We have used the terms “process” and “system” several times already in the preceding chapters. To many they are synonymous, but this is not true.

A process is defined as a whole series of continuous actions or tasks, or a method by which something is done.

A system is defined as a group of objects related or interacting so as to form a unity, or a methodically arranged set of ideas, principles, methods, procedures, etc.

It can therefore be seen that a system is on a more macro scale than a process and, indeed, typically comprises a collection of processes, some of which might occur sequentially while others might occur simultaneously or in parallel with one or more other processes. At the most basic level, a process can be defined as a single, simple sequence, as illustrated in Figure 5.1.

Systems analysis

A system typically comprises several processes, some of which might run in parallel, but many of which usually operate serially or in sequence, i.e. the output of one is an input to the next.

Systems analysis can be defined as the diagnosis, formulation and solution of problems which arise from the complex forms of interaction in any system (e.g. from computer hardware to corporations) that exist or are conceived to accomplish one or more specific objectives.