Johannesson & Johannesson (1993) contend that we have misread their earlier paper (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990). They write that it is only possible to use neutral loci to study genetic relationships in closely related taxa (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1993) and that, there-fore, they had dismissed the variation in Aat-1 when considering the taxonomic status of Littorina neglecta (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1993). However, in their earlier paper they write: & ldquo;This [the pattern of variation in Aat-1] indicates that the within-site differentiation at Aat-1 is caused by diversifying selection in the two different micro-habitats rather than to a reproductive barrier between neglecta and saxatilis type snails” (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990, p. 94). Therefore, after dealing separately with the pattern of variation at four loci which are ‘presumably neutral’ (Johannesson & Johannesson, 1990, p. 96), the Aat-1 variation is considered by these authors in the context of a putative reproductive barrier. The argument is repeated at the beginning of the discussion in Johannesson & Johannesson (1990, p. 95).

A buoyant-weight method is described for the non-destructive estimation of fresh weight, total dry weight, shell weight and dry weight of organic matter in living barnacles Balanus amphitrite amphitrite Darwin. The method involves developing regression equations relating weight in air of these parameters to the buoyant weight of living barnacles in sea water. Buoyant weights of barnacles can then be used with the regression equations to obtain the weight in air of these consitituents, making possible the measurement of rates of shell growth and growth in dry weight without disturbance to the living animal. The method has been developed for the analysis of groups of juvenile barnacles cultured on coverslips, ranging in total dry weight from 1 to 60 mg, and for single mature individuals from 75 to 800 mg total dry weight. The buoyant-weight method has been used to measure shell growth of 2–3 mg d-1 in barnacles of 48 mg mean initial total dry weight cultured at 28°C.

An intraskeletal soluble matrix protein of 83 kD was isolated from the calcareous skeletal elements of living specimens of two asteroid species, one echinoid species, and an early Pleistocene fossil specimen of an extant echinoid species. Characterization of this protein by sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, reverse phase liquid chromatography, and amino acid composition analysis confirms its similarity to matrix proteins from other phyla. It is composed of a relatively high percentage of the acidic amino acids especially aspartic acid. The 83 kD protein stains only faintly with silver stain and not at all with Coomassie blue, as is typical of matrix proteins. As this protein occurs in both living and fossil echinoids, its analysis may provide information about phylogenetic relations.