Slovin, M, Falagario-Wasserman, J. Special needs of anxious and phobic dental patients. Dent Clin North Am 2009; 53: 207–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gale, E. Fears of the dental situation. J Dent Res 1972; 51: 964–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

American Association of Endodontists. How to ease fear of the dentist. www.aae.org/uploadedFiles/News_Room/Press_Releases/RCAW09_MAT.pdf (accessed June 2011).Google Scholar

Malamed, SF. Sedation: A Guide to Patient Management, 5th edn. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 2009.Google Scholar

Rubin, J, Slovin, M, Kaplan, A. Assessing patients’ fears: recognizing and reacting to signs of anxiety. Dent Clin North Am 1986; 1: 14–18.Google Scholar

Weaver, JM. Two notable pioneers in conscious sedation pass their gifts of pain-free dentistry to another generation. Anesth Prog 2000; 47: 27–8.Google ScholarPubMed

American Dental Association (ADA). Guidelines for the Use of Sedation and General Anesthesia by Dentists. Chicago, IL: ADA, 2012. www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/About%20the%20ADA/Files/anesthesia_use_guidelines.pdf?la=en (accessed June 2016).Google Scholar

Glassman, P, Caputo, A, Dougherty, N, et al. Special Care Dentistry Association consensus statement on sedation, anesthesia, and alternative techniques for people with special needs. Spec Care Dentist 2009; 29: 2–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

American Dental Association (ADA). Guidelines for Teaching Pain Control and Sedation to Dentists and Dental Students. Chicago, IL: ADA, 2012. www.ada.org/sections/about/pdfs/anxiety_guidelines.pdf (accessed June 2011).Google Scholar

American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Coté, CJ, Wilson, S; Work Group on Sedation. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 2587–602. www.aapd.org/media/Policies_Guidelines/G_Sedation.pdf (accessed June 2011).Google Scholar

American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS). Statement by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons concerning the management of selected clinical conditions and associated clinical procedures: the control of pain and anxiety. Rosemont, IL: AAOMS, 2013. www.aaoms.org/docs/practice_mgmt/condition_statements/control_of_pain_and_anxiety.pdf (accessed June 2011).Google Scholar

American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS). Anesthesia in outpatient facilities. In AAOMS Parameters of Care: Clinical Practice Guidelines, 5th edn (AAOMS ParCare 07). 55.PC07-CD. Rosemont, IL: AAOMS, 2012.Google Scholar

Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia. Committee of origin: Quality Management and Departmental Administration (approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999, and last amended on October 15, 2014). Available online at www.asahq.org/For-Healthcare-Professionals/Standards-Guidelines-and-Statements.aspxGoogle Scholar

Hall, DL, Tatakis, DN, Walters, JD, Rezvan, E. Oral clonidine pre-treatment and diazepam/meperidine sedation. J Dent Res 2006; 85: 854–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fazi, L. A comparison of oral clonidine and oral midazolam as preanesthetic medications in the pediatric tonsillectomy patient. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 56–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wright, PMC, Carabine, UA, McClune, S, Orr, DA, Moore, J. Preanesthetic medication with clonidine. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65: 628–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carabine, UA, Wright, PMC, Moore, J. Preanesthetic medication with clonidine: a dose–response study. Br J Anaesth 1991; 67: 79–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Segal, IS, Jarvis, DJ, Duncan, SR, White, PF, Maze, M. Clinical efficacy of oral transdermal clonidine combinations during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 220–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Treasure, T, Bennett, J. Office-based anesthesia. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am 2007; 19: 45–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boynes, SG, Lewis, CL, Moore, PA, Zovko, J, Close, J. Complications associated with anesthesia administered for dental treatment. Gen Dent 2010; 58: e20–5.Google ScholarPubMed

D’Eramo, EM. Mortality and morbidity with outpatient anesthesia: the Massachusetts experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57: 531–6.Google ScholarPubMed

Nkansah, PJ, Haas, DA, Saso, MA. Mortality incidence in outpatient anesthesia for dentistry in Ontario. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: 646–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hines, R, Barash, PG, Watrous, G, O’Connor, T. Complications occurring in the postanesthesia care unit: a survey. Anesth Analg 1992; 74: 503–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lunn, JN, Hunter, AR, Scott, DB. Anaesthesia related surgical mortality. Anaesthesia 1983; 83: 1090–6.Google Scholar

Tarrac, SE. A description of intraoperative and post anesthesia complication rates. J Perianesth Nurs 2006; 21: 88–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Green, SA, Saxen MA, Urman RD. A review of scientific literature of interest to office-based anesthesiology practice. Anesth Prog. 2017 Summer; 64(2): 119–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar