20 results
Deep neural networks are not a single hypothesis but a language for expressing computational hypotheses
- Tal Golan, JohnMark Taylor, Heiko Schütt, Benjamin Peters, Rowan P. Sommers, Katja Seeliger, Adrien Doerig, Paul Linton, Talia Konkle, Marcel van Gerven, Konrad Kording, Blake Richards, Tim C. Kietzmann, Grace W. Lindsay, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
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- Journal:
- Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 46 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 December 2023, e392
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An ideal vision model accounts for behavior and neurophysiology in both naturalistic conditions and designed lab experiments. Unlike psychological theories, artificial neural networks (ANNs) actually perform visual tasks and generate testable predictions for arbitrary inputs. These advantages enable ANNs to engage the entire spectrum of the evidence. Failures of particular models drive progress in a vibrant ANN research program of human vision.
Antibiotic postprescribing modification opportunities among nursing home residents treated for urinary tract infection
- Madeline C. Langenstroer, Sally Jolles, Tamanna Hossin, Anna Nora, Mozhdeh Bahrainian, Christopher Crnich, Lindsay Taylor
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 44 / Issue 6 / June 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 August 2022, pp. 875-880
- Print publication:
- June 2023
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Objective:
To characterize opportunities to postprescriptively modify antibiotic prescriptions initiated for treatment of suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in nursing homes.
Design:Cross-sectional cohort study.
Methods:Data from the health records of residents treated for UTI between 2013 and 2014 in 5 Wisconsin nursing homes were abstracted using a structured approach. Explicit definitions were used to identify whether the prescribed antibiotic could have been stopped, shortened, or changed to a nonfluoroquinolone alternative. Antibiotic treatments appropriately modified by study nursing home providers in real time were not considered modifiable. Identification of >1 potential modification opportunity (eg, stop and shorten) per antibiotic treatment event was permitted.
Results:In total, 356 eligible antibiotic treatment courses among 249 unique residents were identified. Only 59 antibiotic courses prescribed for treatment of suspected UTI (16.6%) were not amenable to any modification. Discontinuation of treatment due to lack of signs or symptoms of infection was the most frequently identified potential modification opportunity (66.2%). Although less common, substantial numbers of antibiotic treatment courses were potentially amenable to shortening (34%) or agent change (19%) modifications. If applied in concert at 72 hours after antibiotic initiation, stop and shorten modifications could eradicate up to 1,326 avoidable antibiotic days, and change modifications could remove a 32 remaining avoidable fluoroquinolone days.
Conclusions:Substantial opportunity exists to enhance the quality of antibiotic prescribing for treatment of suspected UTI in nursing homes through postprescriptive review interventions. Additional studies examining how to best design and implement postprescriptive review interventions in nursing homes are needed.
Longitudinal survey of antibiotic stewardship practices in Wisconsin nursing homes, before and after a policy change
- Alissa E. Balke, Victoria L. Griffin, Diane Dohm, Brenda J. Ryther, Linda L. McKinley, Raymond P. Podzorski, Anna M. Marciniak, Christopher J. Crnich, Lindsay N. Taylor
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 March 2022, e42
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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid mandated that nursing homes implement antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) by November 2017. We conducted surveys of Wisconsin nursing-home stewardship practices before and after this mandate. Our comparison of these surveys shows an overall increase in ASP implementation efforts, but it also highlights areas for further improvement.
8 - Mental healthcare for children and adolescents
- from Part C - Nursing children and young people
- Edited by Jennifer Fraser, University of Sydney, Donna Waters, University of Sydney, Elizabeth Forster, Griffith University, Queensland, Nicola Brown
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- Book:
- Paediatric Nursing in Australia and New Zealand
- Published online:
- 05 January 2022
- Print publication:
- 05 January 2022, pp 193-218
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Summary
The focus of this chapter is the role of the nurse in optimising child and youth mental health. An overview of mental disorders experienced during childhood and adolescence is followed by a discussion of mental health promotion for children and young people. Although the lifetime prevalence of eating disorders is very low, they are common, and nurses play an important role in the care of those affected children and young people admitted to hospital for treatment. The chapter looks specifically at how nurses can help support children and young people with eating disorders, and also considers the effects of digital technologies on the mental health of young people growing up in today's society. The importance of working closely with the parents and families of children and young people disabled by mental illness and the services available to them is emphasised throughout the chapter.
Development and preliminary evaluation of EMPOWER for surrogate decision-makers of critically ill patients
- Wendy G. Lichtenthal, Martin Viola, Madeline Rogers, Kailey E. Roberts, Lindsay Lief, Christopher E. Cox, Chris R. Brewin, Jiehui Cici Xu, Paul K. Maciejewski, Cynthia X. Pan, Taylor Coats, Daniel J. Ouyang, Shayna Rabin, Susan C. Vaughan, William Breitbart, Marjorie E. Marenberg, Holly G. Prigerson
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 July 2021, pp. 167-177
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Objective
The objectives of this study were to develop and refine EMPOWER (Enhancing and Mobilizing the POtential for Wellness and Resilience), a brief manualized cognitive-behavioral, acceptance-based intervention for surrogate decision-makers of critically ill patients and to evaluate its preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and promise in improving surrogates’ mental health and patient outcomes.
MethodPart 1 involved obtaining qualitative stakeholder feedback from 5 bereaved surrogates and 10 critical care and mental health clinicians. Stakeholders were provided with the manual and prompted for feedback on its content, format, and language. Feedback was organized and incorporated into the manual, which was then re-circulated until consensus. In Part 2, surrogates of critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) reporting moderate anxiety or close attachment were enrolled in an open trial of EMPOWER. Surrogates completed six, 15–20 min modules, totaling 1.5–2 h. Surrogates were administered measures of peritraumatic distress, experiential avoidance, prolonged grief, distress tolerance, anxiety, and depression at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 1-month and 3-month follow-up assessments.
ResultsPart 1 resulted in changes to the EMPOWER manual, including reducing jargon, improving navigability, making EMPOWER applicable for a range of illness scenarios, rearranging the modules, and adding further instructions and psychoeducation. Part 2 findings suggested that EMPOWER is feasible, with 100% of participants completing all modules. The acceptability of EMPOWER appeared strong, with high ratings of effectiveness and helpfulness (M = 8/10). Results showed immediate post-intervention improvements in anxiety (d = −0.41), peritraumatic distress (d = −0.24), and experiential avoidance (d = −0.23). At the 3-month follow-up assessments, surrogates exhibited improvements in prolonged grief symptoms (d = −0.94), depression (d = −0.23), anxiety (d = −0.29), and experiential avoidance (d = −0.30).
Significance of resultsPreliminary data suggest that EMPOWER is feasible, acceptable, and associated with notable improvements in psychological symptoms among surrogates. Future research should examine EMPOWER with a larger sample in a randomized controlled trial.
Comparison of criteria for determining appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in nursing homes
- Daniela Uribe-Cano, Mozhdeh Bahranian, Sally A. Jolles, Lindsay N. Taylor, Jill J. Miller, Sowmya N. Adibhatla, Christopher J. Crnich
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 43 / Issue 7 / July 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 June 2021, pp. 860-863
- Print publication:
- July 2022
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Background:
Measuring the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in nursing homes remains a challenge. The revised McGeer criteria, which are widely used to conduct infection surveillance in nursing homes, were not designed to assess antibiotic appropriateness. The Loeb criteria were explicitly designed for this purpose but are infrequently used outside investigational studies. The extent to which the revised McGeer and Loeb criteria overlap and can be used interchangeably for tracking antibiotic appropriateness in nursing homes remains insufficiently studied.
Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional chart review study in 5 Wisconsin nursing homes and applied the revised McGeer and Loeb criteria to all nursing home–initiated antibiotic treatment courses. Kappa (κ) statistics were employed to assess level of agreement overall and by treatment indications.
Results:Overall, 734 eligible antibiotic courses were initiated in participating nursing homes during the study period. Of 734 antibiotic courses, 372 (51%) satisfied the Loeb criteria, while only 211 (29%) of 734 satisfied the revised McGeer criteria. Only 169 (23%) of 734 antibiotic courses satisfied both criteria, and the overall level of agreement between them was fair (κ = 0.35). When stratified by infection type, levels of agreement between the revised McGeer and Loeb criteria were moderate for urinary tract infections (κ = 0.45), fair for skin and soft-tissue infections (0.36), and slight for respiratory tract infections (0.17).
Conclusions:Agreement between the revised McGeer and Loeb criteria is limited, and nursing homes should employ the revised McGeer and Loeb criteria for their intended purposes. Studies to establish the best method for ongoing monitoring of antibiotic appropriateness in nursing homes are needed.
Feasibility of Developing Traditional Facility-Specific Nursing Home Antibiograms
- Lindsay Taylor, Michael Howe, Fauzia Osman, Christopher Crnich
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, p. s234
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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Background: An antibiogram is a tool for tracking and reporting antimicrobial resistance; the CDC has endorsed as part of a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program in nursing homes. We have previously shown that antibiogram utilization has increased in nursing homes, but most facilities employ tools that are not based on facility-specific data. In this study, we investigate the feasibility to develop antibiograms using facility-specific data and compare these results with antibiograms developed using data from multiple facilities that share the same lab and geographic region. Methods: Raw, de-identified culture results from January 1 through December 31st, 2018 were collected from participating nursing homes and their consulting microbiology laboratories under an IRB-exempt protocol. Culture results were entered and stored in REDCap. Number of isolates per species was examined based on nursing home, nursing home laboratory network, and region. Percentage sensitivities of the most frequently isolated species to commonly used antibiotics were calculated at the nursing home and regional level and compared. T tests of the absolute difference between nursing home- and regional level percentage sensitivities were performed. All data analyses were performed in R software. Results: The mean annual cultures per nursing home was 23.5 (SE, ±3.29). Grouping cultures by lab and region increased the mean culture count 6-fold and 12-fold, respectively. The most commonly isolated species were Escherichia coli (29.7%), Enterococcus spp (11.6%), Proteus spp (10%), Klebsiella spp (8.5%). None of the nursing homes had >30 isolates of a single species (Fig. 1). Escherichia coli was the only species that exceeded the 30-isolate threshold when aggregated at the laboratory network level (Fig. 2). Grouping nursing home cultures by region provided the greatest average isolate count across the most common species. The greatest differences in percentage sensitivity between nursing homes and their region were noted for Escherichia coli and Proteus spp to fluoroquinolones (>20% difference; P < .01). The difference in sensitivity was <5% for Escherichia coli to nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: Nursing homes do not generate enough annual isolates to create antibiograms compliant with Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Grouping isolates from multiple nursing homes at the regional level does reliably exceed the 30-isolate threshold for multiple bacterial species but leads to susceptibility estimates that may vary substantially from those observed at the facility level. Alternative tools for tracking antibiotic resistance and guiding antibiotic prescribing decisions at the local level are needed.
Funding: None
Disclosures: None
OP80 Impact Of Patient Group Participation At Scottish Medicines Consortium Committee Meetings
- Jennifer Dickson, Lindsay Lockhart, Louise Taylor, Jackie McCormack, Laura Walker
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 35 / Issue S1 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 December 2019, p. 20
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Introduction
The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) encourages patient group (PG) representatives to participate in the decision-making committee meetings, answering questions from committee members and providing points of clarity throughout discussions if required. In a continuous improvement approach the process and the participant experience is continually evaluated to monitor impact and emerging themes.
MethodsThe interactions between committee members and PG representatives are recorded in writing by the public involvement team to monitor the questions or points of clarity raised. These interactions were analyzed using thematic analysis to look for emerging themes. Following the meeting, PG representatives are invited to complete an online survey on their experience of working with SMC.
ResultsFrom July 2017 to October 2018, 36 PG representatives have attended committee meetings for the discussion of their submission. Committee members asked 17 PG representatives to contribute. Key themes that have emerged to date include insight into the impact of living with the condition on quality of life and how a new medicine may affect this. Survey feedback has been positive with participants reporting that patient engagement has been strengthened, and that the patient voice is heard, valued and supports committee members in making fully informed decisions. PG representatives expressed a willingness to participate again. Feedback also highlighted that the preparatory support offered to PG representatives by the public involvement team is highly valued.
ConclusionsPatient group participation in committee meetings has been received positively by PG representatives. They report that discussions relating to quality of life impact of medicines on patients and carers better reflect the lived experience, enriching committee's deliberations. This demonstrates SMCs commitment to openness and transparency and has strengthened patient engagement in our processes.
OP79 Improving Public Understanding Of Scottish Medicines Consortium Advice
- Jennifer Dickson, Louise Taylor, Jackie McCormack, Noreen Downes, Lindsay Lockhart, Laura Walker
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 35 / Issue S1 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 December 2019, p. 20
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Introduction
Transparency of processes and decision making is important to the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC). An independent review of access to new medicines in Scotland in 2016 recommended that SMC should review its communication of decisions with a view to achieving greater transparency. SMC therefore began to develop plain English summaries of advice on each new medicine.
MethodsA multi-stakeholder approach was adopted to develop the summary documents, with patient groups involved. Firstly, a review of communications for the public from other HTA organizations was conducted. The public involvement team then held a workshop to find out what patient groups felt would be important to include when explaining SMC decisions to patients and the public. The process was also informed by reviewing examples of good practice from other parts of NHSScotland, including patient versions of Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) clinical guidelines. Exemplar documents were then developed and feedback sought from the Public Involvement Network Advisory Group.
ResultsA format was developed for the SMC ‘Decision Explained’ summaries consisting of a question and answer format for each medicine decision in a two page document. The summaries were piloted internally over a six month period, during which the development process and layout were finalized. Since September 2018 these summaries have been published on the website alongside the technical advice.
ConclusionsPartnership working between SMC and patient groups has helped to develop a new way of communicating SMC's decisions to patients and the public in a clear way, helping to improve transparency and understanding. Evaluation of the summaries will be undertaken from six months of publication.
A missing perspective: Considering survivors in sexual misconduct training
- Lindsay Y. Dhanani, Ryan C. Johnson, Cassandra E. Colton, Taylor K. Hall
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- Journal:
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 12 / Issue 1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2019, pp. 25-29
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7 - Mental health and illness in childhood and adolescence
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- By Jennifer Fraser, University of Sydney, Lindsay Smith, University of Tasmania, Julia Taylor, University of Tasmania
- Jennifer Fraser, University of Sydney, Donna Waters, University of Sydney, Elizabeth Forster, University of Southern Queensland, Nicola Brown
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- Book:
- Paediatric Nursing in Australia
- Published online:
- 21 June 2018
- Print publication:
- 18 May 2017, pp 130-153
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Summary
Learning objectives
In this chapter you will:
• Be introduced to the concept of determinants of child and adolescent mental health
• Gain an understanding of mental disorders and mental health problems experienced in childhood and adolescence
• Become familiar with the importance of positive relationships, experiences and environments to developing adaptive responses to stress and change in children and young people
• Understand that mental disorder in childhood is a dimensional phenomenon
• Learn nursing skills that help promote good mental health and enhance resilience in children and young people
Introduction
The focus of this chapter is the role of the nurse in optimising child and youth mental health. An overview of mental disorders experienced during childhood and adolescence is followed by a discussion of mental health promotion for children and young people. In this edition, we have included a section on eating disorders. Although the lifetime prevalence of these disorders is very low, they are common, and nurses play an important role in the care of those affected children and young people admitted to hospital for treatment. The importance of working closely with the parents and families of children and young people disabled by mental illness and the services available to them is emphasised throughout the chapter.
The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) published the first national survey of child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing in Australia in 1998. The second survey was published in 2015 (Lawrence et al., 2015); it includes data on the use of mental health services by children, young people and their families. This national survey of mental health and wellbeing provides valuable information on the prevalence of child and youth mental disorders in Australia. The AIHW also publishes a list of services that exist for people living with a mental disorder and makes recommendations for services that are needed. The latest survey indicates that while the prevalence of mental health disorders for children and young people remained stable between 1998 and 2015, there was a significant increase in the use of mental health services for 4–17-year-old Australians.
Chapter 19 - Offending behavior
- from Section 4 - Special topics
- Edited by Colin Hemmings, Nick Bouras, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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- Book:
- Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
- Published online:
- 05 March 2016
- Print publication:
- 03 March 2016, pp 207-223
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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2.7 - Intellectual disabilities and offending
- from Part II - Assessments
- Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
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- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
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- 29 April 2010, pp 195-201
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Summary
Historically, intellectual disability (ID) has been viewed as a key determinant of offending behaviour. The evidence supporting a relationship between offending and intellectual functioning (IQ) in the general population is solid. Follow-up studies of offenders with ID have reported recidivism rates of up to 72%. The evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for offending by people with ID is limited but has been building steadily over recent years. Despite this, there is only very limited outcome research supporting interventions for those with ID who set fires. To date there has been one case study, two small case series and one pre-post-intervention outcome study that have provided some evidence that broadly cognitive-behavioural interventions can help with fire interest and attitudes and emotional problems associated with fire-setting behaviour in these clients. There has also been some progress in the development of risk assessments to help evaluate clients' progress in treatment and rehabilitation.
Contributors
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- By Joanne R. Adler, David A. Alexander, Laurence Alison, Catherine C. Ayoub, Peter Banister, Anthony R. Beech, Amanda Biggs, Julian Boon, Adrian Bowers, Neil Brewer, Eric Broekaert, Paula Brough, Jennifer M. Brown, Kevin Browne, Elizabeth A. Campbell, David Canter, Michael Carlin, Shihning Chou, Martin A. Conway, Claire Cooke, David Cooke, Ilse Derluyn, Robert J. Edelmann, Vincent Egan, Tom Ellis, Marie Eyre, David P. Farrington, Seena Fazel, Daniel B. Fishman, Victoria Follette, Katarina Fritzon, Elizabeth Gilchrist, Nathan D. Gillard, Renée Gobeil, Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Lynsey Gozna, Don Grubin, Gisli H. Gudjonsson, Helinä Häkkänen-Nyholm, Guy Hall, Nathan Hall, Roisin Hall, Sean Hammond, Leigh Harkins, Grant T. Harris, Camilla Herbert, Robert D. Hoge, Todd E. Hogue, Clive R. Hollin, Lorraine Hope, Miranda A. H. Horvath, Kevin Howells, Carol A. Ireland, Jane L. Ireland, Mark Kebbell, Michael King, Bruce D. Kirkcaldy, Heidi La Bash, Cara Laney, William R. Lindsay, Elizabeth F. Loftus, L. E. Marshall, W. L. Marshall, James McGuire, Neil McKeganey, T. M. McMillan, Mary McMurran, Joav Merrick, Becky Milne, Joanne M. Nadkarni, Claire Nee, M. D. O’Brien, William O’Donohue, Darragh O’Neill, Jane Palmer, Adria Pearson, Derek Perkins, Devon L. L. Polaschek, Louise E. Porter, Charlotte C. Powell, Graham E. Powell, Martine Powell, Christine Puckering, Ethel Quayle, Vernon L. Quinsey, Marnie E. Rice, Randall Richardson-Vejlgaard, Richard Rogers, Louis B Schlesinger, Carolyn Semmler, G. A. Serran, Ralph C. Serin, John L. Taylor, Max Taylor, Brian Thomas-Peter, Paul A. Tiffin, Graham Towl, Rosie Travers, Arlene Vetere, Graham Wagstaff, Helen Wakeling, Fiona Warren, Brandon C. Welsh, David Wexler, Margaret Wilson, Dan Yarmey, Susan Young
- Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
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- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
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- 29 April 2010, pp xix-xxiii
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The Determination of Specific Characters for the Identification of Certain Ascidians
- Sheila Taylor Lindsay, Harold Thompson
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- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / September 1930
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 May 2009, pp. 1-35
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In the course of a study involving the routine identification of Tunicata the need became apparent of an attempt being made to define more clearly than has been done the diagnostic characters of certain species. The examination of a widely-collected material demonstrates the fact that in certain species considerable variations in structure accompany changes of habitat (depth, latitude, temperature, type of substratum, etc.), while other species vary but slightly.
CBT for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Emerging Evidence, Cognitive Ability and IQ Effects
- John L. Taylor, William R. Lindsay, Paul Willner
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- Journal:
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 36 / Issue 6 / November 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 2008, pp. 723-733
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- November 2008
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Historically people with intellectual disabilities have not been offered or received cognitive behavioural interventions that have been shown to be effective for mental health and emotional problems experienced by those without such disabilities. This is despite many people with intellectual disabilities having life experiences that potentially result in them having an increased risk to such problems. This paper discusses whether such therapeutic disdain is justified based on the evidence that is available and emerging concerning the application of cognitive behavioural interventions for this population. Issues concerning access to services, the ability of people with intellectual disabilities to engage in and benefit from the cognitive components of CBT, and the effect of cognitive abilities and IQ level on treatment effectiveness are explored in relation to this question.
Brain dopamine response in human opioid addiction
- Mark R.C. Daglish, Tim M. Williams, Sue J. Wilson, Lindsay G. Taylor, Chin B. Eap, Marc Augsburger, Christian Giroud, David J. Brooks, Judy S. Myles, Paul Grasby, Anne R. Lingford-Hughes, David J. Nutt
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 193 / Issue 1 / July 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 65-72
- Print publication:
- July 2008
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Background
Drugs of dependence cause dopamine release in the rat striatum. Human neuroimaging studies have shown an increase in dopamine in the equivalent region in response to stimulants and other drugs
AimsWe tested whether opioids provoke dopamine release and its relationship to the subjective experience
MethodIn two combined studies 14 heroin addicts on methadone maintenance treatment underwent two positron emission tomography brain scans of the dopamine system using [11C]-raclopride following an injection of placebo and either 50 mg intravenous diamorphine or 10 mg subcutaneous hydromorphone in a double-blind, random order design
ResultsBoth opioids produced marked subjective and physiological effects, but no measurable change in [11C]-raclopride binding
ConclusionsThe absence of a dopamine response to opioid agonists contrasts with that found with stimulant drugs and suggests dopamine may not play the same role in addiction to opioids. This questions the role of dopamine in the subjective experience of heroin in opioid addicts
Brain opioid receptor binding in early abstinence from opioid dependence: Positron emission tomography study
- Tim M. Williams, Mark R. C. Daglish, Anne Lingford-Hughes, Lindsay G. Taylor, Alexander Hammers, David J. Brooks, Paul Grasby, Judith S. Myles, David J. Nutt
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 191 / Issue 1 / July 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 63-69
- Print publication:
- July 2007
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Background
Although opioid receptor function in humans is clearly reduced during opioid dependence, what happens to the receptor in early abstinence is not understood.
AimsThis study sought to examine changes in opioid receptor availability in early abstinence from opioid dependence.
MethodTen people with opioid dependence who had completed inpatient detoxification and 20 healthy controls underwent [11C]-diprenorphine positron emission tomography. Clinical variables were assessed with structured questionnaires. Opioid receptor binding was characterised as the volume of distribution of [11C]-diprenorphine using a template of predefined brain volumes and an exploratory voxel-by-voxel analysis.
ResultsCompared with controls, participants with opioid dependence had increased [11C]-diprenorphine binding in the whole brain and in 15 of the 21 a priori regions studied.
ConclusionsThis study suggests that opioid receptor binding is increased throughout the brain in early abstinence from dependent opioid use. These data complement the findings in cocaine and alcohol dependence.
British National Sentiment
- ANTHONY HEATH, BRIDGET TAYLOR, LINDSAY BROOK, ALISON PARK
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Political Science / Volume 29 / Issue 1 / January 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 1999, pp. 155-175
- Print publication:
- January 1999
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There has been extensive research on Scottish, Welsh and Irish nationalism but little on British nationalism. Analysis of the British electorate shows that British nationalist sentiments cannot be reduced to the conventional left–right and libertarian–authoritarian value dimensions, and constitute a distinct normative dimension in their own right. They are related to attitudes towards Europe, nuclear defence, Scottish devolution and Irish unification. Although by no means as important as the left–right dimension, they are at least as important in contemporary voting behaviour as the libertarian–authoritarian dimension.