Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-15T13:34:52.681Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Trapped in Precarious Work

The Case of Syrian Refugee Workers in Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2024

Elina Meliou
Affiliation:
Brunel University
Joana Vassilopoulou
Affiliation:
Brunel University
Mustafa F. Ozbilgin
Affiliation:
Brunel University
Get access

Summary

Precarious working conditions have been a significant global challenge across many countries, and the impact of precarious employment conditions, particularly on low-income refugees, has led to dramatic experiences. Drawing on a qualitative study, this chapter investigates the precarity experiences of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Our exploration which highlights the vulnerable nature of refugees in the work environment also reveals the unwelcoming treatments they face in social life. Our multilevel analyses represent macro-, meso-, and micro-level findings. The macro-level findings point to a lack of migration policy, insufficient level of employment laws and labour unionisation that worsen the precarious conditions. At the meso-level analysis, we found inadequate organisational level interventions by firms such as unethical treatment, intimidation for noticing police and wage theft. Finally, the micro-level results focused on social exclusion. The study contributes to debates on insecurity, inequality, diversity, and human rights in migration studies.

Type
Chapter
Information
Diversity and Precarious Work During Socio-Economic Upheaval
Exploring the Missing Link
, pp. 183 - 212
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akgündüz, A. (2018). Labour Migration from Turkey to Western Europe, 1960–1974. A Multidisciplinary Analysis. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Akinlade, E. Y., Lambert, J. R. and Zhang, P. (2020). Mechanisms for hiring discrimination of immigrant applicants in the United States. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 39(4), 395417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akşit, B. (1993). Studies in Rural Transformation in Turkey 1950–1990. In Culture and Economy in Turkish Villages, ed. , P. Stirling, , 187200. London: Eothen Press.Google Scholar
Alberti, G. (2014). Mobility strategies, “mobility differentials” and “transnational exit”: the experiences of precarious migrants in London’s hospitality jobs. Work, Employment and Society, 28(6), 865881.Google Scholar
Ali, W. K. & Newbold, K. B. (2019). Geographic Variations in Precarious Employment Outcomes Between Immigrant and Canadian-Born Populations. Papers in Regional Science, 99, 11851213.Google Scholar
Ali, W. K. & Newbold, K. B. (2020). Geographic variations in precarious employment outcomes between immigrant and Canadian-born populations. Regional Science, 99(5), 11851213.Google Scholar
Amuedo-Dorantes, C. & de la Rica, S. (2007a). Labor Market Assimilation of Recent Immigrants in Spain. IZA Discussion Paper No. 2104, doi.10.2139/ssrn.900382.Google Scholar
Amuedo-Dorantes, C. & de la Rica, S. (2007b). Labour Market Assimilation of Recent Immigrants in Spain. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(2), 257284. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00614.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, B. (2010). Migration, immigration controls and the fashioning of precarious workers. Work, Employment and Society 24(2), 300317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, B. & Rogaly, B. (2005). Forced Labour and Migration to the UK. London: Trades Union Congress.Google Scholar
Anderson, B., Ruhs, M., Rogaly, B., and Spencer, S. (2007) Fair Enough? Central and East European Migrants in Low-Wage Employment in the UK. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Anderson, D. & Tipples, R. (2014). Are vulnerable workers really protected in New Zealand? New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 39(1), 5267.Google Scholar
Armağan, F. & Lloyd, T. (2018). Beyond illegality: The gendered (in-)securities of illegal Armenian care workers in Turkey/Yasadışılığın ötesi: Ermeni kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet temelli güvencesizlikleri. Fe Dergi, 10(1), 7993.Google Scholar
Arnold, D. & Bongiovi, J. (2013). Precarious, informalizing, and flexible work: transforming concepts and understandings. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(3), 289308.Google Scholar
Baban, F., IIican, S. & Rygiel, K. (2017). Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Pathways to Precarity Differential Inclusion, and Negotiated Citizenship Rights. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43 (1), 4157.Google Scholar
Battisti, M., Peri, G. & Romiti, A. (2018). Dynamic Effects of Co-Ethnic Networks on Immigrants’ Economic Success. NBER Working Paper 22389.Google Scholar
Baykut, S., Özbilgin, M. F., Erbil, C., Kamasak, R., & Baglama, S. (2021). The impact of hidden curriculum on international students in the context of a toxic triangle of diversity. The Curriculum Journal, 33(2), 156–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/curj.135Google Scholar
Befort, S. F. & Budd, J. W. (2009). Invisible Hands, Invisible Objectives: Bringing Workplace Law and Public Policy into Focus. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Berg, L. & Farbenblum, B. (2017). Wage theft report. Migrant Worker Justice Initiative.Google Scholar
Betti, E. (2018). Historicizing Precarious Work: Forty Years of Research in the Social Sciences and Humanities. International Review of Social History, 63(2), 273319.Google Scholar
Bhalla, A. McCormick, P. (2009) Poverty Among Immigrant Children in Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bloch, A., & McKay, S. (2017). Living on the Margins: Undocumented Migrants in a Global City. Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Bloch, A., Sigona, N., Zetter, R. (2012). Migration routes and strategies of young undocumented migrants in England: a qualitative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies 34(8), 12861302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobek, A., Pembroke, S. & Wickham, J. (2018). Social Implications of Precarious Work. Dublin: TASC.Google Scholar
Boratav, K. (2006). Türkiye I˙ktisat Tarihi [Economic history of Turkey]. Ankara: I˙mge Kitabevi.Google Scholar
Bosch, G. (2004). Towards a New Standard Employment Relationship in Western Europe. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42(4), 617636.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1999). Job insecurity is everywhere now. In Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, H. & Hoof, J. van (2005). Fractured Transitions: The Changing Context of Young Peoples’ Labour Market Situations in Europe, in , H. Bradley, and , J. van Hoof, (eds) Young People in Europe, (pp. 99–113). Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006) Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, J. (2004). Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Campbell, I. & Price, R. (2016). Precarious work and precarious workers: Towards an improved conceptualisation. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 27(3), 314332.Google Scholar
Campbell, I., Tranfaglia, M.A., Tham, J.-C. & Boese, M. (2019). Precarious work and the reluctance to complain: Italian temporary migrant workers in Australia. Labour and Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work, 29(1), 98117.Google Scholar
Çelik, A. B. (2005) “I miss my village!”: Forced Kurdish migrants in I˙stanbul and their representation in associations. New Perspectives on Turkey, 32, 137163.Google Scholar
Clement, W., Mathieu, S., Prus, S. & Uckardesier, E. (2009) Precarious lives in the new economy: Comparative intersectional analysis. GWD/CPD Working Paper Series.Google Scholar
Clibborn, S. & Wright, C. F. (2018). Employer theft of temporary migrant workers wages in Australia: Why has the state failed to act? The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 29(2), 207227.Google Scholar
D’Amours, M. (2010). Employment after age 50: How precarious is it? Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, 64(2), 209229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davas, A. (2018). What determines the health of migrant workers? Toplum ve Hekim, 33(5), 327336.Google Scholar
Deutsche Welle. (2021). The German-Turkish Recruitment Agreement 60 years on. Retrieved from. www.dw.com/en/the-german-turkish-recruitment-agreement-60-years-on/a-59398455Google Scholar
Dorre, K., Kraemer, K. & Speidel, F. (2006). The increasing precariousness of the employment society – driving force for a new right-wing populism? 15th Conference of Europeanists, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Elcioglu, E. F. (2010). Producing Precarity: The Temporary Staffing Agency in the Labor Market. Qualitative sociology, 33(2), 117136.Google Scholar
Ertorer, S. E., Long, J., Fellin, M. & Esses, V. M. (2020). Immigrant perceptions of integration in the Canadian workplace. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, Vol. ahead-of- print No. ahead-of-print. doi: 10.1108/EDI-02-2019-0086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esbenshade, J., Shifrin, E. & Rider, K. (2019). Leveraging liminality: how San Diego taxi drivers used their precarious status to win reform. Labor History, 60(2), 7995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esses, V. M. (2021). Prejudice and discrimination toward immigrants. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1), 503531.Google Scholar
Ettlinger, N. (2007). Precarity unbound. Alternatives, 32, 319340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forde, C. & Mackenzie, R. (2009). Employers’ use of low-skilled migrant workers: assessing the implications for human resource management. International Journal of Manpower, 30(5), 437452.Google Scholar
Foster, J. (2021). Tracking Precarity: Employment Pathways of Precarious Status migrant Workers in Canada. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 46(3), 257278.Google Scholar
Fudge, J. (2014). Making claims for migrant workers: human rights and citizenship. Citizenship Studies, 18(1), 2945.Google Scholar
Fudge, J. & Owens, J. (2006) Precarious Work, Women and the New Economy: The Challenge to Legal Norms, Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Graneheim, U. H., Lindgren, B. & Lundman, B. (2017). Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper. Nurse Education Today, 56, 2934.Google Scholar
Hamrin, S. B. A. (2019) Constructions of inclusion at two senior nursing home units in Sweden: immigrants’ perspectives. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 38(4), 462476.Google Scholar
Han, C. (2018). Precariousness, precarity and vulnerability. Annual Review of Anthropology, 47(1), 331343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hande, M. J., Mian Akram, A. and Condratto, S. (2020). “All of this happens here?”: Diminishing perceptions of Canada through immigrants’ precarious work in Ontario. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 21, 711729.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heinrich, S., Shire, K., & Mottweiler, H. (2020). Fighting (for) the margins: Trade union responses to the emergence of cross-border temporary agency work in the European Union. Journal of Industrial Relations, 62(2), 210234. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185619900649.Google Scholar
Hoffman, B. J., Shoss, M. K. & Wegman, L. A. (2020). The Cambridge Handbook of the Changing Nature of Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Holgate, J. (2005). Organizing migrant workers: a case study of working conditions and unionization in a London sandwich factory. Work, Employment & Society, 19(3), 463480.Google Scholar
Hopkins, B., Dawson, C. & Veliziotis, M. (2016). Absence management of migrant agency workers in the food manufacturing sector. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(10), 10821100.Google Scholar
Howe, J. (2020). How effective are legal interventions for addressing precarious work? The case of temporary migrants in the Australian horticulture industry. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 44(2), 3550.Google Scholar
I˙çduygu, A. & ve Aksel, D. B. (2012). Türkiye’de Düzensiz Göç. Türkiye: Uluslararası Göç Örgütü.Google Scholar
ILO. (2012). From precarious work to decent work. Outcome document to the workers’ symposium on policies and regulations to combat precarious employment. Geneva: International Labour Organisation.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. (2018). Turkey’s Syrian Refugees: Defusing Metropolitan Tensions. Retrieved from Turkey’s Syrian Refugees: Defusing Metropolitan Tensions | Crisis Group.Google Scholar
Jonsson, I. & Nyberg, A. (2010). Sweden: precarious work and precarious unemployment, In , Leah F. Vosko, , , Martha MacDonald, and , Iain Campbell, , (Eds.) Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment, in: Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment. London & New York: Routledge, 2009, p. 194210.Google Scholar
Kagan, C., Lo, S., Mok, L., Lawthom, R., Sham, S., Greenwood, M. & Baines, S. (2011). Experiences of Forced Labour among Chinese Migrant Workers. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Kalleberg, A. & Vallas, S. (2018). Probing Precarious Work: Theory, Research, and Politics. In Kalleberg, A.L., Vallas, S.P., Kalleberg, A.L. and Vallas, S.P. (Eds.) Precarious Work (Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 31), Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320170000031017.Google Scholar
Kalleberg, A. L. (2009). Precarious work, insecure workers: Employment relations in transition. American Sociological Review, 74(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240907400101Google Scholar
Kamaşak, R., & Yavuz, M. (2016). Economic development, market characteristics and current business conditions in Turkey: A guide for successful operations, In Christiansen, B. and Erdogdu, M. M. (Eds.), Comparative Economics and Regional Development in Turkey (pp. 336354), Michigan, USA: IGI Global Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamasak, R., Özbilgin, M. F., Baykut, S., & Yavuz, M. (2020). Moving from individual intersections to institutional intersections: Insights from LGBTQ individuals in Turkey. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 33(3), 456476.Google Scholar
Kamaşak, R., Özbilgin, M.F., & Yavuz, M. (2020). Understanding intersectional analyses. In: King, E., Roberson, Q. and Hebl, M. (eds.), Research on Social Issues in Management on Pushing Understanding of Diversity in Organizations (pp. 93115). Charlotte, USA: Information Age Publishing.Google Scholar
Kamaşak, R., Özbilgin, M.F., Yavuz, M., & Akalin, C. (2020). Race discrimination at work in the UK. In: Vassilopoulou, J., Brabet, J., Kyriakidou, O. and Shovunmi, V. (eds.), Race Discrimination and the Management of Ethnic Diversity at Work: European Countries Perspective (pp. 107127). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing.Google Scholar
Kirov, V. & Hohnen, P. (2015). Trade unions strategies to address inclusion of vulnerable employees in “anchored” services in Europe. International Journal of Manpower, 36(6), 848873.Google Scholar
Kretsos, L. (2010) The persistent pandemic of precariousness: young people at work. In: Tremmel, J (ed) A Young Generation Under Pressure? New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Kushnirovich, N., Heilbrunn, S. & Davidovich, L. (2018). Diversity of Entrepreneurial Perceptions: Immigrants vs. Native Population: Entrepreneurial Perceptions of Immigrants. European Management Review, 15(3). DOI: 10.1111/emre.12105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushnirovich, N., Raijman, R. & Barak-Bianco, A. (2019). The impact of government regulation on recruitment process, rights, wages and working conditions of labor migrants in the Israeli construction sector. European Management Review, 16(4), 909922.Google Scholar
Küskü, F., Araci, O. & Ozbilgin, M. (2020). What happens to diversity at work in the context of a toxic triangle? Accounting for the gap between discourses and practices of diversity management. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(2), 553574.Google Scholar
Küskü, F., Aracı, Ö. & Ozbilgin, M. (2021). What happens to diversity at work in the context of a toxic triangle? Accounting for the gap between discourses and practices of diversity management. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(2), 553574.Google Scholar
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Locke, K. (2011). Field research practice in management and organization studies: Reclaiming its tradition of discovery. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 613652. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.593319Google Scholar
MacKenzie, R. & Forde, C. (2009). The rhetoric of the “good worker” versus the realities of employers’ use and the experiences of migrant workers. Work, Employment and Society, 23(1), 142159.Google Scholar
McDowell, L., Batnitzky, A. & Dyer, S. (2008). Internationalization and the spaces of temporary labor: the global assembly of a local workforce. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46(4), 750770.Google Scholar
McDowell, L., Batnitzky, A., & Dyer, S. (2009). Precarious work and economic migration: Emerging immigrant divisions of labour in Greater London’s service sector. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33(1), 325.Google Scholar
McKay, S. & Markova, E. (2010). The operation and management of agency workers in conditions of vulnerability. Industrial Relations Journal, 41(5), 446460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKay, S., Szymonek, J. & Keles, J.Y. (2012). Study on Precarious Work and Social Rights (Report for the European Commission (VT/2010/084)). London: Working Lives Research Institute, London Metropolitan University.Google Scholar
Migration Policy Institute (MPI). (2021). The EU-Turkey Deal, Five Years On: A Frayed and Controversial but Enduring Blueprint. Retrieved from www.migrationpolicy.org/article/eu-turkey-deal-five-years-on.Google Scholar
Milkman, R. (2011). Immigrant workers, precarious work, and the US Labor Movement. Globalizations, 8(3), 361372.Google Scholar
Nijhawan, M. (2019). Migrant precarity and religious individualisation. In , M. Fuchs, , , A. Linkenbach, , , M. Mulsow, , , B.-C. Otto, , , R. B. Parson, , & , J. Rüpke, (Eds.), Religious individualisation: Historical dimensions and comparative perspectives (Vol. 1, pp. 737–758). De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Nyamnjoh, H., Hall, S. & Cirolia, L.R. (2022). Precarity, Permits, and Prayers: “Working Practices” of Congolese Asylum-Seeking Women in Cape Town. Africa Spectrum, 57(1), 3049.Google Scholar
Oner, A. C., Durmaz-Drinkwater, B. & Grant, R. J. (2020). Precarity of refugees: the case of Basmane-I˙zmir, Turkey, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1469–9451. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1732591.Google Scholar
Özbilgin, M., & Erbil, C. (2019). Yönetim Çalışmaları Alanındaki Kısır Yöntem I˙kilemlerini Dışaçekimsel ve Geçmişsel Yaklaşım ve Eleştirel Gerçekçilikle Yöntem Yelpazesine Dönüştürmek. Yönetim ve Çalışma Dergisi, 3(1), 124.Google Scholar
Özbilgin, M. & Vassilopoulou, J. (2018). Relational Methods in Organization Studies: A Critical Overview. In: Ciesielska, M., Jemielniak, D. (eds) Qualitative Methodologies in Organization Studies. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65442-3_7.Google Scholar
Özvarış, Ş. B., Kayı, İ, Mardin, D., Sakarya, S., Ekhayez, Meagher, K. & Patel, P. (2020). COVID-19 barriers and response strategies for refugees and undocumented migrants in Turkey. Journal of Migration and Health, 1–2, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100012Google Scholar
Parrenas, R. S., Silvey, R., Hwang, M. C., 6 Choi, C. A. (2019). Serial labor migration: Precarity and itinerancy among Filipino and Indonesian domestic workers. International Migration Review, 53(4), 12301258.Google Scholar
Polanyi, K. (1944). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Porthé, V., Ahonen, E., Vázquez, M.L., Pope, C., Agudelo, A., García, A., Amable, M., Benavides, F., & Benach, J. (2010). Extending a model of precarious employment: the case of Spain. American journal of industrial medicine, 53(4), 417424.Google Scholar
Posch, K., Scott, S., Cockbain, E. & Bradford, B. (2020). Scale and nature of precarious work in the UK. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1040243/scale-and-nature-of-precarious-work-in-the-UK.pdf.Google Scholar
Premji, S. (2017). Precarious employment and difficult daily commutes. Industrial Relations, 72(1), 7798.Google Scholar
Republic of Turkey Directorate General of Migration Management. (2021). Law on foreigners and international protection. Retrieved from https://en.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/en.goc/Ingilizce-kanun/Law-on-Foreigners-and-International-Protection.pdf.Google Scholar
Sapkal, R. S. & Sundar, K. R. S. (2017). Determinants Of Precarious Employment In India: An Empirical Analysis. Kalleberg, A.L. and Vallas, S.P. (Ed.) Precarious Work (Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 31), Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 335361. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320170000031011.Google Scholar
Şenses, N. (2016). Rethinking Migration in the Context of Precarity: The Case of Turkey. Critical Sociology, Vol(), 975987.Google Scholar
Standing, G. (2011). The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Thompson, P., Newsome, K. & Commander, J. (2013). “Good when they want to be”: migrant workers in the supermarket supply chain. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(2), 129143.Google Scholar
Tiryaki, S. (2022). Türk Basınında Göçmen, Sığınmacı ve Mülteci Haberleri Üzerine Bir I˙nceleme. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15, 124156. DOI: 10.46250/kulturder.1188891.Google Scholar
Toksöz, G., Erdoğdu, S. & Kaşka, . (2012) Irregular Labour Migration in Turkey and Situation of Migrant Workers in the Labour Market. Ankara: International Organisation for Migration.Google Scholar
Triantafyllidou, A. & Marchetti, S. (2015). Employers, Agencies and Immigration: Paying for Care. Farnham: AshgateGoogle Scholar
UNDP. (2020). Charting pathways out of multidimensional poverty: Achieving the SDGs. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2020_mpi_report_en.pdf.Google Scholar
The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR). (2019, October). UNHCR Turkey – Fact Sheet October 2019. https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/unhcr-turkey-fact-sheet-october-2019Google Scholar
UNHCR. (2020). Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Turkey. Retrieved from www.unhcr.org/tr/en/refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-turkey.Google Scholar
Valentine, R. (2010). Hope Costs Nothing: The Lives of Undocumented Migrants in the UK. London: Migrants Resource Centre and Barrow Cadbury Trust.Google Scholar
Vassilopoulou, J. and Ozbilgin, M. (2018). Relational Methods in Organization Studies: a critical overview, in Ciesielska, M. and Jemielniak, D. (eds.) Qualitative Research in Organization Studies: New Approaches, Methods and Possibilities. Volume 2: Methods and Possibilities. Palgrave., II. pp. 151179. ISBN 13: 9783319654416.Google Scholar
Vasudevan, A. (2015). The makeshift city: Towards a global geography of squatting. Progress in Human Geography, 39(3), 338259.Google Scholar
Vij, R. (2019) The global subject of precarity, Globalizations, 16(4), 506524.Google Scholar
Vosko, L., MacDonald, M. & Campbell, I. (2009). Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Vosko, L. F. (2010). Managing the Margins: Gender, Citizenship and the International Regulation of Precarious Employment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Waite, L. (2009). A place and space for a critical geo-graphy of precarity? Geography Compass 3(1), 412433.Google Scholar
Waite, L. & Lewis, H. (2017). Precarious Irregular Migrants and Their Sharing Economies: A Spectrum of Transactional Laboring Experiences. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(4), 964978. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1270188.Google Scholar
Wang, B. (2020). Time in migration: temporariness, precarity and temporal labour amongst Chinese scholars returning from the Global North to South. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(11), 21272144.Google Scholar
Weil, D. (2018). Creating a Strategic Enforcement Approach to Address Wage Theft: One Academic’s Journey in Organizational Change. Journal of Industrial Relations, 60 (3), 437460. doi:10.1177/0022185618765551.Google Scholar
Wright, C. F. & Clibborn, S. (2019). Migrant labour and low-quality work: a persistent relationship. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(2), 157175.Google Scholar
Zhang, H., Nardon, L. & Sears, G. J. (2021). Migrant workers in precarious employment. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-01-2021-0018.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×