15 results
28 - Amenability to Treatment Evaluations
- from Part IV - Postconviction Phase Decisions
- Edited by Monica K. Miller, University of Nevada, Reno, Logan A. Yelderman, Prairie View A & M University, Texas, Matthew T. Huss, Creighton University, Omaha, Jason A. Cantone, George Mason University, Virginia
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Legal Decision-Making
- Published online:
- 22 February 2024
- Print publication:
- 29 February 2024, pp 427-442
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Summary
This chapter will examine treatment amenability decisions in juveniles. The juvenile courts have long focused on rehabilitation instead of the punitive approach of the criminal system. A significant aspect of that process has been the determination of whether a given person is likely to be responsive to intervention or if the needs of society would best be served by placing the person in the criminal justice system. This chapter will examine the history of the use of amenability in the juvenile justice system, the various decision points for the use of the amenability-to-treatment construct, definitions and assessment technology for amenability, factors and processes that contribute to these decisions, and how this information is communicated to the court. In addition, the chapter focuses on what professional training is needed to perform such evaluations. Future research and policy implications are also discussed.
The shape of and solutions to the MTurk quality crisis
- Ryan Kennedy, Scott Clifford, Tyler Burleigh, Philip D. Waggoner, Ryan Jewell, Nicholas J. G. Winter
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- Journal:
- Political Science Research and Methods / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2020, pp. 614-629
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Amazon's Mechanical Turk is widely used for data collection; however, data quality may be declining due to the use of virtual private servers to fraudulently gain access to studies. Unfortunately, we know little about the scale and consequence of this fraud, and tools for social scientists to detect and prevent this fraud are underdeveloped. We first analyze 38 studies and show that this fraud is not new, but has increased recently. We then show that these fraudulent respondents provide particularly low-quality data and can weaken treatment effects. Finally, we provide two solutions: an easy-to-use application for identifying fraud in the existing datasets and a method for blocking fraudulent respondents in Qualtrics surveys.
3354 Biomedical Informatics/Health Informatics A Preliminary Study of Glaucoma: The Intersection of Genetics and Survey Data from the Health and Retirement Study
- Jessica Cooke Bailey, Tyler G. Kinzy, Nicholas K. Schiltz
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 3 / Issue s1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2019, pp. 26-27
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide; in the United States alone, over 2.7 million individuals are affected. Various risk factors for glaucoma are known and include age, race/ethnicity, genetics, and ocular measures. Despite numerous studies, molecular and environmental factors that contribute to glaucoma remain elusive. Our objective was to conduct a genome-wide association for glaucoma among black and white HRS respondents, and to determine the feasibility for future analyses examining shared genetic markers between glaucoma and other comorbidities, behaviors, and environmental risk factors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a longitudinal survey of a representative sample of Americans over the age of 50. Supported by the National Institute on Aging and the Social Security Administration, the HRS is designed to provide reliable data on the decisions, choices, and behaviors of people as they age and respond to changes in public policy, the economy, and health. The study obtains information every two years about income and wealth, health and use of health services, work and retirement, and family connections. Through its unique and in-depth interviews, the HRS provides an invaluable and growing body of multidisciplinary data that researchers can use to address important questions about the challenges and opportunities of aging. Because of its innovation and importance, the HRS has become the model and hub for a growing network of harmonized longitudinal aging studies around the world. Saliva was collected on half of the HRS sample each wave starting in 2006 and respondents were genotyped on the Illumina Human Omni2.5-Quad (Omni2.5) BeadChip at the NIH Center for Inherited Disease Research. We accessed survey results to evaluate prevalence of glaucoma in this dataset and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) adjusting for age, sex, and significant Principal Components and stratifying by self-reported race (White / Black). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 8179 respondents passing quality filters, 6409 (78.40%) were white and 985 (12.05%) were black. Self-reported glaucoma prevalence was 7.85% and 16.34% in white and black respondents, respectively. White respondents had a mean age of 76.97 (SD 7.53) and were 57.25% female. Black respondents had a similar mean age of 74.96 (SD 7.27) and were 62.54% female. More than 87% of both groups were assessed in 2012. Preliminary GWAS analyses did not replicate known glaucoma loci and no variants attained genome-wide significance. A suggestive variant (p<1e-05) in the black population was within 10kb of a known locus, rs1196998. Future analyses will evaluate genetic association with combinations of glaucoma and comorbidities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Glaucoma risk is higher in minority groups than in whites, and the majority of reported genetic studies of glaucoma have been performed in individuals of European descent. It is imperative to better understand the role of genetics, environment, and health behavior in glaucoma risk. Further, understanding common mechanisms underlying diseases that co-occur with glaucoma could illuminate novel disease mechanisms that can be targeted for early intervention and/or treatment.
A comparative network analysis of eating disorder psychopathology and co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms before and after treatment
- Kathryn E. Smith, Tyler B. Mason, Ross D. Crosby, Li Cao, Rachel C. Leonard, Chad T. Wetterneck, Brad E. R. Smith, Nicholas R. Farrell, Bradley C. Riemann, Stephen A. Wonderlich, Markus Moessner
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 49 / Issue 2 / January 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2018, pp. 314-324
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Background
Network analysis is an emerging approach in the study of psychopathology, yet few applications have been seen in eating disorders (EDs). Furthermore, little research exists regarding changes in network strength after interventions. Therefore the present study examined the network structures of ED and co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms before and after treatment for EDs.
MethodParticipants from residential or partial hospital ED treatment programs (N = 446) completed assessments upon admission and discharge. Networks were estimated using regularized Graphical Gaussian Models using 38 items from the Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
ResultsED symptoms with high centrality indices included a desire to lose weight, guilt about eating, shape overvaluation, and wanting an empty stomach, while restlessness, self-esteem, lack of energy, and feeling overwhelmed bridged ED to depression and anxiety symptoms. Comparisons between admission and discharge networks indicated the global network strength did not change significantly, though symptom severity decreased. Participants with denser networks at admission evidenced less change in ED symptomatology during treatment.
ConclusionsFindings suggest that symptoms related to shape and weight concerns and guilt are central ED symptoms, while physical symptoms, self-esteem, and feeling overwhelmed are links that may underlie comorbidities in EDs. Results provided some support for the validity of network approaches, in that admission networks conveyed prognostic information. However, the lack of correspondence between symptom reduction and change in network strength indicates that future research is needed to examine network dynamics in the context of intervention and relapse prevention.
7 - Female arsonists and firesetters
- from Part I - Theory and research
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- By Theresa A. Gannon, University of Kent, UK, Nichola Tyler, University of Kent, UK, Magali Barnoux, University of Kent, UK, Afroditi Pina, University of Kent, UK
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- Book:
- Firesetting and Mental Health
- Published by:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published online:
- 25 February 2017, pp 126-142
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Summary
Understanding the aetiology of arson and firesetting and how to assess and treat individuals who deliberately set fires is a complex process that is still very much ‘work in progress’. However, as with most forensic issues, the research literature examining male individuals who set fires is substantially more developed than that focusing on females. To date, for example, review articles examining the concept of arson and firesetting either focus very little attention on females (e.g., Barnett & Spitzer, 1994; Smith & Short, 1995) or focus solely on males (Gannon & Pina, 2010). The main aim of this chapter is to provide a summary overview of what is currently known regarding women who set fires. It focuses on outlining the key characteristics and features of women who set fires, the aetiology of female-perpetrated firesetting, and the key treatment and risk issues. Where possible, the reported findings on women are compared with what is currently known about males who set fires and women offenders who do not set fires. Throughout this chapter, we generally use the term ‘firesetting’ to refer to any intentional lighting of fires, since ‘arson’ is an arguably narrow and legally constructed term that is unable to account for those whose firesetting remains unapprehended (e.g., firesetting in forensic psychiatry settings). Using the term ‘firesetter’ in relation to women may be especially important, since women appear to be treated more leniently than men by criminal justice officials, perhaps due to childcare responsibilities or other stereotyped preconceptions around females’ risk (Wilbanks, 1986; Steffensmeier & Demuth, 2006). Thus, many females who set a fire may not hold a conviction for ‘arson’ on record. However, taking into account clinical figures, professionals estimate that male firesetters outnumber females at a figure of around 6:1 (Stewart, 1993).
Key characteristics and features
Sociodemographic features
Many of the sociodemographic features noted in male firesetters who come to professional attention (see Gannon & Pina, 2010, for a review) are similar to those noted for females. For example, research suggests that female firesetters who come to professional attention – like other female offenders – are typically of low-average IQ (Tennent et al, 1971; Stewart, 1993; Noblett & Nelson, 2001), have low socioeconomic status and are poorly educated (Tennent et al, 1971; Harmon et al, 1985; Stewart, 1993; Wachi et al, 2007).
A new box turtle from the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (latest Hemphillian) of Oklahoma and a refined chronology of box turtle diversification
- Walter G. Joyce, Andrea Petričević, Tyler R. Lyson, Nicholas J. Czaplewski
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 86 / Issue 1 / January 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2016, pp. 177-190
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A near complete shell from the Hemphillian 4 (Miocene/Pliocene boundary) Buis Ranch local fauna of Beaver County, Oklahoma, represents a fossil box turtle. An anterior contact of neural III and neural V with costal III and costal V only, respectively, presence of a small contact between the suprapygal and eleventh peripherals, development of a thin peripheral lip for articulation with the posterior plastral lobe, placement of the vertebral III/IV sulcus on neural VII, presence of two anterior musk duct glands, a rounded posterior plastral lobe, an elongate shell outline, and a complete neural series diagnose the fossil as a new species, Terrapene parornata n. sp. A phylogenetic analysis of fossil box turtles places T. parornata along the phylogenetic stem of the extant taxon T. ornata. The holotype of ‘Terrapene longinsulae’ cannot be distinguished from Terrapene ornata and is therefore synonymized. Finally, ‘Terrapene’ corneri lacks characters of crown group Terrapene and may therefore represent a stem box turtle. The provenance of the holotype of ‘Terrapene longinsulae’ is more poorly known than previously recognized and this specimen may originate from Kansas or Nebraska and be early Miocene to late Pleistocene in age. Terrapene parornata is therefore the oldest demonstrable representative of crown group Terrapene (ca. 5.3–4.6 Ma). ‘Terrapene’ corneri from the late Barstovian of Nebraska and fragmentary material from the middle Barstovian of Nebraska by contrast are the oldest representative of the Terrapene lineage (ca. 14.5–11.5 Ma). A review of morphological characters related to shell kinesis reveals that most are highly correlated. The results of the phylogenetic analysis converge upon those of molecular data when these correlated characters are omitted from the analysis.
13 - Firesetting in secure settings: theory, treatment and management
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- By Theresa Gannon, Director of the Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychology and Professor of Forensic Psychology, University of Kent, Nichola Tyler, Postgraduate Researcher, University of Kent, Geoffrey Dickens, Research Manager and Head of Nursing Research, St Andrew's Healthcare, and Professor in Psychiatric Nursing, University of Northampton
- Edited by Geoffrey L. Dickins, Philip Sugarman, Marco Picchioni
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- Book:
- Handbook of Secure Care
- Published online:
- 02 January 2018
- Print publication:
- 01 July 2015, pp 193-210
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Summary
Introduction
Background and aims
Firesetting confers substantial costs on society. In 2010/2011 there were 36 000 deliberately set fires in Great Britain resulting in 72 fatalities and 1700 non-fatal casualties. Around one in five deliberate fires occur in nondwelling buildings, including hospitals (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2011). While serious fires in psychiatric hospitals are reasonably rare, incidents in UK secure mental health units in recent years, at Stockton Hall in North Yorkshire in 2010 (BBC News, 2010) and Camlet Lodge in London in 2008 (James, 2008), have demonstrated that fire can seriously disrupt service provision and endanger life. Additionally, the total number of incidents in psychiatric hospitals attended by the fire and rescue service is disproportionately greater per bed than in general medical hospitals (Grice, 2012). Around 10% of people admitted to forensic psychiatric services have committed arson (Coid et al, 2001) and many more may have a history of problematic firesetting behaviour (Geller et al, 1992). It is important therefore that staff who work in these services hold sufficient practical and theoretical knowledge to contribute to the prevention of firesetting and to the assessment, treatment and management of firesetters in secure care.
This chapter briefly reviews the epidemiology of firesetting, its relationship with mental disorder and the prevalence of firesetting among particular patient groups who may be resident in secure care. We then describe established theories of firesetting, including motivational typologies, single-factor theories and previous attempts at multifactor theories. We then present a newly developed multi-trajectory theory of adult firesetting (M-TTAF; Gannon et al, 2012a). This theory is important because it proposes different motivational drivers and prominent risk factors for firesetting across various groups, many of whom may be characterised by particular psychopathological features common in secure settings. The implication is that different groups will hold different risk factors and require varying therapeutic approaches. Some psychological treatment interventions delivered in secure settings are then examined. Finally, we discuss aspects of practical risk assessment and management of firesetters in the secure environment.
About the Contributors
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- By Bill Barnhart, Rosalee A. Clawson, Richard Davis, Valerie Hoekstra, Tyler Johnson, Nicholas LaRowe, Dahlia Lithwick, Phil Marcin, Laura Moyer, David G. Savage, Rorie Spill Solberg, Seth Stern, Vincent James Strickler, Matthew Thornton, Terri L. Towner, Joseph Daniel Ura, Richard L. Vining, Eric N. Waltenburg
- Edited by Richard Davis
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- Book:
- Covering the United States Supreme Court in the Digital Age
- Published online:
- 05 August 2014
- Print publication:
- 11 August 2014, pp ix-xii
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Patterns of Co-Occurrence of Plant and Mammal Species Across Critical Intervals
- S. Kathleen Lyons, Jessica Blois, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, J. Tyler Faith, Kathryn L. Amatangelo, William A. DiMichele, Andrew Du, Jussi T. Eronen
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- Journal:
- The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 13 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 July 2017, pp. 53-54
- Print publication:
- 2014
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TRAGEDIEN I SVENSKHUSET [THE TRAGEDY AT SWEDISH HOUSE]. Kjell Kjær and Ulf Aasebø. Stamsund: Orkana akademisk. 320 p, illustrated, hard cover. ISBN 978-82-8104-204-9. NOK 332.
- Nicholas Tyler
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- Journal:
- Polar Record / Volume 49 / Issue 3 / July 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2013, e19
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Contributors
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- By Maricela Alarcón, Laura A. Baker, Trygve Bakken, Serena Bezdjian, Andrew W. Bergen, Laura J. Bierut, Andrew C. Chen, C. Robert Cloninger, David W. Craig, Anibal Cravchik, Raymond R. Crowe, Carlos Cruchaga, Joseph F. Cubells, Marcella Devoto, Stephen H. Dinwiddie, Howard J. Edenberg, Josephine Elia, Craig A. Erickson, Thomas V. Fernandez, Xiaowu Gai, Elliot Gershon, Daniel H. Geschwind, Alison M. Goate, Hugh M. D. Gurling, Hakon Hakonarson, Sarah M. Hartz, Akiko Hayashi-Takagi, Jinger Hoop, Hanna Jaaro-Peled, Atsushi Kamiya, John S. K. Kauwe, Walter H. Kaye, John R. Kelsoe, Karestan C. Koenen, Mary Jeanne Kreek, Francesca Lantieri, James F. Leckman, Ondrej Libiger, Falk W. Lohoff, Michael J. Lyons, Christopher J. McDougle, Andrew McQuillin, Kathleen Ries Merikangas, Maria G. Motlagh, Pablo R. Moya, Dennis L. Murphy, Eric J. Nestler, Alexander B. Niculescu, David A. Nielsen, Khendra I. Peay, Bernice Porjesz, James B. Potash, R. Arlen Price, Dmitri Proudnikov, Adrian Raine, Madhavi Rangaswamy, William Renthal, Akira Sawa, Nicholas J. Schork, Saurav Seshadri, Shelley D. Smith, Wanli W. Smith, Toshinobu Takeda, Ardesheer Talati, Yi-Lang Tang, Kiara Timpano, Ali Torkamani, Catherine Tuvblad, Myrna M. Weissman, Jens R. Wendland, Jennifer Wessel, Peter S. White, Vadim Yuferov, Tyler Zink
- Edited by John I. Nurnberger, Jr, Wade Berrettini, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
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- Book:
- Principles of Psychiatric Genetics
- Published online:
- 05 October 2012
- Print publication:
- 13 September 2012, pp vii-x
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Resistance exercise enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis with graded intakes of whey protein in older men
- Yifan Yang, Leigh Breen, Nicholas A. Burd, Amy J. Hector, Tyler A. Churchward-Venne, Andrea R. Josse, M. A. Tarnopolsky, Stuart M. Phillips
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 108 / Issue 10 / 28 November 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 February 2012, pp. 1780-1788
- Print publication:
- 28 November 2012
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Feeding stimulates robust increases in muscle protein synthesis (MPS); however, ageing may alter the anabolic response to protein ingestion and the subsequent aminoacidaemia. With this as background, we aimed to determine in the present study the dose–response of MPS with the ingestion of isolated whey protein, with and without prior resistance exercise, in the elderly. For the purpose of this study, thirty-seven elderly men (age 71 (sd 4) years) completed a bout of unilateral leg-based resistance exercise before ingesting 0, 10, 20 or 40 g of whey protein isolate (W0–W40, respectively). Infusion of l-[1-13C]leucine and l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine with bilateral vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were used to ascertain whole-body leucine oxidation and 4 h post-protein consumption of MPS in the fed-state of non-exercised and exercised leg muscles. It was determined that whole-body leucine oxidation increased in a stepwise, dose-dependent manner. MPS increased above basal, fasting values by approximately 65 and 90 % for W20 and W40, respectively (P < 0·05), but not with lower doses of whey. While resistance exercise was generally effective at stimulating MPS, W20 and W40 ingestion post-exercise increased MPS above W0 and W10 exercised values (P < 0·05) and W40 was greater than W20 (P < 0·05). Based on the study, the following conclusions were drawn. At rest, the optimal whey protein dose for non-frail older adults to consume, to increase myofibrillar MPS above fasting rates, was 20 g. Resistance exercise increases MPS in the elderly at all protein doses, but to a greater extent with 40 g of whey ingestion. These data suggest that, in contrast to younger adults, in whom post-exercise rates of MPS are saturated with 20 g of protein, exercised muscles of older adults respond to higher protein doses.
7 - Female arsonists and firesetters
- from Part I - Theory and research
-
- By Theresa A. Gannon, Reader in Forensic Psychology and Chartered Forensic Psychologist, CORE-FP, School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK, Nichola Tyler, PhD Candidate, CORE-FP, School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK, Magali Barnoux, PhD Candidate, CORE-FP, School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK, Afroditi Pina, Lecturer in Forensic Psychology, CORE-FP, School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK
- Edited by Geoffrey L. Dickins, Philip A. Sugarman, Teresa A. Gannon
-
- Book:
- Firesetting and Mental Health
- Published online:
- 02 January 2018
- Print publication:
- 01 February 2012, pp 126-142
-
- Chapter
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-
Summary
Understanding the aetiology of arson and firesetting and how to assess and treat individuals who deliberately set fires is a complex process that is still very much ‘work in progress’. However, as with most forensic issues, the research literature examining male individuals who set fires is substantially more developed than that focusing on females. To date, for example, review articles examining the concept of arson and firesetting either focus very little attention on females (e.g., Barnett & Spitzer, 1994; Smith & Short, 1995) or focus solely on males (Gannon & Pina, 2010). The main aim of this chapter is to provide a summary overview of what is currently known regarding women who set fires. It focuses on outlining the key characteristics and features of women who set fires, the aetiology of female-perpetrated firesetting, and the key treatment and risk issues. Where possible, the reported findings on women are compared with what is currently known about males who set fires and women offenders who do not set fires. Throughout this chapter, we generally use the term ‘firesetting’ to refer to any intentional lighting of fires, since ‘arson’ is an arguably narrow and legally constructed term that is unable to account for those whose firesetting remains unapprehended (e.g., firesetting in forensic psychiatry settings). Using the term ‘firesetter’ in relation to women may be especially important, since women appear to be treated more leniently than men by criminal justice officials, perhaps due to childcare responsibilities or other stereotyped preconceptions around females’ risk (Wilbanks, 1986; Steffensmeier & Demuth, 2006). Thus, many females who set a fire may not hold a conviction for ‘arson’ on record. However, taking into account clinical figures, professionals estimate that male firesetters outnumber females at a figure of around 6:1 (Stewart, 1993).
Key characteristics and features
Sociodemographic features
Many of the sociodemographic features noted in male firesetters who come to professional attention (see Gannon & Pina, 2010, for a review) are similar to those noted for females. For example, research suggests that female firesetters who come to professional attention – like other female offenders – are typically of low-average IQ (Tennent et al, 1971; Stewart, 1993; Noblett & Nelson, 2001), have low socioeconomic status and are poorly educated (Tennent et al, 1971; Harmon et al, 1985; Stewart, 1993; Wachi et al, 2007).
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Nutritive Value of Terricolous Lichens for Reindeer in Winter
- Pål Vegar Storeheier, Svein D. Mathiesen, Nicholas J. C. Tyler, Monica A. Olsen
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- Journal:
- The Lichenologist / Volume 34 / Issue 3 / May 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2007, pp. 247-257
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- May 2002
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In contrast to virtually all other species of ruminants, reindeer (Rangifer arandus) eat substantial amounts of lichens in winter. Several different species of lichens are eaten and most are highly palatable. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of six species of terricolous lichens commonly eaten by reindeer were measured. Ruminal inoculum was obtained in winter from six free-ranging reindeer that had been grazing on natural pastures in northern Norway. Analysis of the plant parts recovered from their rumens confirmed that the animals had been eating a mixed diet that included both lichens and vascular plants. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of the different species of lichens varied considerably between species and genera. Cetraria islandica, C. nivalis and Cladonia arbuscula were highly digestible [69-77% dry matter (DM)], Stereocaulon paschale was poorly digestible (43% DM), whereas Cladonia stellaris and C. gradlis had an intermediate digestibility (56-57% DM). Mixing ladonia stellaris with vascular plants (50:50) had no effect on the in vitro digestibility of the combined substrates. The in vitro digestibility of Cladonia stellaris in inoculum from two captive reindeer which had had no access to lichens was very low (10% DM). This shows that the source of inoculum used for digestibility trials has a major effect on the apparent digestibility of the substrates. Evidently, the extent to which reindeer are able to utilize lichens depends on the species that are selected and on what the animals have been eating recently.
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