Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 Lost fishes, who is counting? The extent of the threat to freshwater fish biodiversity
- 2 Why are freshwater fish so threatened?
- 3 Climate change effects on freshwater fishes, conservation and management
- 4 Challenges and opportunities for fish conservation in dam-impacted waters
- 5 Chemical pollution
- 6 Multiple stressor effects on freshwater fish: a review and meta-analysis
- 7 Infectious disease and the conservation of freshwater fish
- 8 Non-indigenous fishes and their role in freshwater fish imperilment
- 9 Riparian management and the conservation of stream ecosystems and fishes
- 10 Fragmentation, connectivity and fish species persistence in freshwater ecosystems
- 11 Conservation of migratory fishes in freshwater ecosystems
- 12 Protecting apex predators
- 13 Artificial propagation of freshwater fishes: benefits and risks to recipient ecosystems from stocking, translocation and re-introduction
- 14 Freshwater conservation planning
- 15 Sustainable inland fisheries – perspectives from the recreational, commercial and subsistence sectors from around the globe
- 16 Understanding and conserving genetic diversity in a world dominated by alien introductions and native transfers: the case study of primary and peripheral freshwater fishes in southern Europe
- 17 Maintaining taxonomic skills; the decline of taxonomy – a threat to fish conservation
- 18 Synthesis – what is the future of freshwater fishes?
- Index
- References
13 - Artificial propagation of freshwater fishes: benefits and risks to recipient ecosystems from stocking, translocation and re-introduction
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 December 2015
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 Lost fishes, who is counting? The extent of the threat to freshwater fish biodiversity
- 2 Why are freshwater fish so threatened?
- 3 Climate change effects on freshwater fishes, conservation and management
- 4 Challenges and opportunities for fish conservation in dam-impacted waters
- 5 Chemical pollution
- 6 Multiple stressor effects on freshwater fish: a review and meta-analysis
- 7 Infectious disease and the conservation of freshwater fish
- 8 Non-indigenous fishes and their role in freshwater fish imperilment
- 9 Riparian management and the conservation of stream ecosystems and fishes
- 10 Fragmentation, connectivity and fish species persistence in freshwater ecosystems
- 11 Conservation of migratory fishes in freshwater ecosystems
- 12 Protecting apex predators
- 13 Artificial propagation of freshwater fishes: benefits and risks to recipient ecosystems from stocking, translocation and re-introduction
- 14 Freshwater conservation planning
- 15 Sustainable inland fisheries – perspectives from the recreational, commercial and subsistence sectors from around the globe
- 16 Understanding and conserving genetic diversity in a world dominated by alien introductions and native transfers: the case study of primary and peripheral freshwater fishes in southern Europe
- 17 Maintaining taxonomic skills; the decline of taxonomy – a threat to fish conservation
- 18 Synthesis – what is the future of freshwater fishes?
- Index
- References
Summary
We must not think that the highly laudable but expensive art and science of restoration ecology is going to put back ecosystem integrity, even though it ‘regreens’ with a highly convincing look-alike. –
M. J. Samways (1996)INTRODUCTION
This book examines emerging and historical perspectives and approaches to the conservation of inland fish biodiversity and the freshwater ecosystems upon which this diversity relies. Together, these approaches present enormous opportunities, yet daunting challenges, in efforts to sustain viably functioning freshwater ecosystems with the full complement of ecosystem services and societal values they provide. In this chapter, we focus the reader's attention to a set of interrelated practices aimed at augmenting the production of new recruits to a targeted population and ecosystem often as means to restore or conserve fish populations. These practices include artificial propagation and stocking, direct translocation and re-introduction (NB: key terms used herein are italicised on first use and defined in Box 13.1. Many of these terms have no widely accepted definitions in practice. Therefore, we provide these as they relate to our usage). Widely used in fisheries management, aquatic conservation and restoration, these activities are the subject of considerable scrutiny and lingering debate as to whether they truly provide a demonstrable ecological benefit as opposed to a suite of more societal benefits (economic, cultural, political, and so on). Moreover, critical examination of whether such benefits justify or balance the attendant risks to recipient biodiversity and ecosystems are generally lacking. We address both sides of the debate by presenting a general discussion of the kinds, range and magnitude of benefits and risks associated with artificial enhancement practices including those used under the banner of ‘conservation’, but also more generally. Where space and information permit, we also provide evidence gleaned from specific cases documented from the literature or the authors’ experiences. We acknowledge a bias toward examples gleaned from our North American experiences with inland and anadromous species, but suggest that underlying concepts are common and broadly relevant to any fauna regardless of geographical location.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Conservation of Freshwater Fishes , pp. 399 - 436Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015
References
, & (2001). Whirling disease and wild trout: Darwinian fisheries management. Fisheries, 26, 27–29.Google Scholar
& (Eds). (1981). Proceedings of the 1980 Stock Concept International Symposium. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Vol. 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1997). To till the water: a history of ideas in fisheries conservation. In Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options. New York, NY:International Thomson Publishing, pp. 569–598.Google Scholar
(1970). A history of fish culture as related to the development of fishery programs. In A Century of Fisheries in North America. Special Publication No. 7. Washington, DC: American Fisheries Society, pp. 71–93.Google Scholar
, , & (2000). Restoration genetics of American shad in the James River, Virginia (USA): evaluation of captive release. Conservation Biology, 14, 294–303.Google Scholar
& (1995). Genetic risks and hazards in hatchery operations: fundamental concepts and issues. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 15, 71–80.Google Scholar
, , & (2011). Genetic adaptation to captivity can occur in a single generation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 238–242.Google Scholar
(1998). Codes of practice for the stocking and introduction of fish. In Stocking and Introduction of Fish. Oxford:Fishing News Books, pp. 383–396.Google Scholar
(2000). A status report of coldwater fishery management in the U.S. – an overview of state programs. Fisheries, 25, 13–27.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (1983). Report of the Expert Consultation on the Utilisation and Conservation of Aquatic Genetic Resources. FAO Fisheries Report, No. 491. Rome: FAO.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2005). World inventory of fisheries. Stocking techniques for increased production. Issues Fact Sheets. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome: FAO (available from www.fao.org/fishery/topic/14885/en).
, , , et al. (2009). Guidelines for propagation and translocation for freshwater fish conservation. Fisheries, 34, 529–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (2009). Sixty years of anthropogenic pressure: a spatio-temporal genetic analysis of brown trout populations subject to stocking and population declines. Molecular Ecology, 18, 2549–2562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG). (2004). Hatchery reform: principles and recommendations of the HSRG. Available from www.hatcheryreform.us
Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG). (2011). Hatcheries, conservation, and sustainable fisheries – achieving multiple goals: results of the Hatchery Scientific Review Group's Columbia River basin review. Fisheries, 36, 547–561.
(1995). The contribution of hatchery fish to the restoration of American shad in the Susquehana River. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 15, 329–336.Google Scholar
& (2006). Lessons learned from Japanese marine finfish stock enhancement programmes. Fisheries Research, 80, 101–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2001). The introduction of nonnative fish into wilderness lakes: good intentions, conflicting mandates, and unintended consequences. Ecosystems, 4, 275–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & The GeM Working Group. (2010). Compromising genetic diversity in the wild: unmonitored large-scale release of plants and animals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25, 520–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , & (Eds). (2004). Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching: Developments, Pitfalls and Opportunities, second edition. Oxford:Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2012). Cultured fish: integrative biology and management of domestication and interactions with wild fish. Biological Reviews, 87, 639–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , & (1998). A historical perspective on salmonid production from Pacific Rim hatcheries. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Bulletin, 1, 38–53.Google Scholar
& (2006). Salmon, wildlife, and wine: marine-derived nutrients in human-dominated ecosystems of central California. Ecological Applications, 16, 999–1009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , et al. (2007). Across the great divide: genetic forensics reveals misidentification of endangered cutthroat trout populations. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4445–4454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
& (2003). Genetic guidelines for hatchery supplementation programs. In Population Genetics: Principles and Applications for Fisheries Scientists. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society, pp. 329–356.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) (1996). Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
, , & (Eds). (2004). Propagated Fish in Resource Management. American Fisheries Society Symposium 44.Bethesda, MD:American Fisheries Society.Google Scholar
(Ed.). (1995). Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem: Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation. American Fisheries Society Symposium 17.Bethesda, MD:American Fisheries Society.Google Scholar
(1990). Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology, 4, 355–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Northwest Power & Conservation Council (NPPC) (2009). Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program – 2009 Amendments. Document 2009–09. Portland, OR, USA. Available from www.nwcouncil.org/media/115273/2009_09.pdf.
, , , & (Eds). (1995). Protection of Aquatic Biodiversity. Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress, Theme 3. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.Google Scholar
, , & (2002). Mixing stocks of largemouth bass reduces fitness through outbreeding depression. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 31, 349–364.Google Scholar
(1988). Relation between distance transferred from natal stream and recovery rate for hatchery coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 8, 172–174.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2010). Population diversity and the portfolio effect in an exploited species. Nature, 465, 609–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (Eds). (1995). Uses and Effects of Fish Culture in Aquatic Ecosystems. American Fisheries Society Symposium 15. Bethesda, MD:American Fisheries Society.Google Scholar
, & (1992). Assessing effects of unreplicated perturbations: no simple solutions. Ecology, 73,1396–1404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(Ed.). (1986). Fish Culture in Fisheries Management. American Fisheries Society Publication Symposium 9.Bethesda, MD:American Fisheries Society.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (2000). The enhancement of cod stocks. Fish and Fisheries, 1, 173–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
. (1995). Considerations for the use of cultured fishes in fisheries resource management. American Fisheries Symposium, 15, 603–606.Google Scholar
& (2002). Marine aquaculture: genetic pitfalls and potentialities. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 12, 59–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Dispelling some myths about hatcheries. Fisheries, 24, 12–21.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2004). Risk/benefit considerations for marine stock enhancement: a pacific salmon perspective. In Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching: Developments, Pitfalls, and Opportunities. Oxford: Blackwell, pp 260–306.Google Scholar
, & (2012). Genetic risks associated with marine aquaculture. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-119, 149 pp.
- 4
- Cited by