3079 results in Jagiellonian University Press
Chapter 7 - Formulaicity
- Justyna Leœniewska
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- Book:
- Articles in English as a Second Language
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- Jagiellonian University Press
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- 16 July 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 129-164
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
In our understanding of how language works, the word is a crucial element. The lexicon is usually seen as collection of individual words, which form the building blocks of larger utterances. One important characteristic of words is that they seem to participate in different kinds of “lexical partnerships” (Singleton, 2000, p. 47). Because some words are often found in the company of certain other words, lexical partnerships of various kinds have long been recognized in language research.
As the ubiquity of such language phenomena is increasingly noticed, the term “formulaicity” seems to be emerging as the most popular “umbrella” term used to refer to the quality of language that makes it impossible to reduce it simply to individual words and syntactic rules, and to refer to the many different kinds of connections between words in a language (e.g. Meunier, 2012).
To provide the broadest possible definition of formulaicity, it is useful to take as the starting point the traditional “slot and filler” approach to language. In this view, for each “slot” along the syntagmatic axis, one word is chosen from a number of options available along the paradigmatic axis, depending on the intended meaning. The choices for each slot, however, are restricted to certain classes of words by syntagmatic restraints which result from the syntactic rules of the language. In its broadest sense, formulaicity can be taken to mean all the phenomena which affect how words are combined together which fall outside the “slot and filler” model. Boers and Lindstromberg offer a good practical definition of formulaicity: “the use of word strings that have become conventionalized in a given language as attested by native-speaker judgment and/or corpus data” (2012, p. 83). Many authors use definitions of formulaic expressions which are based on the assumed holistic processing, such as: “frequent multiword combinations that are stored and retrieved holistically from the mental lexicon at the moment of speech” (Nekrasova, 2009, p. 647). However, such definitions are better avoided, since proving that multiword combinations are stored/retrieved holistically is in itself problematic, as will be explained in more detail below.
From Research to Practice When Undertaking an Applied Linguistic PhD Degree: An Integrative Framework
- Edited by Magdalena Szczyrbak, Zygmunt Mazur
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- Book:
- New Perspectives in English and American Studies
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- Jagiellonian University Press
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- 16 July 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 224-242
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
Business-oriented research projects increasingly form the focus of PhD research in applied linguistics. This paper discusses the issue of preparing PhD candidates for their engagement with a business organisation and proposes an integrative framework supporting the maintenance and mutual benefits of the research-to-business relationship. Overall, the paper aims to encourage debate around teaching in academia, towards which it was presented in Kraków, April 2017.
As a field of study, applied linguistics is experiencing exciting times. It not only attracts an increased number of research students, but applied linguists are also moving out of the confines of language teaching. Increasingly, applied linguists are called upon by private, public and third sector businesses and organisations to assist them in addressing language-related workplace, institutional and social problems which centre either on spoken or written interaction and on the understanding of language practices. The word “practices” is important as language practices, often also termed discursive or communicative practices, embody an intersection between linguistics and professional practice. Therefore, awareness of how language works in workplace and professional settings is best to be arrived at through mutual collaborations between linguists and workplace professionals. Fine examples of such research-to-practice collaborations are the Language in the Workplace project (LWP) and Linguistic Profiling for Professionals (LiPP). Through projects like these, applied linguistics is progressively being recognised as a discipline with the potential to inform and even intervene in business and institutional practice.
Managing the collaboration between the academic needs of a PhD candidate and the host organisation's requirements to undertake applied linguistic research creates new challenges for academic institutions. What processes are in place to ensure that PhD students – future ‘field agents’ – acquire the approaches necessary to perform as applied language specialists? Does the journey of undertaking PhD research in its academic sense indeed prepare doctoral students in applied linguistics for their entry into the workplace in order to carry out the research? This paper argues it does not.
Academic placements in business contexts are well established in particular in business specialisations. This is especially the case when the business organisation has a particular issue to be addressed in a field that it understands, such as Marketing, Promotions, Manufacturing Processes or IT.
Chapter 3 - Corporate profiles on Twitter – general characteristics
- Anna Tereszkiewicz
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- Book:
- Customer Encounters on Twitter
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- Jagiellonian University Press
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- 09 February 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 77-88
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Summary
Company profiles – structure and types of posts
As indicated above, Twitter allows users to create individual profiles by means of a number of affordances, comprising visual and text-based means of communication.
The component parts of the profiles comprise profile data, a background image, a thumbnail image, a bio and a list of posts. All of these serve as important image management tools which allow the company to create and project a desired identity.
a) Profile data
Profile information comprises the data concerning the number of posts, followers, followees, likes, lists and moments. The data may have a significant persuasive potential, as they reflect the company's activity, degree of responsiveness and popularity.
b) Background images
Background images represent different degrees of complexity, comprising only text-based forms or highly multimodal, image- and text-based shapes. Background images may present company products, services, the company's logo and brand name, as well as advertising slogans and messages. The images may refer to recent advertising campaigns and as such may serve additional promotional purposes.
c) Thumbnail images
Thumbnail images in corporate profiles, in contrast to background images, tend to have a simpler form. The images most frequently involve the company's logo or the company's name.
d) Bios
Bios assume different forms and include short basic information concerning the profile, its purpose and content. The notes may also provide information on the company's location, company's website address, the date when the company joined Twitter, as well as links to multimedia content posted on the profile.
In their bios, most companies clearly state the function of the profile, i.e. presentation of news concerning the company and/or customer service. Bios are structured differently, with a more information-oriented form, as exemplified in (1), where the note includes plain statements of the two purposes of the profile, or a more information- and promotion-oriented form, as exemplified in (2). In such bios, companies promote the company and the profile, introduce and advertise new products, and encourage consumers to check the company's offer.
5 - Exceptionalism under a Glass Ceiling? Taiwan’s Democratic Development and Challenges
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- By Wu Der-Yuan
- Edited by Anna Rudakowska, Ewa Trojnar, Agata W. Zietek
- Ewa Kowal
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- Book:
- Taiwan's Exceptionalism
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 79-116
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Summary
Abstract: This chapter aims to address the question of the extent to which Taiwan's transformation and practice of democracy is exceptional. It is argued that in terms of the sources, process and outcomes of its political transformation and democratic development to date, Taiwan is indeed unique. In terms of sources, there are three major traditions supporting the claim that Taiwan's democracy is uniquely constructed. In addition, Taiwan's diplomatic isolation propelled it in various ways to pursue deeper democratization so as to maintain or strengthen its support and legitimacy. For the process dimension, in a Taiwanese-versus-mainlander bi-communal context, until the early 1990s, there was a transformation from a control model toward consociationalism. There is also a growing tendency to move further toward Lijphart's Majoritarian model of democracy. Coupled with the disconnection of the external dimensions of state-building from the internal ones, the overall process is exceptional. Insofar as the outcome or ‘end condition’ of democratic development is concerned, Taiwan has had certain achievements. Among them, the realization of an international review of its national human rights report as well as extending protection for LGBT rights are pioneering steps that testify further to Taiwan's exceptionalism. Nevertheless, there are also challenges ahead. These challenges include strengthening rule of law on the institutional side, ‘blackgold politics’ (political corruption), polarization of party politics, media and over-politicization in some policy areas, an increasing disaffection toward democracy, vested interests and monopolization of power resources in several sectors, incomplete protection of rights, the China factor, the Trump factor, and the reconcilability of Confucianism and Western individualism. These problems, if unaddressed, might constrain Taiwanese democracy from developing further to its full extent. Specifically, the status quo or exceptional ‘sovereignty deficit’ condition in which Taiwan is embroiled means that the exercise of self-determination by the Taiwanese would be virtually prohibited to such an extent that there is a ‘glass ceiling’ capping Taiwan's practice of democracy.
Keywords: exceptionalism in Taiwanese democracy, control, consociationalism, Majoritarianism, sovereignty deficit
Emirs of Malikšāh and their struggle for power overSyria 1092–1098
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- By Marcin Gajec
- Edited by Barbara Michalak-Pikulska, Tomasz Majtczak, Marek Piela
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- Book:
- Oriental Languages and Civilizations
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 06 November 2021
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- 21 August 2022, pp 213-222
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Summary
Abstract
In 1092 sultan Malikšāh, the third ruler from the GreatSeljuks dynasty, died in obscure circumstances.During his reigns the Turkic Empire has reached thepeak of its power. Its borders stretched fromMediterranean to India, and from the steppes ofTransoxania to the southern Arabian Peninsula. Theunexpected death of a nearly forty-year-old rulerinitiated a several-year period of fratricidalstruggles over the sultan's throne in Isfahan. Thesuccession in the Great Seljuks family wasunsettled, therefore three main players made theirclaims and started to gather supporters for thecause. Among claimants were two young sons of thedeceased ruler, Maḥmūd and Barkiyāruq, andMalikšāh's brother Tāğ ad-Dawla Tutuš. All of themwere trying to recruit commanders who led the armiesof Malikšāh and to whom he entrusted thegovernorships of conquered cities and provinces.Those emirs descended from the Turkic tribes whichfifty years earlier had entered the AbbasidCaliphate under the command of Tuġrīl Beg. In handsof such military governors like Yaġī Siyān, AqSunqur or Būzān rested the real power over thehalf-independent emirates like Antioch, Aleppo andEdessa. This paper will focus on above mentionedemirs and their struggle for power over Syria. Theywere often forced to change alliances and navigatebetween the fighting parties. The decisions theymade were crucial not only for their careers butalso for the fate of the whole region. Those who hadsurvived the succession wars had to face new and yetunknown peril. In October 1097 Antiochean scoutsbrought the news about nearing army of infidels.Crusaders arrived, and the whole new era in thehistory of Ash-Sham began.
Keywords: Seljuqs, Malikshah, Crusades, Ash-Sham
On July 15, 1099, the army of the First Crusade finallycaptured the Holy City of Jerusalem after a bloodyassault. It was an unprecedented success of theEuropean arms. This goal, however, could not beachieved without the amazing coincidence. TheCrusaders managed to hit an unusually favorablemoment in history. Of course, the enthusiasm of theparticipants of the expedition, their combat skillsand religious zeal were not without anysignificance, but the political breakdown of Syriathat prevailed at that time was very decisive.
Chapter 5 - Selected politeness and lexicogrammatical properties of the tweets
- Anna Tereszkiewicz
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- Book:
- Customer Encounters on Twitter
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 09 February 2022
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 181-210
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Summary
Methods
The following chapter is devoted to the analysis of selected politeness acts and lexicogrammatical properties of the messages posted by the consumers and the companies. The investigation concerns forms of address and self-identification used in the interaction, as well as the opening and closing units in the tweets. The analysis also includes the presence of lexicogrammatical properties, such as informal and non-standard language items, language mistakes and the use of such components as emoticons, hashtags and links. The main focus is placed on the presence of these components in companies’ tweets. The occurrence of the features in consumers’ messages has been provided for additional illustration.
In the course of the analysis, the presence of greetings, self-identification and thanks in the tweets was identified, as well as the forms of address used in the messages. The analysis was performed with reference to the previous research on the structure of customer encounters, on openings and closings in customer encounters in particular (Aston (ed.) 1988, Schegloff 1968, 2007, Cameron 2000b, Kerbrat-Orecchioni 2005, Marquez Reiter 2008, 2009, Biber and Conrad 2009, Friginal 2009, Félix-Brasdefer 2015). In addition, the number of tweets with informal syntactic and lexical items, non-standard language and language mistakes was counted. Tweets were examined for the presence of grammatical devices typical of the casual style of communication (cf. Joos 1959) and for the use of lexical items and spelling practices identified in previous studies as characteristic of online interaction, i.e. the presence of informal expressions, slang, elliptical structures, as well as non-standard language and language mistakes (ibid., Crystal 2006, Baron 2008, Page 2012, Zappavigna 2012, Dąbrowska 2013, Tagg 2015). The use of emoticons, hashtags and links was investigated as well.
The material for the analysis below encompasses consumers’ and companies’ tweets posted in the context of positive evaluation and complaint management. The material comprises the corpus introduced in the previous chapter, i.e. the total number of 2014 messages, with 1020 companies’ messages and 994 consumers’ tweets.
The examination of the above-mentioned properties was designed to verify the initial hypothesis concerning the reduction of conventional politeness and the use of the casual style in companies’ tweets.
Part 5 - Culture and Science
- Edited by Barbara Michalak-Pikulska, Tomasz Majtczak, Marek Piela
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- Book:
- Oriental Languages and Civilizations
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- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 06 November 2021
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- 21 August 2022, pp 285-286
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Dynamic Patterns in Contemporary Multimodal Printed Novels: The Exploration, the Quest, the Journey, the Encounter
- Edited by Michal Choinski, Malgorzata Cierpisz
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- Book:
- New Perspectives in English and American Studies
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- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 457-469
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Summary
In this paper I will try to outline how several contemporary multimodal novels make use of dynamic patterns, and to what purposes. To this end, I will employ, besides the multimodal novel notion, another extremely useful critical tool: the notion of liberature, a term coined by Polish author Zenon Fajfer, who discussed it over the years in an array of essays, collected in his thought-provoking 2010 volume Liberature, or Total Literature. However, when speaking about liberature, I will mostly draw on the recent, important, volume published by Katarzyna Bazarnik: Liberature – A Book-bound Genre (2016).
In her book, Bazarnik affirms that the notion of multimodal printed novel as used by Alison Gibbons has “a great deal in common with liberature” (Bazarnik 2016: 99), and she questions whether liberature and multimodal literature could be “merely two different terms that refer to the same category of texts” (98). She also stresses the affinities that these notions have with other recent terminologies: N. Katherine Hayles’ technotexts, Jessica Pressman's bookishness, Lori Emerson’s reading-writing interfaces, not to mention the seminal work of Espen Aarseth about cybertext and ergodic literature, or the surfiction promoted by the means of Raymond Federman, Ronald Sukenick, and Richard Kostelanetz. According to Bazarnik, “all these terms constitute a constellation of non-hierarchically related categories, differentiated by slight variations in their defining features” (101).
Although the two notions may be seen as mostly overlapping, a few slight variations in the defining features of liberature and multimodal literature do exist. Bazarnik states, for example, that liberature and the multimodal novel diverge in that liberature is limited to printed material forms, while multimodal literature isn’t; moreover, liberature is considered to be wider than the multimodal printed novel, as it also includes poetic texts. Finally, Gibbons considers the inclusion of images as essential in the multimodal novel, while Bazarnik doesn’t consider it a defining feature of liberature.
Despite these differences, the affinities between the two notions are indisputable, especially if we limit our analysis, as I do, to printed novels only: in this case, the notions of a multimodal printed novel and of a liberatic novel overlap almost entirely. In order to briefly outline my critical framework, I will point out how both the multimodal and the liberatic novel share three main formal features: the full textualisation of their own materiality; the call for an active reading; and the self-reflective dimension.
Bibliography
- Dariusz R. Piwowarczyk
- Edited by Ewa Trojnar, Institute of the Middle and Far East, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland
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- Book:
- The Latin -iés/ia Inflection
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- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 135-142
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”The Life of the Mind.” Den kreativa processen i Stanislav Barabáš’ Inferno och bröderna Coens Barton Fink
- Edited by Jan Balbierz
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- Book:
- Strindberg and the Western Canon
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- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 245-256
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Summary
Spörsmålet som jag vill ta upp i denna artikel är hur den kreativa processen och det skrivande subjektets mentala tillstånd framställs i det filmiska mediet med hjälp av intermediala gestaltningsstrategier. Som exempel ska jag använda mig av två filmer: Inferno (1973) av Stanislav Barabáš och Barton Fink (1991) av bröderna Coen.
Meningen är att förankra Barabáš adaptation av August Strindbergs Inferno i ett bredare sammanhang, i en genre som Ethan Coen i en intervju har kallat för “[a] Person Alone in the Room” (Allen 2006:56). Min tes är att det litterära mediet och dess uppkomstprocess medvetet remedieras i de båda filmerna. Skrivandet tematiseras i Inferno och Barton Fink som kroppslig aktivitet som i sin del är ett resultat av protagonistens affektiva tillstånd; medan manuskriptet i filmerna framställs som en påtaglig produkt av denna aktivitet.
Med utgångspunkt i den intermediala teoribildningen och begreppsapparaten som skapades av Werner Wolf (1999) samt David Bolter och Richard Grusin (1998) ska jag granska hur remedieringen av det litterära mediet sker.
Teoretiska utgångspunkter
Remediering är en term införd av David Bolter och Richard Grusin och betyder att man representerar ett medium i ett annat (Bolter, Grusin 1998:45). Remediering har enligt teoretikerna två former: antingen kan medieringstekniker vara fördolda och således osynliga, vilket kallas för immedialitet (”transparent immediacy”, t.ex. virtuell verklighet), eller så kan de medvetet synliggöras och själva mediet multipliceras, vilket i sin tur kallas för hypermedialitet (”hypermediacy”, internet). Skillnaden mellan de två remedieringsformerna förklaras av Bolter och Grusin så här:
The logic of hypermediacy acknowledges multiple acts of representation and makes them visible. Where immediacy suggest a unified visual space, contemporary hypermediacy offers a heterogenous space, in which representation is conceived of not as a window on the world, but rather as “windowed itself”. (Bolter, Grusin 1998:33 f.)
Som Barbara Straumann skriver ägnar Bolter och Grusin sin uppmärksamhet åt new digital media men deras uppdelning kan även med stort utbyte användas i analyser av litteraturens remediering i filmadaptationer (jfr Straumann 2015:224 f.). Hon påpekar att de flesta filmadaptationer filmatiserar romanens fabel och skildrar dess karaktärer men inte är intresserade av romanen som medium i sig. Resultatet blir att det inte finns någon medveten interreaktion mellan det litterära och det filmiska mediet. Därför tillhör sådana filmatiseringar kategorin immedialitet.
The True and the Degenerate – Images of Native Americans and the Natural Environment in William Faulkner's Short Stories
- Edited by Michal Choinski, Malgorzata Cierpisz
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- Book:
- New Perspectives in English and American Studies
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 178-192
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Summary
This paper explores the ways in which William Faulkner portrays Native Americans and the natural environment in relation to the concept of “wilderness,” as proposed by William Cronon. The paper aims to show that William Faulkner's fiction is deeply imbued with the notions of wilderness as the fusion of the sublime nature and the frontier myth, coming together in his depiction of frontier settlements in Yoknapatawpha. His literary representation of Native Americans emerges as inseparable from the notions of frontier life and wilderness and it is highly problematic in terms of its appropriating and oppressive representation. Faulkner himself commented on the condition of Native Americans who stayed in Mississippi after the Indian Removal saying that “[t]here are a few of them still in Mississippi, but they are a good deal like animals in the zoo: they have no place in the culture, in the economy, unless they become white men” (Gwynn 1959: 43). Faulkner's literary portrayal symbolically constructs twofold Native American characters: true and degenerate, referring respectively to the idealized Indian, considered extinct in the post-frontier world, and to the eternally dispossessed Indian, unfit for the new, settler-dominated universe. These constructs were part of a broader ideological backdrop which legitimized American government policies such as that of Indian Removal, forced assimilation or disregard for past and future land claims. In order to examine these two metaphorical characterizations, it is necessary to explore the construct of wild nature into which the presence of the Indian has been inscribed for centuries in American culture.
The methodology of this inquiry relies on the ecocritical approach, that is in the area of the overlap between literary, cultural and environmental studies. The predominant theory used here was the analysis of the concept of wilderness put forward by William Cronon in his article “The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature” (1995). He explored the harmful impact of the ideological construct of wilderness on the treatment of the natural environment by drawing on the history of the romantic concept of sublime nature. The sublime as an aesthetic category refers to vast natural territories which are both aesthetically resplendent and, most importantly, untouched by human activity.
The Demoscene and ZX Spectrum: A Guide for Outsiders
- Piotr Marecki, Yerzmyey, Robert Straka
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- Book:
- ZX Spectrum Demoscene
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- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 15 July 2022
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- 21 August 2022, pp 7-18
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Summary
This book describes three phenomena in digital media. Firstly, it concerns the 8-bit personal computer ZX Spectrum produced by the British company Sinclair Research since 1982. As a publication about a specific platform, it falls into the mainstream category of platform studies, and it pays special attention to how the computer was used for creative purposes. Secondly, the story about the platform will also be presented from the perspective of the community that flocked around it. Therefore, it is mainly a book about people who identify with the ZX Spectrum. We do not describe all the users of the platform here (players, people using apps), rather we adopt the demoscene criterion (which we explain below). And the last and third phenomenon discussed in our book deals with the decentering of digital media or discovering digital phenomena from beyond the hegemonic center. Therefore, even though the ZX Spectrum was created in Great Britain, the use of the computer in the country of its birth will not interest us. Thanks to its creator, Sir Clive Sinclair, the ZX Spectrum was designed as a computer primarily for educational purposes. As it often happens, the work detached itself from its creator and took on a life of its own. In our narrative, we will focus on the acquisition (cloning) and creative use of the computer in Eastern and Central Europe.
In March 2016, in the small town of Horná Súča near Trenčín, Slovakia, the 17th edition of the world's largest 8-bit demoparty, called Forever, took place. Dozens of people, mainly from Europe spent 3 days with their 8-bit machines: both the popular ones, such as the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Atari, and Amstrad CPC, as well as the more exotic ones, including Thomson, SAM Coupé, PMD 85, but also any other computer with 8-bit architecture. The majority brought their own machines and often newly designed devices like, for example, the peripheral devices that strengthen the computer's capabilities or emulators of old disk drives. Participants of the Forever demoparty also brought new creative pieces, like demos, intros, chiptunes, and graphics prepared on the abovementioned platforms.
Introduction
- Edited by Janina Kostkiewicz
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- Book:
- Crime without Punishment
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 05 November 2021
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- 21 August 2022, pp 7-12
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Summary
“Crime without punishment”… a laconic description of German crimes against Polish children presented in the second chapter of the present monograph by Andrzej Kołakowski. Crime without punishment would not be possible if it was not for The Forgotten Holocaust of the Polish Nation during World War II.
When a person having a certain degree of knowledge on historic events in Europe listens to the contemporary academic, publicist, or political discourse, they are faced with a great lie on the topic of World War II, which consists, among others, in narratives using the phrase “Polish death camps” and accuse Poles of participation in the Holocaust of Jews. This assumption, held by modern Western people, contradicts historic facts and yet appears to be so common that even the President of the United States, Barack Obama, spoke of “Polish death camps”. The Western world of the present day does not seem to notice that these camps were built by the Germans within Polish territory under occupation; that it was the Germans who exterminated, first and foremost , Polish citizens of various ethnic origins: Polish, Jewish, Roma, and others; it is also hardly ever mentioned that the first prisoners of Auschwitz were Poles.
German historical policy, implemented during the period of enforced communism in Poland, resulted in the fact that the Germans have “shared” their responsibility for waging World War II… with the nation they harmed the most, the Poles. At present, German publicists, academicians, and politicians hardly ever protest against lies assigning guilt to the Polish nation, which had been attacked militarily, exterminated, ruined, and robbed and which had been the first to fight against the German conquest, for the holocaust of the Jews in the first place.
Particularly painful was the German crime against children, Polish citizens, committed during the occupation years of 1939–1945. This is a tragic period in the history of childhood in the Europe of the modern era. The present book focuses on children of Polish ethnicity, since extermination of children of Polish citizens of Jewish origin has been discussed in great detail by numerous sources released all over the world within the scope of research on the Holocaust of the Jewish nation.
Digital Tracing of the “Parallactic Drift of the Socalled Fixed Stars” in James Joyce's Ulysses
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- By Ioana Zirra
- Edited by Michal Choinski, Malgorzata Cierpisz
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- Book:
- New Perspectives in English and American Studies
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 470-482
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Summary
Since I am one of the readers who believe in the structuring power of plot in fiction no matter how complex novel designs have become of late, this paper is a narratological exercise in tracing the plot of James Joyce's Ulysses in Hans Walter Gabler's digital, critical and standard 1986 edition of the text. The typically experimental meanders of modernist fiction can be more successfully engaged with digitally, when tracking the occurrences of individual words in their association with the narrative functions which frame a novel. Here, the career of the word parallax will be followed as part of the character Leopold Bloom’s path. The path being a character's order of experience and pointing to what exactly each character knows in the story, and in what order s/he grasps things, it acts as the frame for considering the advancement of the character's fictional life. As such, the path sheds light on a key component in the progression of a book's overall plot – this entity which gives significance and/or coherence to the details of the story. Being a third term added by Peter Rabinowitz to the story/plot dyad (Rabinowitz 2005: 182 et seq.), the path sheds light on the plotwise progress of story-details, especially when they are details rooted in a character's stream of consciousness (as is the case in several instances in Ulysses); in the path, details accumulate from within a character’s mind to configure increasingly complete meanings associated with one particular narrative whole.
The outcome of this research, which was made possible by connecting all the digitally available occurrences of, and references to, parallax in Joyce's text side by side with their explanations in Don Gifford and Robert Seidman's e-book, Ulysses Annotated. Notes for James Joyce’s Ulysses, will be a narrative that accounts for the promotion of the parallax from a leitmotif for the elder protagonist of Ulysses to the status of a plot-descriptor. Its counterpart is the postcreation, a Joycean coinage which circumscribes the path of the younger protagonist of Ulysses, the creator Stephen Dedalus. It is possible to formulate what the plot of Joyce's novel does by following the convergence of these two intratextual path markers.
As stimuli for a unifying reading of the Bloomsday chronological story on its way to becoming the Bloomsday plot both the postcreation and the parallax act as more than direct tributaries to the mainstream narrative.
Frontmatter
- Edited by Jan Balbierz
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- Book:
- Strindberg and the Western Canon
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 1-4
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Effective Management Succession Models in Larger Family Enterprises: Presentation of the Best Practices in the World
- Edited by Bogdan Nogalski , Piotr Buła
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- Book:
- The Future of Management
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 November 2021
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 70-86
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Summary
Abstract
Management succession appears to be a key success factor for the growth and development of family enterprises, which have to guarantee financial security for successive generations of the family. The aim of the article is to present succession models in larger family enterprises of global, multigenerational nature, recognised as effective units, developing on the basis of good, proven practices identified during consulting and research activities by such institutions as Cambridge Institute for Family Enterprise, FORBES, Spencer Stuart, Harvard Business School. The basic similarities of these proposals may be merged into a platform for creating one common model that will serve as a benchmark for individual, specific succession cases. The differences among the proposals may constitute a complementary added value for the model thus created. The degree of convergence of succession planning in a specific case of family enterprise with the presented model—the benchmark will allow to forecast the effectiveness and success of intergenerational transfer.
Keywords: family enterprises, succession, SME, succession models
Introduction
The topic of succession in family enterprises is the most popular in the scientific literature devoted to the functioning and management of these entities. This popularity results from the key importance of planning and implementing intergenerational management and ownership transfer for business growth and development over a long period of time, for generating and using intangible assets, the carrier of which is the owner family, in the process of building and increasing competitive advantage. Unfortunately, the succession of management is a complex, multi-stage, multidimensional process in the vast majority of cases resulting in failure. A share of 30% of family businesses make it through the second generation, 10–15% through the third, and 3–5% through the fourth. For natural and pragmatic reasons scientists, consultants and practitioners are looking for solutions, strategies or models that will increase the probability of success in this area and thus the probability of continuity of management, progress in the scope of growth, development and efficiency of family entities.
In his own search, the author has already presented the anthropological concept of family structure in order to explain the causes and potential sources of failures in planning and succession in family enterprises.
Industry 4.0: Social Impacts and Operations Management Challenges
- Edited by Bogdan Nogalski , Piotr Buła
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- Book:
- The Future of Management
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 November 2021
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 9-21
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Summary
Abstract
The new Industry 4.0 is designed to respond to major global challenges, such as global warming, ageing population, globalisation, deregulation, depletion of raw materials, growth of the young (born digital) generation with rising demands and expectations, political frictions, economic growth uncertainties, social unrest, mass migrations, etc. On the reverse side—the Industry 4.0, which is to meet new expectations also has its dark side if not managed wisely with a human-centred focus. It is the set of social costs of transition. In such settings corporate leaders attempt to rethink not only the winning logic of competitiveness but also with whom and how they have to cooperate “in the crafting of a new societal deal that helps individuals cope with disruptive technological change.”
Facing up to the Fourth Revolution is the major challenge for managers in their professional career in the industry. They have to find their way of managing transition from the past routines and present problems to brand new reality to be invented and constructed, based on the innovations offered by technology revolution with its overwhelming disruptive power and competition based on the Amazon Effect.
In this article focus will be put on the transition process to be navigated by three types of companies: old fashioned and lagging behind the new stream of inventions, adopting new technology in a human-friendly way, and new-born entrepreneurial digital platform companies. For all of them, the key success factor is accelerated and focused education.
Keywords: industry revolution, innovations, cyber security, retail, digitalisation
Industrial revolutions: Change of technologies, products and mindset
From a historical perspective, Revolution 4.0 is the natural step ahead on the road of achievements and shortages of previous revolutions to meet the evolving needs of the growing global population.
The already existing applications for the industrial sectors of the economy represent a broad range of new possibilities, such as “predictive maintenance, improved decision-making in real time, anticipating inventory based on production, improved coordination among jobs, etc. Day after day, all these improvements are gradually optimizing production tools and revealing endless possibilities for the future of Industry 4.0.”
Adaptability and agility become the distinctive features of Industry 4.0 in view of dramatically changing conditions.
Management and Digitisation
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- By Walter Sorg
- Edited by Bogdan Nogalski , Piotr Buła
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- Book:
- The Future of Management
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 November 2021
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 178-200
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Summary
Abstract
The article is devoted to the phenomena of digitalization. It describes what changes the digitalization brings and how to deal with those changes. The text uses the framework of Integrated Management and based on it the author describes how to approach process and systemic changes. It can be achieved through horizontal and vertical integration of organization internal activities.
Keywords: digitalization, Industry 4.0, St. Gallen management concept, systemic approach, change Management
Foreword
Nothing is more practical than a good theory. As important as management sciences are, they do not guarantee successful corporate development. Who has no future-oriented basic attitude and the yesterday and the today again and again questions, wrong expectations will raise. Management science developed from various traditional scientific teachings at universities and is regarded as a recognised field of research and education. It provides findings and design recommendations from a wide variety of scientific disciplines. The interplay between business administration and management theory is characterised by different schools of thought. Although there is a wealth of specialist literature on economic problems, there are no sustainable patent solutions. K. Bleicher notes a loss of consensus on goals, content and methods, among other things.
From today's point of view, there are still further development possibilities despite numerous concepts. These are often shaped by current development trends. In particular with regard to a conclusive linkage of practice and theory there is still further need for action for the enterprise management. At present, the topic of “digitisation” gives rise to a further development of management science in the economic field. Such and similar topics often reveal great uncertainty and often lead to undesirable developments. A well-positioned management is therefore an important basis for every company. For this to be the case, management science must provide the necessary tools.
This contribution is made in memoriam for Prof. Janusz Teczke, Ph.D. It is withhim that I associate some years of common work. From this time of close personal contact I have come to know his merits as a person and scientist. His personal merit lies in the further development of the “Krakow School.”
“The Fable Splits at the Seams”: An Exploration of Imagination and Myth in William Golding's The Scorpion God
- Edited by Michal Choinski, Malgorzata Cierpisz
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- Book:
- New Perspectives in English and American Studies
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 16 July 2022
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 100-116
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Summary
INTRODUCTION: EGYPTIAN INSPIRATIONS IN GOLDING'S OEUVRE
William Golding's fascination with ancient Egypt originated in his childhood and continued throughout his life. Despite the fact that Golding was well-read in the topic, his interest in ancient Egypt was not primarily that of a historian or an antiquarian, but rather that of a creative writer. At the beginning of his essay titled “Egypt from My Inside,” included in his collection The Hot Gates, he admits that at the age of seven he was planning to write a play about “the Egypt of mystery, of the pyramids and the valley of Kings” (Golding, “Egypt from My Inside” 71), but that he decided against this idea on realising that he knew nothing about the language of those times. Golding never wrote the aforementioned play, but he did express his passion for Egyptian history in his oeuvre. The group of works in which the topic of Egypt is central include the essay “Egypt from My Inside,” with the complementary essay “Egypt from My Outside,” and An Egyptian Journal, based on Golding's voyage down the river Nile. While these texts will form an important point of reference in this article, by far the most important of Golding's works will be The Scorpion God, a story set in the court of an Egyptian king in Pre-Dynastic Egypt. Since Golding was well-read in the history and mythology of this country, a discussion of his story will be preceded by a note on the numerous historical and mythological references in this work. Nonetheless, it should be stated that the aim of this article is not to consider Golding's story exclusively against the background of historical data, but rather to interpret it as a work of vivid and fertile imagination. Indeed, The Scorpion God is a work of genius not only because it appeals to all the senses, transporting the readers to an unknown and intriguing reality, but also because it is a compelling commentary on imagination and myth.
Chapter 4 - Positive evaluation and complaint management on Twitter
- Anna Tereszkiewicz
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- Book:
- Customer Encounters on Twitter
- Published by:
- Jagiellonian University Press
- Published online:
- 09 February 2022
- Print publication:
- 21 August 2022, pp 89-180
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Summary
Methods and materials
Methods
The analysis focuses on company responses and management strategies. An overview of consumers’ messages is provided for additional background and the illustration of the practices of interaction in the medium. A detailed analysis of the acts of positive evaluation, complaining and complaint strategies posted by consumers on Twitter, however, was not the main object of the study.
The study comprises the analysis of structural and pragmatic components in companies’ tweets. Due to a diversified nature of the interaction and the research topics, the analysis drew from a number of methodological approaches.
In investigating the organization of the encounters, the study relies on speech act theory (Searle 1969) and conversation analysis (Schegloff 2007).
More specifically, as regards the analysis of the strategies used in the management of the reviews, the investigation of positive evaluation was conducted with reference to the frameworks developed in the context of complimentary behaviour. The strategies were classified based on previous typologies of compliments and compliment responses developed by Manes and Wolfson (1981), Holmes (1986) and Herbert (1989).
The discussion of consumers’ tweets also draws from the research devoted to the phenomenon of evaluation in language. Evaluation devices were identified inductively by a close reading of the tweets. The identification of the mechanisms was performed based on findings of the previous research devoted to evaluation in different contexts (e.g. Hunston and Thompson (eds.) 2003, Martin and White 2005, Bednarek 2006, 2008, Myers 2010, Zappavigna 2012, Vásquez 2014). The means of expression were identified with reference to three broad areas of appraisal, i.e. emotional affect, aesthetic appreciation and moral judgement (Martin and White 2005). The overviews of consumers’ tweets show the most frequent lexicogrammatical and discourse-level means of expression the customers use to evaluate products and behaviour, and to indicate emotional reactions.
As far as complaint management is concerned, consumer complaints were identified based on previous research on complaint strategies, i.e. classifications developed by House and Kasper (1981), Olshtain and Weinbach (1987, 1993), Trosborg (1995), Meinl (2010), Decock and Spiessens (2017), Decock and Depraetere (2018), as well as evaluation studies mentioned above.
The investigation of complaint management strategies employed by companies was conducted with reference to research devoted to the speech act of apology. Complaints and apologies, namely, are said to constitute an adjacency pair, where an apology represents the “preferred” act which follows the speech act of complaining (Trosborg and Shaw 1998: 72). The analysis of the responses was based on the frameworks developed by Blum-Kulka et al.