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P01-258 - Child OCD- Therapeutic Approach. A Case Report
- P. Tsitsi, P. Roboti, N. Voura, K. Papanikolaou, G.F. Angelidis
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E464
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Objective
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions, actions which disrupt everyday functioning, and is frequently recognized in youth. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely recommended as first-line pharmacotherapy.
The aim of this presentation is to demonstrate Escitalopram monotherapy in juvenile with OCD.
Method/materialThe material used comes from the archives of the Child/Adolescent Clinic of the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) of Katerini, Greece.
Discussion/resultsA 9-year-old child was referred to the Child/Adolescent Clinic of the CMHC. The patient presented unwelcome repeated thoughts that induced anxiety symptoms while at the same time he performed several actions (compulsions) to neutralize his obsessions. From his history, a mood disorder episode was described at simultaneously with the onset of OCD. Then, the patient was admitted in a General Hospital (for a month) and was treated with Fluoxetine on and off for several years. Due to relapse of the symptoms, Risperidone was introduced (1mg/day). The scheme was not beneficial enough, so another SSRI (Escitalopram) was initiated while Risperidone was withdrawn gradually. Six months after the initiation of Escitalopram, the patient's situation is stable, the obsessions and compulsions have been restricted and he appears in better mood.
ConclusionsMonotherapy with Escitalopram seems to provide significant levels of symptomatic improvement in cases of OCD in juvenile producing effective results to this young patient.
P03-266 - Rorschach Profile Of Alcohol-Depended Patients Of The Acute Ward, Psychiatric Hospital Of Petra Olympus, Katerini, Greece
- N. Voura, K. Papanikolaou, G.F. Angelidis
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1320
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Objective
Analysis of Rorschach inkblot responses of 22 alcohol-depended patients of the Acute Ward, Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus, Greece.
MaterialThe Acute Ward is a relatively small psychiatric ward that receives both voluntary and involuntary admissions of psychiatric patients of a catchment area of about 1000000 people.
The material used for this study was the Rorschach inkblot responses of 22 alcohol-depended patients (19 males, 3 females) that were hospitalized in the Acute Ward during the first semester of 2009. The test was administered once, 2-5 days after admission and scored according to J.E. Exner's Comprehensive System.
ResultsRorschach profile was similar for most of the cases. 19 out of 22 Rorschach performances (with no significant differences among the sexes) revealed recurrent attempts to elucidate alcoholic ‘signs’ and put forward characteristic alcoholic perceptual style. These patients also produced more responses revealing greater interest in other people, marked though by ambivalence, feelings of aggression and withdrawal or isolation from social interaction. Dependency needs were also exhibited.
ConclusionThe Rorschach inkblot test is a psychological projective test of personality in which subjects’ interpretations of 10 standard abstract designs are analyzed as a measure of emotional and intellectual functioning and integration. It gets into the deepest recesses of patients’ psyche or subconscious mind. In the case of these alcohol-depended patients displayed specific problems of personality structure comprising a concrete Rorschach profile.
P01-257 - Selective Mutism: Comparing Case Reports of two 6-year-old Children
- P. Tsitsi, P. Roboti, N. Voura, K. Papanikolaou, M. Gerodimou, G.F. Angelidis
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E463
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Objective
Selective mutism is a psychiatric disorder characterized by consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other occasions.
AimTo demonstrate different therapeutic approaches: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)/ CBT besides medication.
Methods/materialThe material used comes from the archives of the Child/Adolescent Clinic of the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) of Katerini, Greece.
Discussion/resultsTwo six-year-old children visited the Child/Adolescent Clinic of the CMHC of Katerini. They both presented reluctance to speak at school while interaction in other activities varied between them. Although they were both initially treated with CBT, the severity of symptoms in one case led to the administration of Fluoxetine in addition to CBT. Fluoxetine was initiated at 4 mg/day and gradually titrated to 20 mg/day. Two years later, both cases show clear improvement. The first one treated only with CBT has begun to speak at school, mainly when asked to do so, and appears more willing and comfortable among strangers. The second one shows signs of progress especially after the initiation of Fluoxetine. The patient interacts with strangers, speaks to children out of school and appears in better mood. Despite the progress, she still mutes at school.
ConclusionIn accordance with other international references, this presentation shows that cases of Selective Mutism respond to variant therapeutic approaches. Although CBT can be proved quite effective, Fluoxetine can be used to provide extra benefit.
P01-330-Case report of an adolescent psychotic patient
- G. Koukoulas, N. Voura, K. Papanikolaou, N. Darai, P. Roboti, G.F. Angelidis
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 332
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Introduction
5% of adults with schizophrenia report onset of psychosis before the age of 15. Despite the lack of precise incidence and prevalence rates from childhood or adolescent population-based studies, it is generally agreed that the prevalence of psychotic disorders increases markedly during adolescence.
The aim of this presentation is to demonstrate a case of an adolescent with psychosis and mild mental retardation.
Method/materialThe material used comes from the archives of the Child/Adolescent Clinic of the CMHC.
Discussion/resultsA 12-year-old boy was referred to the Child/Adolescent Clinic. He presented unwelcome repeated actions, (repeated opening/closing his books, allocating/reallocating things, sitting/re-sitting on the chair). He complained about auditory hallucinations (children talking/laughing ‘in his head’). He also presented self-destructive behavior (‘when I am angry I bang my head against the wall’). He was irritable, aggressive towards other children, with impulsive behavior. He had troubles understanding Greek language since he was from Russian origin.
From his history, both his father and grandfather were referred to suffer from mental disorder.
He was administered WISC and Rorschach tests. His intelligence quotient score was below 70 and the Rorschach test confirmed paranoid schizophrenic symptoms. Hospitalization was suggested but immediately rejected by his mother.
Risperidone was initiated (1 mg/day-1,5 mg/day). Soon, the symptoms began to be restricted. He began to be more concentrated, functional and sociable. 2 years after the initiation of risperidone, the patient's situation is stable (0,5 mg/day), appearing better mood.
ConclusionMonotherapy with risperidone seems to provide significant levels of symptomatic improvement in young psychotic patients.
Wandering in Brief Psychotic Disorders: A Case Study
- K. Papanikolaou, L. Stilopoulos, N. Voura
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E1183
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Wandering is a symptom present in a variety of psychiatric disorders.
A case of a patient manifesting wandering in the scope of a brief psychotic disorder is described in this presentation.
A 28-year-old male patient was transferred in the Acute Ward of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus from the emergency ward of the General Hospital of Katerini.
He was exhausted, filthy, and full of scratches, mentioning that while being with his girlfriend in a remote area, they were verbally attacked by strangers. Panicked, he ran away (this being the last thing he could clearly recall). from that point on, he was wandering in the forest disorientated and feeling threatened. He accidentally approached his village and sought for help.
Upon his admission he had a good self, place orientation but he was disorientated in time and couldn't define the time period he had been wandering. (His relatives mentioned that he was missing for three days, confirming the incident he described). He presented persecutory ideas, auditory hallucinations and he was extremely anxious since he strongly believed that his life was in danger.
He was free of psychiatric history, being functional till the day of the incident. His lab results were normal as well as his neurological examination, EEG and brain-CT. the test for substance use was also negative. He received medication with risperidone (3mg/day) and diazepam (15mg/day). Few days upon his admission he was free of symptoms and was dismissed within 10 days with diagnosis: Brief Psychotic Disorder on risperidone (2mg/day).
Quality of life of patients residing in long-term care psychiatric community settings
- M. Stinga, E. Moti, E. Papageorgiou, T. Ioannou, V. Paraskevopoulou, K. Papanikolaou, N. Voura, G.F. Angelidis
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 584
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Introduction
In the context of psychiatric reformation, the long-term mentally ill have moved from institutionalized care to outpatient-based mental health services and community-based rehabilitation settings.
ObjectiveQuality of Life (QoL) constitutes a critical outcome of mental health programs and services and is a multidimensional subjective construct.
AimExploring the perceived QoL of long-term psychiatric residents and, identifying possible associations between sociodemographic variables, psychiatric history, cognitive function (MMSE), physical comorbidity and type of residential care.
Method104 patients residing for over six months, to community based rehabilitation settings subjected to the PHPO (5 sheltered apartments, 7 hostels, 2 boarding houses) were encountered. QoL of participants was assessed using the self-fulfilling, 36 item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) at a given point of time.
ResultsThe majority of the residents expressed good levels of satisfaction in all subscales of the SF-36, with mean values of Physical Component Summary (PCS): 34.90 ± 13.92 (range: 0–50) and Mental Component Summary (MCS): 67.89 ± 20.09 (range: 25-100). Statistical significant differences were recorded concerning the PCS and age (p = 0.000), MMSE scores (p = 0.000), educational level (p = 0.017), marital status (p = 0.049) and type of residential home (p = 0.012). MCS was statistically significant associated with age (p = 0.032), MMSE scores (p = 0.007), socioeconomic status (p = 0.008) and type of residential home, too (p = 0.040). No differences were found concerning psychiatric diagnosis or physical comorbidity.
ConclusionsCommunity care models provide subjective positive life satisfactions to the majority of the chronically mentally ill. Thus, besides the care giver's management, independent variables play an important role to perceived QoL.
Grieving Process in Children and Adults Using Services of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus, Katerini, Greece. Similarities - Differences
- K. Papanikolaou, N. Voura, L. Stilopoulos
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, 24-E668
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Objective:
The demonstration of differences in grieving process between children mourning for the parent and adults grieving for their spouse.
Method:Sub-structured clinical interviews were given to 10 adults and 10 children using the services of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus to evaluate their reactions and grieving process.
Discussion:2 of the evaluated children had outbursts of cries during the sessions. This behavior was the same at home.
8 played the role of the ‘supportive adult’ to the grieving parent, not allowing themselves to express feelings of anger, grief, guilt, and fears. They didn't ask for support, in fear of becoming a burden to the rest of the family.
Their parents noticed changes in sleep patterns, eating habits, and behavior.
One child wasn't well-informed about the loss and didn't fully understand what had happened to the deceased.
As for parents, 8 asked and received medical support and medication,
whilst 2 started consuming alcohol. 6 were avoiding talking to their children and sharing their feelings, whereas 3 mentioned incapability to go on with their life.
Conclusions:Children mourn in a different way from adults. Their grief may not be easily detected.
The proper way of informing the child, the encouragement to the expression of feelings, the living memories of their late parent and the participation in the family grieving process (both for children and adults) are not causes of further stress and anxiety but lead to a better way of resolving the grieving process, offering comfort and relief.
The impact of a tragic accident on mental health professionals
- K. Papanikolaou, N. Voura, N. Darai, G. Koukoulas, P. Roboti, G.F. Angelidis
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 1078
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Objective
To investigate the psychological impact of the tragic accident in Tempi which cost of 21 students’ life (2003), on mental health professionals (MHP).
MaterialBDI and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) scores of PHPO MHP (psychiatrists/child-psychiatrist/psychologies/social workers) who offered support to victims’families/teachers/rest of the students.
Method/resultsThe personnel were deployed to the area exposed to witnessing experiences/impressions of the accident. Participants responded to BDI 10 days and IES-R 9–10 months past-accident. There was an IES-R retest 7 years later. The response rate was 100%. All achieved mild depression scores. As for IES-R, common qualities of conscious experience were found among them, though with different personality styles. Two major response sets, intrusion (unbidden thoughts/troubled dreams/waves of feelings/repetitive behavior) and avoidance (denial of the meanings of the event/behavioral inhibition/counterphobic activity/emotional numbness) were abstracted from evaluation.
No sex differences were mentioned as there was only one male in the group.
A correlation of 0.42 (p > 0.0002) between intrusion and avoidance subscale scores indicated that the two subsets were associated, though not measuring identical dimensions.
7 years later the mean score of the personnel on IES-R was 23: Impact Event: may be affected. All achieved a quite high score on the response ‘any reminder brought back feelings about it’.
ConclusionMHP face additional emotional strain often over extended periods of time. There is a need to develop strategies such as insight oriented training. Research is imperative and an ethical requirement to find ways to protect the health of the carers and so their patients.
Are greeks SAD?
- N. Darai, N. Voura, K. Papanikolaou, G. Koukoulas, G. Angelidis
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
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- 16 April 2020, p. 674
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Introduction
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is thought to be related to a lack of serotonin, or according to other theories, the primary cause is melatonin produced in the pineal gland, since there are direct connections between the retina and the pineal gland.
ObjectiveTo demonstrate cases of SAD treated in the CMHC of Katerini(northern Greece), in 2009.
MaterialArchives of the adult-clinic of the CMHC in 2009.
Method/resultsThe CMHC accepted 3294 people (1517:males/1777:females) in 2009. 280 were diagnosed with depression (48:males/232:females). 96 were newcomers (22: males/74:females) seeking for session the fall-spring period, complaining about mood swings as daylight hours began to dwindle.
In September: 72 depression cases were reported (63:women/9:men). In December: 92 (73:women/19:men). The references were amazingly high: 84 (71:females/13:males) in March. More than ¾ of all sufferers were women,most in their 40s, correlating with international literature. The majority complained about decreased levels of energy/difficulty concentrating/fatigue/increased desire to be alone/increased need for sleep (unlike typical depression). They also mentioned interference with their relationships and work productivity. 1/3 of them received antidepressant medication, whereas Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) was applied to the total of them. Although light therapy is widely recommended, there aren’t the means to be applied in the CMHC.
ConclusionThough SAD is prevalent in most of the Nordic countries and mid-latitude places, our patients followed the SAD pattern with an onset of depressive symptoms in the fall, continuation of symptoms throughout winter and remission of them in the spring according to other international references.
P-1035 - Long-term Psychological Effects of a Wildfire Disaster in Greece
- D. Adamis, V. Papanikolaou, R.C. Mellon, G. Prodromitis, K. Tyrovola, J. Kyriopoulos
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 27 / Issue S1 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Research across a range of disaster types has identified that psychological disturbances are common in the aftermath. The consequences of these disturbances can be long lasting.
ObjectivesThis study assessed the long-term mental health effects of a wildfire disaster which happen in a rural area of Greece in 2007.
Aimsa) to assess the course of psychopathology associated with the disaster, b) to evaluate if there are differences in psychological distress between victims and controls 3 years after the disaster.
MethodsThe population for this cross-sectional study was a random sample of adult population (18–65 years old) of victims and controls who had been assessed 2½ years before. The measured variables were: a) demographics b) Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R).
Results530 participants (301 victims and 229 controls). Attrition rate: 13.8%. Psychological distress was significantly (p < 0.05) lower 3 years after the disaster compared to initial assessments. However, victims of the wildfires still had more distress compared to controls. Similarly, the number of caseness (as it is defined by the SCL-90-R) was significantly higher in the victims’ group compared to controls’. In contrast, there was a significant reduction of the rates of caseness in both victims and controls compared to initial assessments.
ConclusionsMost psychological problems decreased from the initial (6 months after the disaster) to the second survey (3 years after) among affected from the wildfires participants. Although their psychological problems decreased, victims still had more psychological problems (e.g. anxiety, somatisation, phobias) than the participants in the control group.
Protein ingestion preserves proteasome activity during intense aseptic inflammation and facilitates skeletal muscle recovery in humans
- Dimitrios Draganidis, Niki Chondrogianni, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou, Gerasimos Terzis, Leonidas G. Karagounis, Apostolos Sovatzidis, Alexandra Avloniti, Maria Lefaki, Maria Protopapa, Chariklia K. Deli, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Ioannis G. Fatouros
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 118 / Issue 3 / 14 August 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 August 2017, pp. 189-200
- Print publication:
- 14 August 2017
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The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the main cellular proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of normal and abnormal (e.g. oxidised) proteins. Under catabolic conditions characterised by chronic inflammation, the UPS is activated resulting in proteolysis, muscle wasting and impaired muscle function. Milk proteins provide sulphur-containing amino acid and have been proposed to affect muscle inflammation. However, the response of the UPS to aseptic inflammation and protein supplementation is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate how milk protein supplementation affects UPS activity and skeletal muscle function under conditions of aseptic injury induced by intense, eccentric exercise. In a double-blind, cross-over, repeated measures design, eleven men received either placebo (PLA) or milk protein concentrate (PRO, 4×20 g on exercise day and 20 g/d for the following 8 days), following an acute bout of eccentric exercise (twenty sets of fifteen eccentric contractions at 30°/s) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In each trial, muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle at baseline, as well as at 2 and 8 d post exercise, whereas blood samples were collected before exercise and at 6 h, 1 d, 2 d and 8 d post exercise. Muscle strength and soreness were assessed before exercise, 6 h post exercise and then daily for 8 consecutive days. PRO preserved chymotrypsin-like activity and attenuated the decrease of strength, facilitating its recovery. PRO also prevented the increase of NF-κB phosphorylation and HSP70 expression throughout recovery. We conclude that milk PRO supplementation following exercise-induced muscle trauma preserves proteasome activity and attenuates strength decline during the pro-inflammatory phase.
Clinical survey for registering treatment decision criteria in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer radiotherapy and determination of the dose–response relationship for 1-year survival
- Ioanna Chalimou, Helena Lind, Georgios C. Sakellaropoulos, Bengt K. Lind, Nikos Papanikolaou, Georgios C. Nikiforidis, Panayiotis Mavroidis
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- Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice / Volume 13 / Issue 1 / March 2014
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- 22 April 2013, pp. 18-28
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Purpose
Recent studies have suggested significant variations in radiotherapy schedules used to treat advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both between different centers in one country as well as between countries. In this study, different treatment methodologies have been explored using management plans proposed by radiation oncologists regarding general questions and theoretical case histories for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Materials and methodsThe survey was conducted by sending a questionnaire to 24 radiotherapy centers in Europe. The questionnaire was composed of two sections. The first section concerned reasons for giving radiotherapy, parameters that influence the choice of total dose and fractionation for radiotherapy and kind of equipment used. The second section concerned the management of five theoretical patients (A–E) regarding the selection of the radiotherapy technique and the aim of treatment (radical or palliative). Furthermore, 19 trials comparing different regimens of palliative radiotherapy in patients with NSCLC were reviewed. There were marked differences in the doses of the investigated radiotherapy schemes, the patient characteristics and the assessed outcome measures.
Results70% of the responders answered that the most important factors for deciding what dose and fractionation scheme to use were: metastases, performance status (PS) of the patient, lung function and size of the primary tumour. The most common reasons for giving the treatment were symptom relief, prolongation of life and, in some cases, possibly cure. More than 95% of the responders stated that they would give radiotherapy in each of these cases. The total doses proposed where 20 Gy in five fractions or 30 Gy in ten fractions in 2 weeks for the cases A and D. If the previous two schemes were converted to a fractionation scheme delivering 2 Gy per fraction, the equivalent doses would be 23 and 33 Gy, respectively. For the cases B, C and E, the proposed fractionation schemes were 2 Gy daily to 60–68 Gy in 6 weeks or 2 Gy daily to 68 Gy in 7 weeks. For the case E, 20% of the responders suggested Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) giving 21 Gy three times a week with a day apart to 63 Gy. The total dose and number of fractions of radiotherapy are related to the perceived aims and expectations of treatment. Those aiming at extending life would give significantly higher total doses in a larger number of fractions, whereas those aiming at relieving symptoms would give significantly lower total doses. There is evidence for an increase in survival, in patients who are given higher radiotherapy doses, especially in those patients with better PS.
ConclusionsThis survey demonstrates a range of treatment strategies for advanced and inoperable NSCLC within Europe. There are a number of factors that influence the perceived aims of treatment and treatment planning. These factors should be taken into account when evaluating the effectiveness of different irradiation techniques, especially in the determination of radiobiological parameters and dose–response relations. The majority of patients should be treated with short courses of palliative radiotherapy, of one or two fractions. The use of high-dose palliative regimens using many fractions or SBRT should be considered for selected patients with good PS.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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The Synthesis and Characterization of Energy-Conducting Polymers with Pendant Inorganic Chromophores
- James H. Alstrum-Acevedo, Joseph M. DeSimone, C. K. Schauer, John M. Papanikolas
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 847 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, EE8.10
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- 2004
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We are interested in the synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of functional nanoscale materials comprised of a polymeric scaffold with appended cationic transition-metal lumiphores. We have developed a methodology to prepare, spectroscopically characterize, and evaluate a series of organic copolymers functionalized with inorganic chromophores. Preparation of these hybrid systems first involves the synthesis of a linear AB diblock copolymeric scaffold in which A is polystyrene (PS) and B is poly(p-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PStBOC), using Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain-Transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. The PStBOC block (B) was converted into poly(4-hydroxystyrene) by acid hydrolysis of the t-BOC moieties, and Ru(II) trisbipyridyl complexes were covalently appended using standard ester coupling reagents. These lumiphores were selected due to their strong absorbance in the visible spectrum, chemical/photochemical stability, useful redox properties, and long-lived excited state lifetimes. Attachment of the cationic transition-metal chromophores to block B of these linear AB diblock copolymeric arrays is expected to promote solid-state self-assembly into nanoscale structures. The metal-loaded macromolecular assemblies were characterized spectroscopically and the determination of the solid-state morphology of films of these materials was investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON THE YIELDS, TREE AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANDARIN CULTIVAR ‘CLEMENTINE’ ON THE ISLAND OF RHODES
- K. Tsakelidou, X. Papanikolaou, E. Protopapadakis
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- Journal:
- Experimental Agriculture / Volume 38 / Issue 3 / July 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 June 2002, pp. 351-358
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The effects of ten rootstocks on tree development, leaf nutrient levels, fruit internal quality and yield were studied. Plantings of the mandarin cultivar ‘clementine’ were established at the Agricultural Research Station of Rhodes on the rootstocks Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer and Carrizo citranges, rough lemon, Palestine sweet lime, Volkameriana, Citrus macrophylla, Rangpur lime and C. moi with sour orange as a standard for comparison. Data indicated that rootstocks significantly influenced tree development and fruit quality characteristics as well as foliar nutrient concentrations. The largest trees were on Volkameriana and the smallest on the two citranges. In terms of trunk cross-sectional area, the most vigorous trees were on C. moi and the least on Palestine sweet lime and the two citranges. Cleopatra mandarin, the two citranges, and Palestine sweet lime showed a tendency to biennial bearing. The highest cumulative yield of clementine trees was on C. macrophylla and Volkameriana and the lowest on Troyer and Carrizo citrange. C. macrophylla and Volkameriana produced the most efficient trees with the largest and heaviest thin-skinned almost seedless fruit. Fruit on C. macrophylla produced the highest juice content but also the lowest concentration of total soluble solids. Differences were observed in leaf nutrient contents between the rootstocks. These trials showed that C. macrophylla and Volkameriana could be used successfully as alternatives rootstocks to sour orange.
Variable Expression of the Autism Broader Phenotype: Findings from Extended Pedigrees
- A. Pickles, E. Starr, S. Kazak, P. Bolton, K. Papanikolaou, A. Bailey, R. Goodman, M. Rutter
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines / Volume 41 / Issue 4 / May 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 2000, pp. 491-502
- Print publication:
- May 2000
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Factors influencing the rate, form, and severity of phenotypic expression among relatives of autistic probands are examined. Family history data on 3095 first- and second-degree relatives and cousins from 149 families with a child with autism and 36 families with a child with Down syndrome are studied. The results provide further evidence of an increased risk among autism relatives for the broadly defined autism phenotype. Of proband characteristics, severity of autism and obstetric optimality were confirmed as being related to familial loading for probands with speech. There was little variation in loading among probands lacking speech. The type of phenotypic profile reported in relatives appeared little influenced by characteristics of the relative or the proband, except for variation by degree of relative, parental status of relative, and perhaps proband's birth optimality score. Phenotypic rates among parents suggested reduced fitness for the severest and more communication-related forms of expression but not for the more mild and social forms of expression. Patterns of expression within the families did not support a simple X-linked nor an imprinted X-linked mode of inheritance. The basis for sex differences in rates of expression is discussed.