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9 - Interactions of S. enterica with phagocytic cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2009

Duncan Maskell
By
Bruce D. McCollister  and
Andres Vazquez-Torres
Edited by
Pietro Mastroeni
Duncan Maskell
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Bruce D. McCollister
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, B175, Room 4615, 4200 E. 9th Ave., Denver, CO 80262, USA
Andres Vazquez-Torres
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, B175, Room 4615, 4200 E. 9th Ave., Denver, CO 80262, USA
Pietro Mastroeni
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Mononuclear phagocytes associate with S. enterica early in the disease process before acute inflammatory abscesses are formed, as well as during later stages of the acquired immune response in which macrophages form part of well-organized granulomas (Mastroeni et al., 1995; Richter- Dahlfors et al., 1997). The ability to survive within macrophages is a key event in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica (Fields et al., 1986). A growing body of information indicates that macrophages can serve as sites for S. enterica replication, even though they can be activated to exert potent anti- S. enterica activity. The great majority of the intimate interactions between S. enterica and macrophages take place inside a specialized endocytic vacuole named the phagosome. This chapter discusses the dynamic S. enterica phagosome as it pertains to the pathogenesis of this intracellular Gram-negative bacterium.

Immunological and genetic manipulations in animal models of infection, as well as the observation of naturally occurring genetic traits, have revealed that genetic loci encoding Nramp1, TLR4, NADPH oxidase and IFNγ play key roles in resistance to S. enterica infection. These host defenses are expressed directly by macrophages or, as in the case of IFNγ, up-regulate the anti-S. enterica activity of mononuclear phagocytes. In the following sections, we will discuss both the mechanisms by which these host defenses contribute to the anti-S. enterica activity of macrophages, and the virulence factors used by S. enterica to avoid these components of the antimicrobial arsenal of professional phagocytes.

Type
Chapter
Information
Salmonella Infections
Clinical, Immunological and Molecular Aspects
 , pp. 255 - 278
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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