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16 - The Evolution and Endocrinology of Human Behavior: a Focus on Sex Differences and Reproduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Peter B. Gray
Edited by
Michael P. Muehlenbein
Michael P. Muehlenbein
Affiliation:
Indiana University, Bloomington
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this chapter is to highlight some of the core concepts and empirical findings concerning the evolution and endocrinology of human behavior. To do this, we first review some basic principles in the evolution and endocrinology of behavior. These principles have been derived from studies with various taxa rather than humans alone. Indeed, nonhuman theoretical and empirical findings have inspired some of the human research, and the research on humans should be viewed in comparative contexts. Next, we investigate a series of examples illustrating empirical research on the evolution and endocrinology of human behavior with a focus on sex differences and reproductive behavior. These examples have been chosen because they illustrate well the relationships between human hormones and behavior and they offer enough data to enable drawing some conclusions. For some of these examples, cross-cultural data are also available, helping show the ways endocrine mechanisms underlie human behavior across variable sociocultural environments.

A comprehensive literature review of human findings, much less nonhuman behavioral endocrinology, would involve a very long book rather than a book chapter. Yet in the course of reviewing some well-documented examples, readers may gain an appreciation for the excitement of this research niche as well as the types of research questions remaining to be addressed. For the unavoidably hooked student or researcher, please see Ellison and Gray (2009), Carter et al. (2005), Adkins-Regan (2005), Nelson (2005), Sapolsky (2004), Becker et al. (2002), and Pfaff et al. (2002) for excellent overviews of hormones and behavior.

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Human Evolutionary Biology , pp. 277 - 292
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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