other pursuits, many of whom continue to exert their influence over politics, art, and history today. Attending to the work of a diverse and transnational group of intellectuals – Hannah Arendt, Erich Auerbach, W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Erwin Panofsky, Simone Weil, among others – the essays in this volume shed light on these thinkers in relation to one another and on the persistence of their legacies in our own time. This interdisciplinary collection gives us a fuller and clearer sense of how these figures made some of their most enduring contributions with medieval culture in mind. Thinking of the Medieval is a timely reminder of just how vital the Middle Ages have been in shaping modern thought.

  • Chapter 4 - Hannah Arendt’s Middle Ages for the Left

  • from Part I - Politics
  • Edited by Benjamin A. Saltzman, University of Chicago, R. D. Perry, University of Denver
  • Book:
    Thinking of the Medieval
    Published online:
    07 October 2022
    Print publication:
    13 October 2022, pp 106-128

  • Summary

    The tendency in our political moment for fascists to appropriate medieval symbols and stories for their own ends was preceded by the same phenomenon in the middle of the twentieth century. Then, as now, thinkers of various kinds challenged the Nazi mischaracterization of the Middle Ages, with some thinkers going even further, finding in the medieval world potential solutions to problems that plague modernity. Hannah Arendt was one of those thinkers. Her engagement with the Middle Ages was profound, stemming from her dissertation on St Augustine, to her sustained discussion of both Augustine and John Duns Scotus in her final work, The Life of the Mind. Arendt’s appropriation of these thinkers was political in the early part of her career, in which Augustine provided her with a framework for a political community based on the shared experience of loving one’s neighbor, a vision she articulated in her dissertation, Love and Saint Augustine, but that also appeared at key moments as a potential solution to the problems discussed in The Origins of Totalitarianism. Later in her career, Arendt’s writings on medieval thinkers turned more phenomenological, as she explored those aspects of the human condition that underpinned her earlier political work. For Arendt, Augustine, and especially Duns Scotus, provided a robust understanding of free will, which is necessary for political activity and the creation of new forms of living together. Ultimately, Arendt beliefs, especially about race, make it impossible to uncritically adopt her positions in our own moment. And yet, her thoughts about the Middle Ages can still provide us important ways to think about our present crises.

Thinking of the Medieval
  • Midcentury Intellectuals and the Middle Ages
  • Edited by Benjamin A. Saltzman, R. D. Perry
  • Published online:
    07 October 2022
    Print publication:
    13 October 2022
  • The mid-twentieth century gave rise to a rich array of new approaches to the study of the Middle Ages by both professional medievalists and those more well-known from other pursuits, many of whom continue to exert their influence over politics, art, and history today. Attending to the work of a diverse and transnational group of intellectuals – Hannah Arendt, Erich Auerbach, W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Erwin Panofsky, Simone Weil, among others – the essays in this volume shed light on these thinkers in relation to one another and on the persistence of their legacies in our own time. This interdisciplinary collection gives us a fuller and clearer sense of how these figures made some of their most enduring contributions with medieval culture in mind. Thinking of the Medieval is a timely reminder of just how vital the Middle Ages have been in shaping modern thought.

  • 3 - Hoccleve and the Logic of Incompleteness

  • Edited by Jennifer Nuttall, Exeter College, Oxford, David Watt, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    Thomas Hoccleve New Approaches
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    11 January 2023
    Print publication:
    13 September 2022, pp 65-84

  • Summary

    The focus of this essay is the formal organising principle of Thomas Hoccleve’s Series. By ‘formal organising principle’ I refer to the means by which the work organises itself, how it imagines its parameters – the way in which it begins and the possibilities with which it may end – and the logic that governs the work as it proceeds. This concept has been discussed, simply, as a work of art’s ‘organisation’. For instance, F. R. Leavis diagnoses T. S. Eliot’s difficulty in creating a poem – The Waste Land – based on a modern ‘mode of consciousness’ as stemming from such consciousness’s ‘lack of organising principle, the absence of any inherent direction’, causing Eliot to turn to mythological imagery to provide his poem with such an ‘organising principle’. The assumption is that a work of art should have an ‘organising principle’ that shapes the work of art in an ‘inherent direction’ even when the mind that produces it or that the work of art imitates does not.

    As something that shapes the artwork, the formal organising principle has sometimes gone under the name of the work’s ‘structure’, as with Barbara Herrnstein Smith: ‘it will be useful to regard the structure of a poem as consisting of the principles by which it is generated or according to which one element follows another’. For her, structure can be ‘both formal and thematic’, but the name ‘structure’ is complicated by the fact that formal and thematic structures do not necessarily need to correspond. A ballade by Geoffrey Chaucer, like ‘Lak of Stedfastnesse’, has a formal structure of three rhyme royal stanzas with an envoy, and a thematic structure in which the speaker increases anxiety about the state of worldly affairs before, in the envoy, asking Richard II to set things right. To discuss that work’s formal organising principle, one would need to talk about the complex ways the formal and thematic structures interact. Recognising the formal organising principle of a work, then, is an important part of formalist criticism writ large. As Christopher Cannon reminds us, using a terminology derived from Chaucer, form ‘allows analysis to build a bridge between the immaterial and material: “form” is necessarily the “werk” seen in terms of the “thoughte” behind it, the brute physicality of some things as it is rooted in the realm of ideas conceived in some mind’.

  • Clinical consensus regarding the importance of rapid reduction in depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI)

  • S. Borentain, A. Nash, E. Daly, K. Joshi, M. O’Hara, Q. Zhang, M. Mathews, S. Haughey, S. Richards, J. Anjo, D. Zante, R. Perry
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S558
    • Article
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  • Introduction

    Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI) require immediate intervention. Though oral antidepressants can be effective at reducing depressive symptoms, they can take 4–6 weeks to reach full effect.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to identify unmet needs in the treatment of patients with MDSI, specifically exploring the potential clinical benefits of rapid reduction of depressive symptoms.

    Methods

    A Delphi panel consisting of practicing psychiatrists (n=12) from the US, Canada and EU was conducted between December 2020–June 2021. Panelists were screened to ensure they had sufficient experience with managing patients with MDD and MDSI. Panelists completed two survey rounds, and a virtual consensus meeting.

    Results

    This research confirmed current unmet needs in the treatment of patients with MDSI.

    Hopelessness, functional impairment, worsening of MDD symptoms, recurrent hospitalization and higher risk of suicide attempt were considered as key consequences of the slow onset of action of oral antidepressants.

    Treatment with rapid acting antidepressant was anticipated by panelists to provide short-term benefit such as rapid reduction of core MDD symptoms which may contribute to shorter hospital stays and improved patient engagement/compliance, allowing for earlier interventions and improved patient outcomes. For long-term benefits, panelists agreed that improved daily functioning and increased trust/confidence in treatment options, constitute key benefits of rapid-acting treatments

    Conclusions

    There is need for rapid-acting treatments which may help address key unmet needs and provide clinically meaningful benefits driven by the rapid relief of depressive symptoms particularly in patients with MDSI.

    Disclosure

    SB, ED, KJ, MO’H, QZ, MM, MH, SR, JA and DZ are employees of Janssen and hold stock in Johnson & Johnson Inc. AN is currently employed by Neurocrine Biosciences Inc. RP is an employee of Adelphi Values PROVE hired by Janssen.

  • Caring for carers: A virtual psychosocial supervision intervention to improve the quality and sustainability of mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian contexts

  • R. Wells, C. Acartuk, F. Almeamari, M. Alokoud, A. Beetar, H. Eldardery, M. Elshazly, O. Faruk, M.R. Ginem, D. Hadzi-Pavlovic, Z. Ilkkurşun, S. Jahan, R. Joshi, L. Klein, L. Kurdi, G. Kurt, C. Mastrogiovanni, M. Mozumder, S. Lekkeh, S. Némorin, K. Nicholson Perry, M. Orabi, J. Qasim, Z. Steel, M. Tavakol, H. Ullah, E. Uygun, S. Wong, L. (Fischer) Yan, R. Said Yousself, A. Zarate, S. Rosenbaum
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S884
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Introduction

    Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff in humanitarian settings have limited access to clinical supervision and are at high risk of experiencing burnout. We previously piloted an online, peer-supervision program for MHPSS professionals working with displaced Rohingya (Bangladesh) and Syrian (Turkey and Northwest Syria) communities. Pilot evaluations demonstrated that online, peer-supervision is feasible, low-cost, and acceptable to MHPSS practitioners in humanitarian settings.

    Objectives

    This project will determine the impact of online supervision on i) the wellbeing and burnout levels of local MHPSS practitioners, and ii) practitioner technical skills to improve beneficiary perceived service satisfaction, acceptability, and appropriateness.

    Methods

    MHPSS practitioners in two contexts (Bangladesh and Turkey/Northwest Syria) will participate in 90-minute group-based online supervision, fortnightly for six months. Sessions will be run on zoom and will be co-facilitated by MHPSS practitioners and in-country research assistants. A quasi-experimental multiple-baseline design will enable a quantitative comparison of practitioner and beneficiary outcomes between control periods (12-months) and the intervention. Outcomes to be assessed include the Kessler-6, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8.

    Results

    A total of 80 MHPSS practitioners will complete 24 monthly online assessments from May 2022. Concurrently, 1920 people receiving MHPSS services will be randomly selected for post-session interviews (24 per practitioner).

    Conclusions

    This study will determine the impact of an online, peer-supervision program for MHPSS practitioners in humanitarian settings. Results from the baseline assessments, pilot evaluation, and theory of change model will be presented.

    Disclosure

    No significant relationships.

  • Null results of oxytocin and vasopressin administration on mentalizing in a large fMRI sample: evidence from a randomized controlled trial

  • Mark A. Straccia, Adam R. Teed, Perri L. Katzman, Kevin M. Tan, Michael H. Parrish, Michael R. Irwin, Naomi I. Eisenberger, Matthew D. Lieberman, Benjamin A. Tabak
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 6 / April 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 October 2021, pp. 2285-2295
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Background

    Although potential links between oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), and social cognition are well-grounded theoretically, most studies have included all male samples, and few have demonstrated consistent effects of either neuropeptide on mentalizing (i.e. understanding the mental states of others). To understand the potential of either neuropeptide as a pharmacological treatment for individuals with impairments in social cognition, it is important to demonstrate the beneficial effects of OT and AVP on mentalizing in healthy individuals.

    Methods

    In the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (n = 186) of healthy individuals, we examined the effects of OT and AVP administration on behavioral responses and neural activity in response to a mentalizing task.

    Results

    Relative to placebo, neither drug showed an effect on task reaction time or accuracy, nor on whole-brain neural activation or functional connectivity observed within brain networks associated with mentalizing. Exploratory analyses included several variables previously shown to moderate OT's effects on social processes (e.g., self-reported empathy, alexithymia) but resulted in no significant interaction effects.

    Conclusions

    Results add to a growing literature demonstrating that intranasal administration of OT and AVP may have a more limited effect on social cognition, at both the behavioral and neural level, than initially assumed. Randomized controlled trial registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02393443; NCT02393456; NCT02394054.

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