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Studies on Animals and the Rise of Comparative Anatomy at and around the Parisian Royal Academy of Sciences in the Eighteenth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2016

Stéphane Schmitt
Stéphane Schmitt*
Affiliation:
CNRS(SPHERE, UMR 7219), Paris E-mail: stephane_schmitt@yahoo.fr
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Argument

This paper aims to understand the emergence of comparative anatomy in the eighteenth century in the Parisian Académie Royale des Sciences. As early as the 1670s, a program centered on animal anatomy was conceived, which was a first attempt to give some autonomy to studies on animals and to link anatomy with natural history, but it declined after 1690. However, a variety of studies on animals was published in the Mémoires of the Académie during the eighteenth century. We propose a descriptive typology of them in order to explore the status of animals and the significance of anatomy in each type, and to determine, in particular, which elements of Perrault's program were passed on at the Académie throughout the century. We discuss the influence of this legacy on the development of comparative anatomy after 1750, especially in Daubenton's work.

Type
Research Article
Information
Science in Context , Volume 29 , Issue 1: Animal-Man Relations , March 2016 , pp. 11 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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References

References

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Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau de. 1748. “Réglement de l'Académie.” In Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres. Année MCCCXLVI, 3–9.Google Scholar
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Ogilvie, Brian W. 2006. The Science of Describing: Natural History in Renaissance Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Swann. Forthcoming. Le sixième sens de la taupe: Buffon dans la fabrique des quadrupeds. Paris: Hermann.Google Scholar
Perrault, Claude. 1680–1688. Essais de physique ou Recueil de plusieurs traitez touchant les choses naturelles, 4 vols. Paris: Coignard.Google Scholar
Perrault, Claude, et al. 1671–1676. Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux, 2 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Royale.Google Scholar
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Ridley, Glynis, ed. 2010. Animals in the Eighteenth Century. Special issue Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 33 (4):427–683.Google Scholar
Robbins, Louise E. 2002. Elephant Slaves and Pampered Parrots: Exotic Animals in Eighteenth-Century Paris. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
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