Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. The Demise of the American Convention System, 1880–1911
  • Cited by 14
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
August 2009
Print publication year:
2006
Online ISBN:
9780511511684
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511511684
Subjects:
Area Studies, American Studies, American History 1861-1900, History, Twentieth Century American History
Information

Book description

During the nineteenth century American political parties selected their candidates for elective offices in conventions. Around 1910 most states established a system of direct primaries whereby the voters selected their parties' nominees for public office. This book examines the transition from the indirect to the direct primary, as well as its implications for American politics. It offers a systematic analysis of the convention system in four states (New Jersey, Michigan, Colorado and California) and the legislative history of the regulation of political parties during the Progressive Era. It argues that the major political parties themselves were chiefly responsible for doing away with the nominating convention. Candidates played a pivotal role in inaugurating the new nominating system as they became more open and aggressive in pursuit of their parties' nominations. The convention system was never designed to withstand the pressures exerted on it by a more competitive nominating process.

Reviews

“Impressively researched, analytically sophisticated, persuasively argued, this book revises much of what scholars have believed about American political parties and political reform around the turn of the twentieth century. By carefully examining the interaction between party structures and political candidates, John Reynolds clarifies the evolution of nominating practices from the convention system to the direct primary and more broadly illuminates the disputed relationship between behavioral and institutional changes in American politics. Both historians and political scientists will welcome this fresh and provocative work.”Peter H. Argersinger, Southern Illinois University

“John Reynolds's book is of central importance for all political scientists and historians who are interested in party development. A richly detailed study of how the nomination process was transformed at the state level in the late 19th century, it shows that the origins of a candidate-centered style of politics in America are much older than many scholars have believed them to be. It is a book that should be read widely and it will deserve all the praise that will surely come its way.”Alan Ware, Oxford University

"A most informative political and historical analysis." - Choice

"An important study that adds considerably to our knowledge of party practices and party organization between 1880 and 1911."
R. Hal Williams, The Journal of American History

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

Contents

Contents
References
Bibliography
Books
Abbott, Carl. Colorado: A History of the Centennial State. Boulder, Colo., 1976.
Aldrich, John H.Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. Chicago, 1995.
Altschuler, Glenn C., and Blumin, Stuart M.. Rude Republic: Americans and Their Politics in the Nineteenth Century. Princeton, N.J., 2000.
Argersinger, Peter H.Structure, Process and Party: Essays in American Political History. Armonk, N.Y., 1992.
Bensel, Richard Franklin. The Political Economy of Industrialization, 1877–1900. Cambridge, U.K., 2000.
Boots, Ralph Simpson. The Direct Primary in New Jersey. New York, 1917.
Bryce, James. The American Commonwealth. Edited and abridged by Hacker, Louis M.. Putnam's, G. P. Sons edition. 2 vols. New York, 1959.
Bullough, William A.The Blind Boss and His City: Christopher Augustine Buckley and Nineteenth Century San Francisco. Berkeley, Calif., 1979.
Burner, David. The Politics of Provincialism: The Democratic Party in Transition, 1918–1932. New York, 1967.
Chambers, William Nisbet, and Burnham, Walter Dean, eds. The American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development. New York, 1967.
Chase, James S.Emergence of the Presidential Nominating Convention, 1789–1832. Urbana, Ill., 1973.
Cherney, Robert W.American Politics in the Gilded Age. Wheeling, Ill., 1997.
Clemens, Elizabeth S.The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States. Chicago, 1997.
Connolly, James J.The Triumph of Ethnic Progressivism: Urban Political Culture in Boston, 1900–1925. Cambridge, Mass., 1998.
Croly, Herbert. Progressive Democracy. New York, 1914.
Dallinger, Frederick W.Nominations for Elective Office in the United States. New York, 1903.
Darcy, R., and Rohrs, Richard C.. A Guide to Quantitative History. Westport, Conn., 1995.
David, Paul T.Party Strength in the United States. Charlottesville, Va., 1972.
Davis, Winfield J.History of Political Conventions in California, 1849–1892. Sacramento, Calif., 1893.
Dill, R. G.The Political Campaigns of Colorado with Complete Tabulated Statements of the Official Vote. Denver, 1895.
Diner, Steven J.A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era. New York, 1998.
Dobie, Edith. The Political Career of Stephen Mallory White: A Study of Party Activities Under the Convention System. Stanford, Calif., 1927.
Donnelly, Thomas C.Rocky Mountain Politics. Albuquerque, N.Mex., 1940.
Epstein, Leon D.Political Parties in the American Mold. Madison, Wis., 1986.
Ethington, Philip J.The Public City: The Political Construction of Urban Life in San Francisco, 1850–1900. Cambridge, U.K., 1994.
Finegold, Kenneth. Experts and Politicians: Reform Challenges to Machine Politics in New York, Cleveland and Chicago. Princeton, N.J., 1995.
Flint, Winston Allen. The Progressive Movement in Vermont. Washington, D.C., 1941.
Fredman, L. E.The Australian Ballot: The Story of an American Reform. East Lansing, Mich., 1968.
Goebel, Thomas. A Government by the People: Direct Democracy in America, 1890–1940. Chapel Hill, N.C., 2002.
Hichborn, Franklin. Story of the Session of the California Legislature of 1909. San Francisco, 1909.
Hofstadter, Richard. The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It. New York, 1948.
Issel, William, and Cherney, Robert W.. San Francisco, 1865–1932: Politics, Power and Urban Development. Berkeley, Calif., 1986.
Jensen, Richard. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896. Chicago, 1971.
Josephson, Matthew. The Politicos, 1865–1896. New York, 1938.
Katznelson, Ira, and Milner, Helen V., eds. Political Science: The State of the Discipline. New York, 2002.
Keating, Edward. The Gentleman from Colorado. Denver, 1961.
Keller, Morton. Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America. Cambridge, Mass., 1977.
Key, V. O. Jr.Politics, Parties and Pressure Groups. 5th ed. New York, 1964.
Key, V. O. Jr.Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York, 1949.
Keyssar, Alexander. The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York, 2000.
Kousser, J. Morgan. The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One Party South, 1880–1910. New Haven, Conn., 1974.
Leonard, Thomas C.The Power of the Press: The Birth of American Political Reporting. New York, 1986.
Link, Arthur S., and McCormick, Richard L.. Progressivism. Arlington Hts., Ill., 1983.
Lovejoy, Allen Fraser. Robert M. La Follette and the Establishment of the Direct Primary in Wisconsin, 1890–1904. New Haven, Conn., 1941.
Marcus, Robert D.Grand Old Party: Political Structure in the Gilded Age, 1880–1896. New York, 1971.
Martin, Boyd A.The Direct Primary in Idaho. New York, 1947.
McCormick, Richard L.From Realignment to Reform: Political Change in New York State, 1893–1910. Ithaca, N.Y., 1981.
McCormick, Richard L.The Party Period in Public Policy: American Politics from the Age of Jackson to the Progressive Era. New York, 1986.
McCormick, Richard P.The History of Voting in New Jersey: A Study of the Development of Election Machinery, 1664–1911. New Brunswick, N.J., 1953.
McCormick, Richard P.The Presidential Game: The Origins of American Presidential Politics. New York, 1982.
McCormick, Richard P.The Second American Party System: Party Formation in the Jacksonian Era. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1966.
McGerr, Michael E.The Decline of Popular Politics: The American North, 1865–1928. New York, 1986.
McSeveney, Samuel T.The Politics of Depression: Political Behavior in the Northeast, 1893–1896. New York, 1972.
Merriam, Charles Edward, Gosnell, Harold F., and Overacker, Louise. Primary Elections. Chicago, 1928.
Millspaugh, Arthur Chester. Party Organization and Machinery in Michigan Since 1890. Baltimore, 1917.
Morgan, Edmund S.Inventing the People: Popular Sovereignty in England and America. New York, 1988.
Mowry, George L.The California Progressives. Berkeley, Calif., 1951.
National Conference on Practical Reform of Primary Elections. Proceedings of the National Conference on Practical Reform of Primary Elections, January 20 and 21, 1898. Chicago, 1898.
Noble, Ransom E.New Jersey Progressivism Before Wilson. Princeton, N.J., 1946.
Pegram, Thomas R.Partisans and Progressives: Private Interest and Public Policy in Illinois, 1870–1922. Urbana, Ill., 1992.
Philipp, Emanuel L.Political Reform in Wisconsin. Madison, Wis., 1973.
Pollock, James K.The Direct Primary in Michigan, 1909–1935. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1943.
Polsby, Nelson W.Consequences of Party Reform. Oxford, 1983.
Ranney, Austin. Curing the Mischiefs of Faction: Party Reform in America. Berkeley, Calif., 1975.
Rapport, George C.The Statesman and the Boss. New York, 1961.
Remsen, Daniel S.Primary Elections: A Study for Improving the Basis of Party Organization. New York, 1895.
Reynolds, John F.Testing Democracy: Electoral Behavior and Progressive Reform in New Jersey, 1880–1920. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1988.
Rogin, Michael Paul, and Shover, John L.. Political Change in California: Critical Elections and Social Movements. Westport, Conn., 1970.
Schattschneider, E. E.The Semi-Sovereign People. New York, 1960.
Shafer, Byron E.Partisan Approaches to Postwar American Politics. New York, 1998.
Shafer, Byron E., and Badger, Anthony J.. Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775–2000. Lawrence, Kans., 2001.
Shefter, Martin. Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience. Princeton, N.J., 1993.
Silbey, Joel H.The American Political Nation, 1838–1893. Stanford, Calif., 1991.
Smith, Hedrick. The Power Game: How Washington Works. New York, 1987.
Sorauf, Frank J.Party Politics in America. 2nd ed. Boston, 1972.
Summers, Mark Wahlgren. Party Games: Getting, Keeping, and Using Power in Gilded Age Politics. Chapel Hill, N.C., 2004.
VanderMeer, Philip R.The Hoosier Politician: Officeholding and Political Culture in Indiana, 1896–1920. Urbana, Ill., 1985.
Ware, Alan. The American Direct Primary: Party Institutionalization and Transformation in the North. Cambridge, U.K., 2002.
Ware, Alan. The Breakdown of Democratic Party Organization, 1940–1980. Oxford, 1985.
Wattenberg, Martin P.The Rise of Candidate-Centered Politics: Presidential Elections of the 1980s. London, 1991.
Wiebe, Robert H.The Search for Order, 1877–1920. New York, 1967.
Wiebe, Robert H.Self-Rule: A Cultural History of American Democracy. Chicago, 1995.
Williams, R. Hal. The Democratic Party and California Politics, 1880–1896. Stanford, Calif., 1973.
Woodruff, Clinton Rogers, ed. Proceedings of the New York Conference for Good City Government and the Sixth Annual Meeting of the National Municipal League [1900]. Philadelphia, 1900.
Woodruff, Clinton Rogers, ed. Proceedings of the Rochester Conference for Good City Government and the Seventh Annual Meeting of the National Municipal League [1901]. Philadelphia, 1901.
Woodruff, Clinton Rogers, ed. Proceedings of the Chicago Conference for Good City Government and the Tenth Annual Meeting of the National Municipal League [1904]. Philadelphia, 1904.
Woodruff, Clinton Rogers, ed. Proceedings of the New York Conference for Good City Government and the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the National Municipal League [1905]. Philadelphia, 1905.
Wright, James Edward. The Politics of Populism: Dissent in Colorado. New Haven, Conn., 1974.
Articles
Anonymous. “Doubts about the Direct Primary.” Literary Digest, Oct. 10, 1914, pp. 672–73.
Aylsworth, Leon E. “Primary Elections – Legislation of 1909–1910.” American Political Science Review 6 (Feb. 1912): 60–74.
Beard, Charles A. “The Direct Primary Movement in New York.” Proceedings of the American Political Science Association 7 (1910): 187–98.
Becker, Carl. “The Unit Rule in National Nominating Conventions.” American Historical Review 5 (Oct. 1899): 64–82.
Bernheim, A. C. “Party Organizations and Their Nominations to Public Office in New York City.” Political Science Quarterly 3 (Mar. 1888): 99–122.
Blair, Emily Newell. “Every Man His Own Campaign Manager.” The Outlook, Feb. 25, 1911, pp. 426–33.
Bogue, Allan G., Clubb, Jerome M., McKibbin, Carroll R., and Traugott, Santa A.. “Members of the House of Representatives and the Process of Modernization, 1789–1960.” Journal of American History 63 (Sept. 1976): 291–305.
Bonaparte, Charles J. “An Elective Boss.” The Outlook, Dec. 4, 1909, pp. 773–76.
Boots, Ralph S. “Party Platforms in State Politics.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 106 (Mar. 1923): 72–82.
Brickner, Issac M. “Direct Primaries Versus Boss Rule.” The Arena 41 (Aug. 1909): 550–56.
Buenker, John D. “The Mahatma and Progressive Reform: Martin Lomasney as Lawmaker, 1911–17.” New England Quarterly 44 (Sept. 1971): 397–419.
Buenker, John D. “The Politics of Resistance: The Rural-Based Yankee Republican Machines of Connecticut and Rhode Island.” New England Quarterly 47 (June 1974): 212–37.
Buenker, John D. “Sovereign Individuals and Organic Networks: Political Cultures in Conflict During the Progressive Era.” American Quarterly 40 (June 1988): 187–204.
Burnham, Walter Dean. “The System of 1896: An Analysis.” In The Evolution of American Electoral Systems, ed. Kleppner, Paul, Walter Dean Burnham, Ronald P. Formisano, Samuel P. Hays, Richard Jensen, and William G. Shade. 147–202. Westport, Conn., 1981.
Chrislock, Carl H. “Sidney M. Owen: An Editor in Politics.” Minnesota History 36 (Dec. 1958): 109–26.
Committee on Political Parties of the American Political Science Association. “Toward a More Responsible Two Party System.” American Political Science Review 44 (Sept. 1950): 15–84.
Cox, Ora Ellen. “The Socialist Party in Indiana Since 1896.” Indiana Magazine of History 12 (June 1916): 95–130.
Crossley, James Judson. “The Regulation of Primary Elections by Law.” Iowa Journal of History and Politics 1 (Apr. 1903): 165–92.
Dunn, Arthur Wallace. “The Direct Primary: Promise and Performance.” Review of Reviews 46 (Oct. 1912): 439–45.
Easley, Ralph M. “The Sine Qua Non of Caucus Reform.” Review of Reviews 16 (Sept. 1897): 322–24.
Ethington, Philip J. “The Metropolis and Multicultural Ethics: Direct Democracy Versus Deliberative Democracy in the Progressive Era.” In Progressivism and the New Democracy, ed. Milkis, Sidney M. and Mileur, Jerome M.. 192–225. Amherst, Mass., 1999.
Evans, Frank B. “Wharton Barker and the Republican National Convention of 1880.” Pennsylvania History 27 (Jan. 1960): 28–43.
Filene, Peter G. “An Obituary for the Progressive Movement.” American Quarterly 22 (Spring 1970): 20–34.
Ford, Henry Jones. “The Direct Primary.” North American Review 190 (July 1909): 1–14.
Formisano, Ronald P. “The Concept of Political Culture.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31 (Winter 2001): 393–426.
Geiser, Karl F. “Defects in the Direct Primary.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 106 (Mar. 1923): 31–39.
Godkin, E. L. “The Nominating System.” Atlantic Monthly 79 (Apr. 1897): 450–67.
Green, George Walton. “Facts About the Caucus and the Primary.” North American Review 137 (Sept. 1883): 257–69.
Haigh, Henry A. “The Alger Movement of 1888.” Michigan History Magazine 9 (1925): 173–214.
Hand, Samuel B., Marshall, Jeffrey D., and Sanford, D. Gregory. “‘Little Republics’: The Structure of State Politics in Vermont, 1854–1920.” Vermont History 53 (Summer 1985): 141–66.
Hays, Samuel P. “The Politics of Reform in Municipal Government in the Progressive Era.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 55 (Oct. 1964): 157–69.
Hein, Clarence J. “The Adoption of Minnesota's Direct Primary Law.” Minnesota History 35 (Dec. 1957): 341–51.
Hemstreet, William. “Theory and Practice of the New Primary Law.” The Arena 28 (Dec. 1902): 585–95.
Holli, Melvin G. “Mayor Pingree Campaigns for the Governorship.” Michigan History 57 (Summer 1973): 151–73.
Hopkins, John S. “Direct Nomination of Candidates by the People.” The Arena 19 (June 1898): 729–39.
Horack, Frank Edward. “The Operation of the Primary Election Law in Iowa.” Iowa Journal of History and Politics 19 (Jan. 1921): 94–124.
Horack, Frank Edward. “Primary Elections in Iowa.” Proceedings of the American Political Science Association 7 (1910): 175–86.
Hotchkiss, William H. “The Movement for Better Primaries.” Review of Reviews 17 (May 1898): 583–89.
Insley, Edward. “How to Reform the Primary Election System.” The Arena 17 (June 1897): 1013–23.
Insley, Edward. “Needed Political Reforms.” The Arena 29 (Jan. 1903): 71–75.
Kernell, Samuel. “Toward Understanding Nineteenth Century Congressional Careers: Ambition, Competition, and Rotation.” American Journal of Political Science 21 (Nov. 1977): 669–93.
Key, V. O. Jr. “The Direct Primary and Party Structure: A Study of State Legislative Nominations.” American Political Science Review 58 (Mar. 1954): 1–26.
Kleppner, Paul. “Voters and Parties in the Western States, 1876–1900.” Western Historical Quarterly 14 (Jan. 1983): 49–68.
Lederle, John W., and Aid, Rita Feiler. “Michigan State Party Chairmen, 1882–1956.” Michigan History 41 (Sept. 1957): 257–68.
Ludington, Arthur. “Election Laws: The New Geran Law in New Jersey.” American Political Science Review 5 (Nov. 1911): 579–85.
Lukes, Timothy J. “Progressivism Off-Broadway: Reform Politics in San Jose, California, 1880–1920.” Southern California Quarterly 76 (Winter 1994): 377–400.
Mann, Ralph. “National Party Fortunes and Local Political Structure: The Case of Two California Mining Towns, 1850–1870.” Southern California Quarterly 57 (Fall 1975): 271–96.
McClosky, Herbert. “Are Political Conventions Undemocratic?” New York Times Magazine, Aug. 4, 1968, p. 10.
McCormick, Richard L. “The Party Period and Public Policy: An Exploratory Hypothesis,” Journal of American History 66 (Sept. 1970): 279–98.
Merriam, Charles Edward. “Some Disputed Points in Primary Election Legislation.” Proceedings of the American Political Science Association 4 (1907): 179–88.
Milholland, John E. “The Danger Point in American Politics.” North American Review 164 (Jan. 1897): 97–105.
Millspaugh, Arthur C. “The Operation of the Direct Primary in Michigan.” American Political Science Review 10 (Nov. 1916): 710–26.
Noble, David W. “Progressivism.” In Encyclopedia of American Political History, ed. Greene, Jack P.. Vol. 4. 992–1004. New York, 1984.
Petersen, Eric Falk. “The Adoption of the Direct Primary in California.” Southern California Quarterly 54 (Winter 1972): 363–78.
Petersen, Eric Falk. “The Struggle for the Australian Ballot in California.” California Historical Quarterly 51 (Fall 1972): 227–43.
Reynolds, John F., and McCormick, Richard L.. “Outlawing ‘Treachery’: Split Tickets and Ballot Laws in New York and New Jersey, 1880–1914.” Journal of American History 72 (Mar. 1986): 835–58.
Rodgers, Daniel T. “In Search of Progressivism.” Reviews in American History 10 (Dec. 1982): 113–32.
Roosevelt, Theodore. “Machine Politics in New York City.” The Century 33 (Nov. 1886): 74–82.
Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. “Faded Glory.” New York Times Magazine, July 12, 1992, p. 14.
Shaw, William B. “The Direct Primary on Trial.” The Outlook, Oct. 24, 1908, pp. 383–89.
Shefter, Martin. “Regional Receptivity to Reform: The Legacy of the Progressive Era.” Political Science Quarterly 98 (Autumn 1983): 459–83.
Starring, Charles R. “Hazen S. Pingree: Another Forgotten Eagle.” Michigan History 32 (June 1948): 129–49.
Taylor, William B., and West, Elliott. “Patron Leadership at the Crossroads: Southern Colorado in the Late Nineteenth Century.” Pacific Historical Review 17 (Aug. 1973): 335–57.
Throne, Mildred. “Electing an Iowa Governor, 1871: Cyrus Clay Carpenter.” Iowa Journal of History 48 (Oct. 1950): 335–70.
Truman, David B. “Party Reform, Party Atrophy, and Constitutional Change: Some Reflections.” Political Science Quarterly 99 (Winter 1984–85): 637–55.
Wallace, Schuyler C. “Pre-Primary Conventions.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 106 (Mar. 1923): 97–104.
Warden, G. B. “The Caucus and Democracy in Colonial Boston.” New England Quarterly 43 (Mar. 1970): 19–45.
Weeks, O. Douglas. “The White Primary, 1944–1948.” American Political Science Review 42 (June 1948): 500–510.
West, Victor J. “Round Table on Nominating Methods: The Development of a Technique for Testing the Usefulness of a Nominating Method.” American Political Science Review 20 (Feb. 1926): 139–43.
Westbrook, Robert B. “Politics as Consumption: Managing the Modern American Election.” In The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 1880–1980, eds. Fox, Richard Wrightman and Lears, T. J. Jackson. 145–73. New York, 1983.
Wicker, Tom. “Let Some Smoke In.” New York Times Magazine, June 14, 1992, p. 34.
Unpublished Theses and Dissertations
Sarasohn, Stephen B. “The Regulation of Parties and Nominations in Michigan: The Politics of Election Reform.” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1953.
Warner, Robert Mark. “Chase S. Osborn and the Progressive Movement.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1957.
Wolfe, Arthur Coffman. “The Direct Primary in American Politics.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1966.
Manuscript Collections
The Archives at the University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries
William Penn Collins Collection.
Colorado Federation of Women's Clubs Collection.
Edward P. Costigan Papers.
Edward Keating Papers.
George J. Kindel Papers.
National Republican League. “Souvenir of the Seventh Annual Convention of the National Republican League Meeting in Denver, June 26, 1894.”
T. J. O'Donnell Papers.
Harper M. Orahood Papers.
Thomas M. Patterson Papers.
Jose Urbano Vigil Papers.
Bancroft Library – University of California at Berkeley
Daniel M. Burns Papers.
Committee of Fifty. “Address of the Committee of Fifty to the People [1882].”
League of Republican Clubs. “Plans for Effective County Organization.”
George Cooper Pardee Papers.
Pillsbury, Arthur Judson. “Plans for Effective County Organization of the Republican Party in California.” Tulare, Calif., 1898.
Republican Party of California. “Proceedings of the Republican State Convention, Sacramento, June 18th to June 19th, 1861.”
Republican Party of California. “Proceedings of the Union State Convention Held at Sacramento on the 17th and 18th Days of June, 1862.” San Francisco, 1862.
Republican Party of California. “Roll Call of the Republican State Convention, 1882.”
Republican Party of San Francisco, California. “By-laws and Rules of the Republican County Committee for 1873–74.”
Republican Party of San Francisco, California. “Proceedings of a Meeting Held at Platt's Hall, San Francisco, June 11th, 1872 … to Ratify the Nominations of U. S. Grant and Henry Wilson.”
Republican Party of San Francisco, California. “Rules and Regulations of the Republican Party of San Francisco.” 1881.
Bentley Historical Library – University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Rice Aner Beal Papers.
Ferry Family Papers.
Harrison Greer Papers.
Chase S. Osborn Papers.
California State Library, Sacramento
California League of Republican Clubs. “Second Biennial Convention of the California League of Republican Clubs, Held at Los Angeles, Apr. 27–28, 1900.”
California Republican Club. “Proceedings of the Republican League of 1900.”
James N. Gillett Papers.
Warren T. Sexton Papers.
Colorado Historical Society – Denver
Colorado Federation of Jane Jefferson Clubs Collection
Job Adams Cooper Papers.
John Franklin Shaforth Papers.
Denver Public Library
William A. Hamill Papers.
Henry Moore Teller Collection.
Joel F. Vaille Papers.
Department of Special Collections at the Stanford University Library
Stephen Mallory White Papers.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.