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Crystallographic and Nanomechanical Analysis by Correlative In-situ AFM & SEM
- P. Frank, M. Leitner, S. Hummel, N. Hosseini, Y. Wang, R. Winkler, G. E. Fantner, H. Plank, Y. Zeng, C. H. Schwalb
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2018, pp. 2280-2281
- Print publication:
- August 2018
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Middle Holocene Dry Period in the Northern Midwestern United States: Lake Levels and Pollen Stratigraphy
- M. G. Winkler, A. M. Swain, J. E. Kutzbach
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- Quaternary Research / Volume 25 / Issue 2 / March 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 235-250
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Four cores from Lake Mendota in the Yahara River valley of south-central Wisconsin provide pollen, charcoal, and sediment-year. Derived estimates of stratigraphic evidence of a middle Holocene dry period in the northern Midwest. The lake level was lower between about 6500 and 3500 yr B.P. indicating that runoff from the upper Yahara River basin may have ceased during the drier seasons of the precipitation between 6500 and 3500 yr B.P. indicate a decrease of about 10% (down to about 700 mm) from the present precipitation value of 800 mm. A warming between 6500 and 3500 yr B.P. is also interpreted based on a change of vegetation from rich mesophytic forest before 6500 yr B.P. to Quercus savanna, with increased charcoal abundances after that time. After 3500 yr B.P., a closed Quercus forest and decreased charcoal suggest a cooler and wetter climate. The qualitative paleoecological interpretations, quantitative precipitation reconstructions based on pollen from the region (including the Lake Mendota data), and estimates of hydrologic budget based on lake-level changes, all show indications of a dry and warm middle Holocene. Evidence from a large regional array of sites also supports these interpretations.
P.016 Bimanual psychomotor performance in neurosurgical resident applicants assessed using NeuroVR (formerly NeuroTouch), a virtual reality simulator
- A Winkler-Schwartz, K Bajunaid, M Mullah, I Marwa, F Alotaibi, M Baggiani, H Azarnoush, G Al Zharni, S Christie, A Sabbagh, P Werthner, R Del Maestro, R Sawaya
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 43 / Issue S2 / June 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 June 2016, p. S25
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Background: Current selection methods for neurosurgical residents lack objective measurements of psychomotor performance. This pilot study was designed to answer three questions: 1) What are the differences in bimanual psychomotor performance among neurosurgical residency applicants using the NeuroVR (formerly NeuroTouch) neurosurgical simulator? 2) Are there exceptionally skilled medical student applicants? 3) Does previous surgical exposure influence surgical performance? Methods: Medical students attending neurosurgery residency interviews at McGill University were asked to participate. Participants were instructed to remove 3 simulated brain tumors. Validated tier 1, tier 2, and advanced tier 2 metrics were utilized to assess bimanual psychomotor performance. Demographic data included weeks of neurosurgical elective and prior operative exposure. Results: Sixteen of 17 neurosurgical applicants (94%) participated. Performances clustered in definable top, middle, and bottom groups with significant differences for all metrics. Increased time spent playing music, increase applicant self-evaluated technical skills, high self-ratings of confidence and increased skin closures statistically influenced performance on univariate analysis. A trend for both self-rated increased operating room confidence and increased weeks of neurosurgical exposure to increase blood loss was seen in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Simulation technology identifies neurosurgical residency applicants at the extremes of technical ability and extrinsic and intrinsic applicant factors appear to influence performance.
Acute stress decreases bimanual psychomotor performance during resection of simulated brain tumors
- K Bajunaid, A Winkler-Schwartz, J Fares, M Baggiani, S Christie, F Alotaibi, G Al Zharni, A Sabbagh, H Azarnoush, P Werthner, RF Delmaestro
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 42 / Issue S1 / May 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 June 2015, p. S42
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Background: Objective methods to assess the influence of significant stress on neurosurgical bimanual psychomotor performance have not been developed. We utilized NeuroTouch, a virtual reality simulator, to answer two questions: 1) What is the impact of significant stress on bimanual psychomotor performance during the resection of a simulated tumor? 2) Does stress influence performance immediately following the stressful episode? Methods: Uncontrollable ‘intraoperative’ bleeding during one of the tumor resections resulting in simulated patient cardiac arrest served as the acute stressor. Six neurosurgeons, 6 senior and 6 junior neurosurgical residents and 6 senior medical students were studied. The evaluated advanced tier 2 metrics were efficiency index, ultrasonic aspirator path length index, suction coordination index and ultrasonic aspirator bimanual forces ratio. Results: The stress scenario significantly decreased the efficiency index of all groups and significantly decreased performance for many groups for suction coordination index and ultrasonic aspirator path length index. Performance in all advanced tier 2 metrics returned to pre-stress levels in post stress resection scenarios. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the concept that acute stress initiated by severe intraoperative bleeding significantly decreases bimanual psychomotor performance during the acute episode but had no significant influence on immediate post stress operative performance.
Subjective anxiety ratings before and after stressful neurosurgical virtual reality tumor resection task
- A Winkler-Schwartz, J Fares, B Khalid, M Baggiani, S Christie, F Alotaibi, G Al-Zharni, A Sabbagh, H Azarnoush, P Werthner, R Del Maestro
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 42 / Issue S1 / May 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 June 2015, p. S42
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Background: The availability of virtual reality (VR) surgical simulators affords the opportunity to assess the influence of stress on neurosurgical operative performance in a controlled laboratory environment. This study sought to examine the effect of a stressful VR neurosurgical task on the subjective anxiety ratings of participants with varying levels of surgical expertise. Methods: Twenty four participants comprised of six staff neurosurgeons, six senior neurosurgical residents (PGY4-6), six junior neurosurgical residents (PGY1-3), and six senior medical students took part in a bimanual VR tumor removal task with a component of sudden uncontrollable intra-operative bleeding. State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires were completed immediately pre and post the stress stimulus. The STAI questionnaire consisted of six items (calm, tense, upset, relaxed, content and worried) measured on a Likert scale. Results: Significant increases in subjective anxiety ratings were noted in junior residents (p=0.005) and medical students (p=0.025) while no significant changes were observed for staff and senior neurosurgical residents. Conclusions: Staff and senior residents more effectively mitigate stress compared to junior colleagues in a VR operative environment. Further physiological correlates are needed to determine whether this increased anxiety is paralleled by physiological arousal and altered surgical performance.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Relationship of suicide rates to economic variables in Europe: 2000–2011
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Wolfram Kawohl, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof, Alvydas Navickas, Cyril Höschl, Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, Eliot Sorel, Elmars Rancans, Eva Palova, Georg Juckel, Goran Isacsson, Helena Korosec Jagodic, Ileana Botezat-Antonescu, Ingeborg Warnke, Janusz Rybakowski, Jean Michel Azorin, John Cookson, John Waddington, Peter Pregelj, Koen Demyttenaere, Luchezar G. Hranov, Lidija Injac Stevovic, Lucas Pezawas, Marc Adida, Maria Luisa Figuera, Maurizio Pompili, Miro Jakovljević, Monica Vichi, Giulio Perugi, Ole Andreassen, Olivera Vukovic, Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou, Peeter Varnik, Per Bech, Peter Dome, Petr Winkler, Raimo K. R. Salokangas, Tiina From, Vita Danileviciute, Xenia Gonda, Zoltan Rihmer, Jonas Forsman Benhalima, Anne Grady, Anne Katrine Kloster Leadholm, Susan Soendergaard, Carlos Nordt, Juan Lopez-Ibor
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 205 / Issue 6 / December 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 486-496
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- December 2014
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Background
It is unclear whether there is a direct link between economic crises and changes in suicide rates.
AimsThe Lopez-Ibor Foundation launched an initiative to study the possible impact of the economic crisis on European suicide rates.
MethodData was gathered and analysed from 29 European countries and included the number of deaths by suicide in men and women, the unemployment rate, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the annual economic growth rate and inflation.
ResultsThere was a strong correlation between suicide rates and all economic indices except GPD per capita in men but only a correlation with unemployment in women. However, the increase in suicide rates occurred several months before the economic crisis emerged.
ConclusionsOverall, this study confirms a general relationship between the economic environment and suicide rates; however, it does not support there being a clear causal relationship between the current economic crisis and an increase in the suicide rate.
Assessing Bimanual Performance in Brain Tumor Resection using a Novel Virtual Reality Simulator NeuroTouch
- F Alotaibi, G Al Zhrani, H Azarnoush, A Winkler-Schwartz, M Mulla, RF Del Maestro
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 41 / Issue s2 / October 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 October 2014, p. S8
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Sample Preparation Induced Artifacts in Cryo-Electron Tomographs
- Pavel Plevka, Anthony J. Battisti, Dennis C. Winkler, Kaspars Tars, Heather A. Holdaway, Carol M. Bator, Michael G. Rossmann
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 18 / Issue 5 / October 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 October 2012, pp. 1043-1048
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- October 2012
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We investigated the effects of sample preparation and of the exposure to an electron beam on particles in cryo-electron tomographs. Various virus particles with icosahedral symmetry were examined, allowing a comparison of symmetrically related components that should be identical in structure but might be affected differently by these imaging artifacts. Comparison of tomographic reconstructions with previously determined structures established by an independent method showed that neither freezing nor electron beam exposure produced a significant amount of shrinkage along the z axis (thickness). However, we observed damage to regions of the particles located close to the surface of the vitreous ice.
Correlates of Omani adults’ physical inactivity and sitting time – Corrigendum
- Ruth M Mabry, Elisabeth AH Winkler, Marina M Reeves, Elizabeth G Eakin, Neville Owen
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- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 15 / Issue 11 / November 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 August 2012, p. 2164
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Correlates of Omani adults’ physical inactivity and sitting time
- Ruth M Mabry, Elisabeth AH Winkler, Marina M Reeves, Elizabeth G Eakin, Neville Owen
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- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / January 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 May 2012, pp. 65-72
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Objective
To inform public health approaches for chronic disease prevention, the present study identified sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural correlates of work, transport and leisure physical inactivity and sitting time among adults in Oman.
DesignCross-sectional study using the WHO STEPwise study methodology.
SettingSur City, Oman.
SubjectsMen and women aged 20 years and older (n 1335) in the Sur City Healthy Lifestyle Study who had complete data for demographic variables (gender, age, education, work status and marital status), BMI and behavioural risk factors – smoking and dietary habits plus physical inactivity and sitting time (the outcome variables).
ResultsThe highest level of physical inactivity was in the leisure domain (55·4 %); median sitting time was about 2 h/d. Gender-stratified logistic regression models found that the statistically significant (P < 0·05) correlates of inactivity (in one or more domains) were age, work status and fruit and vegetable intake in women, and age, education, work status, marital status and BMI in men. Gender-stratified linear regression models found that the statistically significant correlates of sitting time were age, work status and BMI in women and education in men.
ConclusionsFindings suggest that public health interventions need to be gender responsive and focus on domain-specific physical inactivity. In the Omani context, this might include gender-segregated exercise facilities to promote leisure physical activity among women and walking-friendly environmental initiatives to promote transport physical activity among men. Further evidence on barriers to physical activity and factors that influence prolonged sitting is required to develop relevant public health interventions.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Willem M. Ankum, Ruth Bender Atik, Carolien M. Boomsma, Tom H. Bourne, Larry W. Chamley, Ole B. Christiansen, Fatima Crispi, Feroza Dawood, Pat Doyle, Niek Exalto, Roy G. Farquharson, M. Goddijn, Eduard Gratacos, Mike Greaves, Aisha Hameed, Barbara E. Hepworth-Jones, Kristin Holoch, José A. Horcajadas, Eric R. M. Jauniaux, Jemma Johns, Davor Jurkovic, Anne Kennedy, Emma Kirk, Ruth Bunker Lathi, Nico J. Leschot, Bruce A. Lessey, Nick S. Macklon, Dimitrios Mavrelos, Saskia Middeldorp, Gillian Norrie, Errol R. Norwitz, Thomas Philipp, Anja Pinborg, Siobhan Quenby, Lesley Regan, Dominique Royère, Isaac E. Sasson, Sony Sierra, Mary D. Stephenson, Peter R. Stone, Ai-Wei Tang, Etienne Van den Abbeel, Nicole S. Winkler
- Edited by Roy G. Farquharson, University of Liverpool, Mary D. Stephenson, University of Chicago
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- Early Pregnancy
- Published online:
- 05 October 2010
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- 09 September 2010, pp vii-x
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Beam–plasma interaction experiments with heavy-ion beams
- K.-G. Dietrich, K. Mahrt-Olt, J. Jacoby, E. Boggasch, M. Winkler, B. Heimrich, D. H. H. Hoffmann
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / December 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2009, pp. 583-593
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The progress of the experimental research program at GSI for studying beam-plasma interaction phenomena is reported. Heavy-ion beams from the new accelerator facility SIS/ESR at GSI-Darmstadt are now available for experiments, and will soon deliver ≥ 109 particles per pulse in 100 ns. Focused on a small sample of matter, the beams will be able to produce a high-density plasma and to permit investigation of interaction processes of heavy ions with hot ionized matter.
For the intense beam from the new heavy-ion synchrotron (SIS), a fine-focus system has been designed to produce a high specific deposition power beam for target experiments with a beam-spot radius of 100 μm. We further discuss improvements of this lens system by nonconventional focusing devices such as plasma lenses.
Intense-beam experiments at the RFQ Maxilac accelerator at GSI have already produced the first heavy-ion-induced plasma with a temperature of 0.75 eV. New diagnostic techniques for investigating ion-beam-induced plasmas are presented. The low-intensity beam from the GSI UNILAC has been used to measure energy deposition profiles of heavy ions in hot ionized matter. In this experiment an enhancement of the stopping power for heavy ions was observed. The current experimental research program tests basic plasma theory and addresses key issues of inertial confinement fusion driven by intense heavy-ion beams.
Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Serratia marcescens Infection in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
- Lisa L. Maragakis, Amy Winkler, Margaret G. Tucker, Sara E. Cosgrove, Tracy Ross, Edward Lawson, Karen C. Carroll, Trish M. Perl
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 29 / Issue 5 / May 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 418-423
- Print publication:
- May 2008
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Background.
Serratia marcescens causes healthcare-associated infections and significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We report the investigation and control of an outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. marcescens infection at an NICU.
Methods.An outbreak investigation and a case-control study were undertaken at a 36-bed NICU in a tertiary care hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, for the period from October 2004 through February 2005. The outbreak investigation included case identification, review of medical records, environmental cultures, patient surveillance cultures, personnel hand cultures, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The case-control study included case identification and review of medical records. Infection control measures were implemented. Eighteen NICU neonates had cultures that grew MDR S. marcescens during the study period. The case-control study included 16 patients with the outbreak strain or an unidentified strain of MDR S. marcescens and 32 control patients not infected and/or colonized with MDR S. marcescens, treated in the NICU for at least 48 hours during the study period.
Results.PFGE analysis identified a single strain of MDR S. marcescens that infected or colonized 15 patients. Two patients had unique strains, and 1 patient's isolate could not be subtyped. An unrelated MDR S. marcescens isolate was recovered from a sink drain. Exposure to inhalational therapy was an independent risk factor for MDR S. marcescens acquisition after adjusting for birth weight. Extensive investigation failed to reveal a point source for the outbreak.
Conclusion.A single epidemic strain of MDR S. marcescens spread rapidly and threatened to become endemic in this NICU. Transient carriage on the hands of healthcare personnel or on respiratory care equipment was the likely mode of transmission. Cohorting patients and staff, at the cost of bed closures and additional personnel, interrupted transmission and halted the outbreak.
The INTEGRAL mission – an overview
- P. Kretschmar, C. Winkler, T. J.-L. Courvoisier, G. Di Cocco, R. Diehl, N. Gehrels, S. Grebenev, W. Hermsen, J. M. Mas-Hesse, F. Lebrun, N. Lund, G. G. C. Palumbo, J. Paul, J.-P. Roques, R. Sunyaev, B. Teegarden, P. Ubertini
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 1 / Issue S230 / August 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2006, pp. 59-65
- Print publication:
- August 2005
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The ESA observatory INTEGRAL (International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) is dedicated to fine imaging and spectroscopy in the energy range 15 keV to 10 Mev with concurrent X-ray (3-35 keV) and optical monitoring. It was launched on October 17, 2002 and has been succesfully operating ever since. Its two main instruments the spectrometer SPI – optimized for high resolution spectroscopy – and the imager IBIS – optimized for for high resolution imaging – are complemented by the X-ray monitor JEM-X and the optical monitor OMC. All the high energy instruments use coded mask techniques, allowing imaging in the gamma-ray range and combining wide fields of view with high spatial resolution. The presentation gives an overview of the unique properties of INTEGRAL.
High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of The Gas Surrounding M87 and NGC1275: Emission Line Detection and Evidence for Radiatively Regulated Accretion
- C. R. Canizares, C. Berg, G. Clark, J. G. Jernigan, G. Kriss, T. H. Markert, M. Schattenburg, P. F. Winkler
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- Highlights of Astronomy / Volume 5 / 1980
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- 30 March 2016, pp. 657-662
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- 1980
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The topic of this paper really falls somewhere between this session on active galaxies and the session on clusters. What I will report is really a cluster phenomenon but one which depends on the presence of a dominant, massive galaxy in the cluster. Specifically, we have detected several X-ray emission lines from the vicinity of M87 in the Virgo Cluster and NGC 1275 in Perseus. The lines are indicative of material which is cooler than the bulk of the intracluster gas. This material is most likely accreting onto the central galaxy with the accretion rate controlled by the rate of radiative cooling.
The observations I am reporting were made with the Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer (FPCS)on the Einstein Observatory. The instrument is a Bragg crystal spectrometer which has a resolving power (E/ΔE) of 50 to 500 over the energy range of 0.2 to 3 keV. It operates much like an optical scanner in that it has a narrow passband which is swept over some restricted spectral range containing an emission line. Detailed descriptions are given elsewhere (Canizares et al. 1977, 1979, Giacconi et al. 1979).
31. Time (L’Heure)
- H. Enslin, A. Orte, D. J. Belocerkovskij, T. Gökmen, B. Guinot, G. Hemmleb, S. Iijima, Wm. Markowitz, P. Melchior, J. D. Mulholland, H. M. Smith, G. M. R. Winkler
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- Journal:
- Transactions of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / 1976
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2016, pp. 159-173
- Print publication:
- 1976
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31. Time
- G. M. R. Winkler
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- Journal:
- Transactions of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / 1973
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2016, pp. 415-429
- Print publication:
- 1973
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31. Time
- F. Zagar, G. M. R. Winkler, D. J. Belocerkovskij, J. Bonanomi, H. Enslin, W. Markowitz, H.M. Smith, M. Torao
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- Journal:
- Transactions of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / 1970
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2016, pp. 343-355
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- 1970
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The astronomical observatories which actively cooperate in the network of the system of the Bureau International de l’Heure, are, at present, about 70. Most of the astronomical time determinations are carried out by means of Danjon Astrolabes or transit instruments; 10 observatories dispose of a PZT and 5 others are installing or planning to have it. The results of their observations, ɸ(observed latitude) and Δ T (difference between local U.T.0 and U.T.C), are collected at the BIH and – contrary to the procedure used until 1967 – used to simultaneously obtain the instantaneous coordinates of the pole (x, y), referred to conventional international origin (CIO), and longitudes origin on the pole equator. As a consequence of the adoption of the above-mentioned conventional pole, the BIH had to change all conventional longitudes in order to keep the origin formerly defined (1967); they are now reported in BIH Annual Reports. A further change was operated on the constant of aberration which, at the beginning of 1968, from 20˝.47 was changed to 20˝.496. The BIH had therefore to operate a step of to U.T.1, at the beginning of January 1968, and so did the Greenwich Observatory, with a step of + 0.0069. Global corrections, due to these variations and to others occurred from 1955 to 1968 (in 1958, variation of the polar reference, from Cecchini’s to the mean pole of the date; in 1961, adoption of FK4 and of new longitudes), to the data of the past years (until 1968), are reported on Table 8 of the BIH Annual Report, 1968. The formula supplying the correction U.T.2 —U.T.1 remained unchanged, except for the variable t, which is expressed (since 1967) as a fraction of the Besselian year. Finally, stars coordinates in the catalogs used for time service were revised on the basis of observations made during the latest ten years (Neuchâtel, Greenwich and Mizusawa) and a catalog has been prepared, which includes 807 right ascensions for 1960, drawn from 20 catalogs, with more than 185000 observations of the U.S.S.R. (Pulkova) time service, which is also preparing a new catalog of proper motions. The unification of star positions and proper motions is recommended for the PZT.