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Illegal killing and taking of birds in Europe outside the Mediterranean: assessing the scope and scale of a complex issue
- ANNE-LAURE BROCHET, WILLEM VAN DEN BOSSCHE, VICTORIA R. JONES, HOLMFRIDUR ARNARDOTTIR, DORIN DAMOC, MIROSLAV DEMKO, GERALD DRIESSENS, KNUD FLENSTED, MICHAEL GERBER, MAMIKON GHASABYAN, DIMITAR GRADINAROV, JANUS HANSEN, MÁRTON HORVÁTH, MARIUS KARLONAS, JAROSŁAW KROGULEC, TATIANA KUZMENKO, LARS LACHMAN, TEEMU LEHTINIEMI, PATRIC LORGÉ, ULRIK LÖTBERG, JOHN LUSBY, GERT OTTENS, JEAN-YVES PAQUET, ALEXANDER RUKHAIA, MATTHIAS SCHMIDT, PAUL SHIMMINGS, ANDRIS STIPNIEKS, ELCHIN SULTANOV, ZDENĚK VERMOUZEK, ALEXANDRE VINTCHEVSKI, VELJO VOLKE, GEORG WILLI, STUART H.M. BUTCHART
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- Journal:
- Bird Conservation International / Volume 29 / Issue 1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 December 2017, pp. 10-40
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The illegal killing and taking of wild birds remains a major threat on a global scale. However, there are few quantitative data on the species affected and countries involved. We quantified the scale and scope of this issue in Northern and Central Europe and the Caucasus, using a diverse range of data sources and incorporating expert knowledge. The issue was reported to be widespread across the region and affects almost all countries/territories assessed. We estimated that 0.4–2.1 million birds per year may be killed/taken illegally in the region. The highest estimate of illegal killing in the region was for Azerbaijan (0.2-1.0 million birds per year). Out of the 20 worst locations identified, 13 were located in the Caucasus. Birds were reported to be illegally killed/taken primarily for sport and food in the Caucasus and for sport and predator/pest control in both Northern and Central Europe. All of the 28 countries assessed are parties to the Bern Convention and 19 are also European Union Member States. There are specific initiatives under both these policy instruments to tackle this threat, yet our data showed that illegal killing and taking is still occurring and is not restricted to Mediterranean European countries. Markedly increased effort is required to ensure that existing legislation is adequately implemented and complied with/enforced on the ground. Our study also highlighted the paucity of data on illegal killing and taking of birds in the region. It is a priority, identified by relevant initiatives under the Bern Convention and the European Union, to implement systematic monitoring of illegal killing and taking and to collate robust data, allowing stakeholders to set priorities, track trends and monitor the effectiveness of responses.
Preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of birds in the Mediterranean
- ANNE-LAURE BROCHET, WILLEM VAN DEN BOSSCHE, SHARIF JBOUR, P. KARIUKI NDANG’ANG’A, VICTORIA R. JONES, WED ABDEL LATIF IBRAHIM ABDOU, ABDEL RAZZAQ AL- HMOUD, NABEGH GHAZAL ASSWAD, JUAN CARLOS ATIENZA, IMAD ATRASH, NICHOLAS BARBARA, KEITH BENSUSAN, TAULANT BINO, CLAUDIO CELADA, SIDI IMAD CHERKAOUI, JULIETA COSTA, BERNARD DECEUNINCK, KHALED SALEM ETAYEB, CLAUDIA FELTRUP-AZAFZAF, JERNEJ FIGELJ, MARCO GUSTIN, PRIMOŽ KMECL, VLADO KOCEVSKI, MALAMO KORBETI, DRAŽEN KOTROŠAN, JUAN MULA LAGUNA, MATTEO LATTUADA, DOMINGOS LEITÃO, PAULA LOPES, NICOLÁS LÓPEZ-JIMÉNEZ, VEDRAN LUCIĆ, THIERRY MICOL, AÏSSA MOALI, YOAV PERLMAN, NICOLA PILUDU, DANAE PORTOLOU, KSENIJA PUTILIN, GWENAEL QUAINTENNE, GHASSAN RAMADAN-JARADI, MILAN RUŽIĆ, ANNA SANDOR, NERMINA SARAJLI, DARKO SAVELJIĆ, ROBERT D. SHELDON, TASSOS SHIALIS, NIKOS TSIOPELAS, FRAN VARGAS, CLAIRE THOMPSON, ARIEL BRUNNER, RICHARD GRIMMETT, STUART H.M. BUTCHART
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- Journal:
- Bird Conservation International / Volume 26 / Issue 1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 March 2016, pp. 1-28
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Illegal killing/taking of birds is a growing concern across the Mediterranean. However, there are few quantitative data on the species and countries involved. We assessed numbers of individual birds of each species killed/taken illegally in each Mediterranean country per year, using a diverse range of data sources and incorporating expert knowledge. We estimated that 11–36 million individuals per year may be killed/taken illegally in the region, many of them on migration. In each of Cyprus, Egypt, Italy, Lebanon and Syria, more than two million birds may be killed/taken on average each year. For species such as Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, Common Quail Coturnix coturnix, Eurasian Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, House Sparrow Passer domesticus and Song Thrush Turdus philomelos, more than one million individuals of each species are estimated to be killed/taken illegally on average every year. Several species of global conservation concern are also reported to be killed/taken illegally in substantial numbers: Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca and Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca. Birds in the Mediterranean are illegally killed/taken primarily for food, sport and for use as cage-birds or decoys. At the 20 worst locations with the highest reported numbers, 7.9 million individuals may be illegally killed/taken per year, representing 34% of the mean estimated annual regional total number of birds illegally killed/taken for all species combined. Our study highlighted the paucity of data on illegal killing/taking of birds. Monitoring schemes which use systematic sampling protocols are needed to generate increasingly robust data on trends in illegal killing/taking over time and help stakeholders prioritise conservation actions to address this international conservation problem. Large numbers of birds are also hunted legally in the region, but specific totals are generally unavailable. Such data, in combination with improved estimates for illegal killing/taking, are needed for robustly assessing the sustainability of exploitation of birds.