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Substance use in patients with eating disorders - a review of the current evidence
- T. P. V. Alves, P. Nunes, S. Timóteo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S765
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Introduction
Eating disorders are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and treat all the comorbidities that could worsen the prognosis.
ObjectivesThe aims of this work are to assess if substance use disorders are frequently comorbid in patients suffering from eating disorders, what are the problems associated with drug consumption among these individuals, and what are the best therapeutic strategies in this dual psychiatric diagnosis.
MethodsWe carried out a narrative review, by searching on PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the expression “eating disorders and substance use disorders”. We included all types of scientific articles published between 2018 and 2022, and information was extracted regarding the objectives of this review.
ResultsThe prevalence rates of substance use in eating disorders are higher than in general population. For eating disorders in general, substance use disorder (SUD) is the third most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity. According to a meta-analysis published in 2019, the lifetime prevalence rate of a comorbid SUD was 21.9% (95% CI 16.7-28.0). SUDs were more frequently comorbid among individuals with the binge/purge type, which has a specific phenotype characterized by greater impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and problems with executive control. Individuals with this dual diagnosis had a higher number of psychiatric comorbidities, were more likely to be prescribed mood stabilizers, and were more sensitive to reward.
Research suggests that eating disorders patients with co-occurring SUDs experience lower rates of treatment response, higher relapse rates, more severe medical complications, greater impairment, poorer long-term outcome, and are at higher risk of early mortality.
To date, there is limited information guiding the concurrent treatment of eating disorders and SUDs. Dialectical Behavior Therapy for SUDs seems to be a promising treatment, but more research on its efficacy will be essential for establishing treatment protocols for these patients.
ConclusionsSUDs have an impact on treatment response and increase mortality among people with eating disorders. The prevention and treatment of SUDs in this patient group is thus imperative to reduce mortality and increase the quality of life of these patients.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
EPA-1681 – Patients with Eating Disorders: Outcome of Inpatient Care
- J. Teixeira, P. Pedro, V. Viveiros, M. Carvalho, R. Mendes, J. Santos, L. Nunes, F. Sequeira, A. Neves, D. Sampaio
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating behaviour that results in altered consumption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning. Treatment of eating disorders is complex and challenging and sometimes patient's hospitalization is needed. The Santa Maria Hospital's Eating Disorders Unit is a specialized multidisciplinary team with long experience in the treatment of such disorders.
ObjectivesTo present and discuss the results of the inpatient treatment program for patients with eating disorders held at the Santa Maria Hospital's Eating Disorders Unit.
Methodsreview of clinical files of all patients hospitalised at Santa Maria Hospital's Eating Disorders Unit during a twelve month period and statistical analysis of data collected using SPSS program.
ResultsThe sample included mainly female patients with anorexia nervosa with a significantly low body weight. In this presentation we show the results of the statistical analysis performed for sample characterization (both demographic and clinical variables), evaluation of patient's clinical outcome and features associated with good or poor prognosis.
ConclusionsThe results of this study show the importance of inpatient care especially for patients with anorexia nervosa with a significantly low body weight.
PTSD And Quality of Life Among Firefighters and Municipal Police Forces
- C. Lima, Â. Maia, R. Ferreira, A. Magalhães, H. Nunes, S. Pinheiro, L. Ribeiro, C. Rodrigues, P. Santos, V. Santos, R. Teles
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S513
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Research has shown that PTSD is prevalent among firefighters and police forces and that Quality of Life (QoL) is seriously compromised in individuals suffering from PTSD. However, QoL studies with these professionals are scarce. This study results from a screening program held by the Portuguese Red Cross (PRC) aiming to analyze predictors of QoL. Participants were 95 firefighters and municipal police officers. They answered the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) in order to evaluate the prevalence of PTSD symptoms, as well as measures of social support (3-Item Oslo Social Support Scale) and QoL (EUROHIS-QOL-8). From the results, there were no group differences regarding total PTSD, social support or QoL and 10% of participants reported enough symptoms to PTSD diagnostic. Social Support and PTSD explained 25% of QoL variance, PTSD symptoms explaining 10% (negative beta) and, in the second step, social support explained 15%. The results suggest that it would be important to include QoL as an outcome measure in clinical and research work in these populations, with special attention to PTSD and social support.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD
- J.J.S. Kooij, D. Bijlenga, L. Salerno, R. Jaeschke, I. Bitter, J. Balázs, J. Thome, G. Dom, S. Kasper, C. Nunes Filipe, S. Stes, P. Mohr, S. Leppämäki, M. Casas, J. Bobes, J.M. Mccarthy, V. Richarte, A. Kjems Philipsen, A. Pehlivanidis, A. Niemela, B. Styr, B. Semerci, B. Bolea-Alamanac, D. Edvinsson, D. Baeyens, D. Wynchank, E. Sobanski, A. Philipsen, F. McNicholas, H. Caci, I. Mihailescu, I. Manor, I. Dobrescu, T. Saito, J. Krause, J. Fayyad, J.A. Ramos-Quiroga, K. Foeken, F. Rad, M. Adamou, M. Ohlmeier, M. Fitzgerald, M. Gill, M. Lensing, N. Motavalli Mukaddes, P. Brudkiewicz, P. Gustafsson, P. Tani, P. Oswald, P.J. Carpentier, P. De Rossi, R. Delorme, S. Markovska Simoska, S. Pallanti, S. Young, S. Bejerot, T. Lehtonen, J. Kustow, U. Müller-Sedgwick, T. Hirvikoski, V. Pironti, Y. Ginsberg, Z. Félegyházy, M.P. Garcia-Portilla, P. Asherson
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 56 / Issue 1 / February 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 November 2018, pp. 14-34
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Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that often persists into adulthood and old age. Yet ADHD is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in many European countries, leading to chronicity of symptoms and impairment, due to lack of, or ineffective treatment, and higher costs of illness.
Methods The European Network Adult ADHD and the Section for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (NDAL) of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), aim to increase awareness and knowledge of adult ADHD in and outside Europe. This Updated European Consensus Statement aims to support clinicians with research evidence and clinical experience from 63 experts of European and other countries in which ADHD in adults is recognized and treated.
Results Besides reviewing the latest research on prevalence, persistence, genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How should ADHD be properly diagnosed in adults? (3) How should adult ADHDbe effectively treated?
Conclusions ADHD often presents as a lifelong impairing condition. The stigma surrounding ADHD, mainly due to lack of knowledge, increases the suffering of patients. Education on the lifespan perspective, diagnostic assessment, and treatment of ADHD must increase for students of general and mental health, and for psychiatry professionals. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available, as are effective evidence-based treatments for ADHD and its negative outcomes. More research is needed on gender differences, and in older adults with ADHD.
Is there association between human development index and tuberculosis mortality risk? Evidence from a spatial analysis study in the south of Brazil
- D. T. Santos, C. Nunes, L. S. Alves, A. A. R. Queiroz, M. J. Miranda, L. H. Arroyo, M. Yamamura, A. S. Belchior, M. P. Popolin, M. A. M. Arcoverde, T. Z. Berra, A. C. V. Ramos, I. C. Pinto, P. F. Palha, B. M. A. Gabardo, E. M. Dessunti, R. A. Arcêncio
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 146 / Issue 14 / October 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 July 2018, pp. 1763-1770
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The goal of this study was to analyse the spatial pattern of tuberculosis (TB) mortality using different approaches, namely: mortality rates (MR), spatial relative risks (RR) and Bayesian rates (Global and Local) and their association with human development index (HDI), Global and its three dimensions: education, longevity and income. An ecological study was developed in Curitiba, Brazil based on data from Mortality Information System (2008–2014). Spatial scan statistics were used to compute RR and identify high-risk clusters. Bivariate Local Indicator of Spatial Associations was used to assess associations. MR ranged between 0 and 25.24/100.000 with a mean (standard deviation) of 1.07 (2.66). Corresponding values for spatial RR were 0–27.46, 1.2 (2.99) and for Bayesian rates (Global and Local) were 0.49–1.66, 0.90 (0.19) and 0–6.59, 0.98 (0.80). High-risk clusters were identified for all variables, except for HDI-income and Global Bayesian rate. Significant negative spatial relations were found between MR and income; between RR and HDI global, longevity and income; and Bayesian rates with all variables. Some areas presented different patterns: low social development/low risk and high risk/high development. These results demonstrate that social development variables should be considered, in mortality due TB.
Vaccine effectiveness and use of collar impregnated with insecticide for reducing incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs in an endemic region for visceral leishmaniasis, in Brazil
- E. G. Lopes, A. P. Sevá, F. Ferreira, C. M. Nunes, L. B. Keid, R. M. Hiramoto, H. L. Ferreira, T. M. F. S. Oliveira, F. G. Ovallos, E. A. B. Galati, T. J. Villegas, D. V. Bortoletto, S. Y. O. B. Valadas, R. M. Soares
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- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 146 / Issue 3 / February 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 January 2018, pp. 401-406
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Although a national programme for control of visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is being run in Brazil, the disease continues to spread. This programme is essentially based on culling infected dogs from endemic regions. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop other control measures against VL to deter its advance. Here, a subunit vaccine, a recombinant vaccine, an insecticide-impregnated collar and the associations between these measures were evaluated for reducing the incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs. This was through a cohort study conducted in an endemic region of Brazil, considering the incidence and time of total exposure over a period of 1 year. The incidence of VL was estimated by means of serological and molecular diagnostic tests, 180 and 360 days after the application of the control measures. The estimates of the effectiveness (EF) were not significant in any cohort. The EF of the subunit vaccine, the recombinant vaccine and the collar were 26.4%, 32.8% and 57.7% and the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for EF were 63.7%, 67.9% and 82.5%, respectively. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, none of the immunogens for VL control was sufficiently effective to protect dogs against infection. On the other hand, use of collars impregnated with insecticide seems to constitute a method with better prognosis, corroborating other studies in this field.
Usefulness of gel filtration fraction as potential biomarker for neurocysticercosis in serum: towards a new diagnostic tool
- D. S. NUNES, H. T. GONZAGA, V. S. RIBEIRO, J. P. CUNHA-JÚNIOR, J. M. COSTA-CRUZ
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 144 / Issue 4 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 October 2016, pp. 426-435
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There is an increasing interest in improving neurocysticercosis (NCC) diagnosis through the search of new and alternative antigenic sources, as those obtained from heterologous antigens. The aim of this study was to obtain potential biomarkers for NCC diagnosis after gel filtration chromatography [gel filtration fraction (GFF)] from the total saline extract (SE) from Taenia saginata metacestodes, followed by protein identification and application in immunodiagnostic. SE and GFF proteic profiles were characterized in gel electrophoresis, and diagnostic performance was verified by testing 160 serum samples through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and other diagnostic parameters were calculated. Polypeptides of interest in the diagnosis of human NCC present at GFF were analysed by mass spectrometry (MS) and B-cell epitopes were predicted. GFF had the best diagnostic parameters: Se 93·3%; Sp 93%; AUC 0·990; LR+ = 13·42 and LR− = 0·07, and proved to be useful reacting with serum samples in immunoblotting. Proteic profile ranged from 64 to 68 kDa and enolase and calcium binding protein calreticulin precursor were identified after MS. The enolase and calcium-binding protein calreticulin precursor showed 18 and 10 predicted B-cell epitopes, respectively. In conclusion we identified important markers in the GFF with high efficiency to diagnose NCC.
Damage tolerant cork based composites for aerospace applications
- J. M. Silva, C. Z. Nunes, N. Franco, P. V. Gamboa
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- The Aeronautical Journal / Volume 115 / Issue 1171 / September 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 January 2016, pp. 567-575
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This work aims at improving the resilience and damage tolerant properties of CFRP by using cork, which is a natural material with good energy absorption capacity and thermal insulating and vibration damping characteristics. Two types of materials were considered: a sandwich formed by carbon-epoxy facesheets with a cork-epoxy core and a carbon-epoxy laminate with embedded cork granulates. The damage tolerant properties were evaluated by low velocity impact tests according to the type of material. Additionally, this work intends to evaluate the feasibility of using a cork agglomerate combined with CFRP in a sandwich configuration in order to improve the aeroelastic properties of certain types of aerospace components aiming at preventing the occurrence of damage due to flutter. A computational analysis was used to determine the critical flutter speed of a cork based sandwich plate and other conventional materials, such as aluminium alloy and CFRP.
Results are clear about the benefits of using cork based composites either by improving the damage tolerant properties under impact loading or by extending the flight envelope without weight penalty by increasing the flutter critical speed.
List of contributors
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- By Jimmy N. Avari, Joshua Berman, David A. Brent, Benjamin D. Brody, Carolyn Broudy, Gerard E. Bruder, Deborah L. Cabaniss, Megan S. Chesin, Melissa P. DelBello, Davangere P. Devanand, Jordan W. Eipper, Jean Endicott, Eric A. Fertuck, Michael B. First, Benicio N. Frey, Emily Gastelum, Lucas Giner, Barbara L. Gracious, David J. Hellerstein, Aerin M. Hyun, David A. Kahn, Jürgen Kayser, S. Aiden Kelly, James H. Kocsis, Robert A. Kowatch, Gonzalo Laje, Martin J. Lan, Kyle A. B. Lapidus, Frances R. Levin, Sarah H. Lisanby, J. John Mann, Sanjay J. Mathew, Patrick J. McGrath, Francis J. McMahon, Barnett S. Meyers, Luciano Minuzzi, Diana E. Moga, Philip R. Muskin, Edward V. Nunes, Maria A. Oquendo, Ramin V. Parsey, Joan Prudic, Annie E. Rabinovitch, Drew Ramsey, Steven P. Roose, Moacyr A. Rosa, Bret R. Rutherford, Roberto Sassi, Peter A. Shapiro, Margaret G. Spinelli, Barbara H. Stanley, Meir Steiner, Jonathan W. Stewart, M. Elizabeth Sublette, Craig E. Tenke, Jiuan Su Terman, Michael Terman, Michael E. Thase, Helen Verdeli, Myrna M. Weissman
- Edited by J. John Mann, Columbia University, New York
- Edited in association with Patrick J. McGrath, Columbia University, New York, Steven P. Roose, Columbia University, New York
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- Book:
- Clinical Handbook for the Management of Mood Disorders
- Published online:
- 05 May 2013
- Print publication:
- 09 May 2013, pp vii-x
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Ion-exchange protocol to obtain antigenic fractions with potential for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis
- H. T. GONZAGA, C. VILA-VERDE, D. S. NUNES, V. S. RIBEIRO, J. P. CUNHA-JÚNIOR, J. M. COSTA-CRUZ
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 140 / Issue 1 / January 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 August 2012, pp. 69-75
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The aim of this study was to fractionate and partially characterize the antigenic extract of filariform larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis in ion-exchange resin diethylaminoethyl sepharose (DEAE), to obtain antigenic fractions potentially applicable in immunoassays. Somatic antigen (SA) and its fractions DEAE S1 and DEAE S2 - which interacted with the resin - were evaluated by 1-dimensional electrophoresis to obtain protein profiles. SA and its fractions were tested in serum samples for IgG detection by ELISA. Serum samples (n = 155) were analysed: 50 from strongyloidiasis patients (G1), 55 from patients with other parasitic infections (G2) and 50 from healthy volunteers. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), area under curve (AUC) and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated. The DEAE S2 fraction provided a high diagnostic value for IgG detection (Se 92·0%, Sp 91·4%, AUC 0·981, LR+ 10·75, LR − 0·09). In conclusion, the DEAE S2 fraction would probably be a source of immunodominant polypeptides for IgG detection in human strongyloidiasis serodiagnosis.
Chronic caffeine intake decreases circulating catecholamines and prevents diet-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats
- Silvia V. Conde, Tiago Nunes da Silva, Constancio Gonzalez, Miguel Mota Carmo, Emilia C. Monteiro, Maria P. Guarino
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 107 / Issue 1 / 14 January 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2011, pp. 86-95
- Print publication:
- 14 January 2012
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We tested the hypothesis that long-term caffeine intake prevents the development of insulin resistance and hypertension in two pathological animal models: the high-fat (HF) and the high-sucrose (HSu) diet rat. We used six groups of animals: control; caffeine-treated (Caff; 1 g/l in drinking water during 15 d); HF; caffeine-treated HF (HFCaff); HSu; caffeine-treated HSu (HSuCaff). Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the insulin tolerance test. Blood pressure, weight gain, visceral fat, hepatic glutathione, plasma caffeine, insulin and NO, and serum NEFA and catecholamines were measured. Caffeine reversed insulin resistance and hypertension induced by both the HF and HSu diets. In the HF-fed animals caffeine treatment restored fasting insulin levels to control values and reversed increased weight gain and visceral fat mass. In the HSu group, caffeine reversed fasting hyperglycaemia and restored NEFA to control values. There were no changes either in plasma NO or in hepatic glutathione levels. In contrast, caffeine totally prevented the increase in serum catecholamines induced by HF and HSu diets. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system prevents the development of diet-induced insulin resistance we administered carvedilol, an antagonist of β1, β2 and also α1 adrenoceptors, to HF and HSu rats. Carvedilol treatment fully prevented diet-induced insulin resistance and hypertension, mimicking the effect of caffeine. We concluded that long-term caffeine intake prevented the development of insulin resistance and hypertension in HF and HSu models and that this effect was related to a decrease in circulating catecholamines.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. 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Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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A Lab-on-a-Chip for Clinical Analysis with Acoustic Microagitation based on Piezoelectric Poly(Vinilidene Fluoride)
- P. Martins, V. Cardoso, J. Serrado Nunes, L. Rebouta, G. Rocha, G. Minas, Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1138 / 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 1138-FF09-17
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- 2008
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This paper reports on the incorporation and validation of a microagitation system based on a piezoelectric polymer, Poly(vinylidene fluoride) in its beta phase, β-PVDF, in a fully-integrated disposable lab-on-a-chip for point-of-care testing and monitoring of biochemical parameters in biological fluids. The lab-on-a-chip concept offers a novel approach for clinical analyses, especially in biological fluids analyses, due to its portability, ensuring that the analysis can be performed at any location with quick results. Its microagitation system performance was successfully demonstrated by quantitative measurements of uric acid in human urine, though other molecules or biological fluids can be also measured. The optimization tests prove that it is possible to use lower frequencies than resonance with no major changes in the mixing process. The effect of area and location within the lab-on-a-chip of the microagitation system was also considered.
Authors' reply
- W. F. Gattaz, O. V. Forlenza, P. V. Nunes
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 191 / Issue 4 / October 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 361-362
- Print publication:
- October 2007
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Electrical and Microstructural Changes of β-PVDF under Different Processing Conditions by Scanning Force Microscopy
- J. Serrado Nunes, V. Sencadas, A. Wu, A. L. Kholkin, P. M. Vilarinho, S. Lanceros-Méndez
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 949 / 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 0949-C03-02
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- 2006
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Poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been widely investigated due to its important pyro- and piezoelectric properties. These properties have found various applications, especially as sensor and actuators. The existence and optimization of these properties is intimately related with the fraction of the polymer in the crystalline phase, its structure, microstructure and orientation. All of these in turn heavily depend on the processing conditions. PVDF is a semi-crystalline polymer which shows polymorphism and is commonly crystallized in non-polar crystalline α-phase. The piezo- and pyroelectric properties mainly depend on the β-phase, so that increasing β-phase content has always been of great concern in this field.
β-phase can be obtained by mechanical stretching of α-phase films at a given temperature or directly from solution. Conversion of α into β-phase takes place at stretching temperatures below 100 °C, at a stretch ratio of about 3–5. Nevertheless the achieved amount of β-phase in the crystalline fraction of the material is never 100%. In the films obtained from solution, 100% beta phase films can be achieved in either a porous or non-porous form. The degree of crystallinity is also larger for the samples obtained from solution.
This work is mainly devoted to the study of the variations in the topological morphology and piezoelectric domain response of PVDF prepared by the aforementioned methods by scanning force microscopy in a piezo-response mode.
Er3+-doped Polyether/siloxane Hybrid Materials for Optoelectronics
- S. C. Nunes, V. de Zea Bermudez, R. A. Sá Ferreira, L. D. Carlos, E. Morales, P. V. S. Marques
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 847 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, EE13.31
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- 2004
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The sol-gel method was employed to obtain poly(oxyethylene) (POE)/siloxane hybrids (di-ureasils) doped with erbium triflate (Er(CF3SO3)3). The host hybrid matrix employed is composed of a siliceous framework to which short POE chains are covalently bonded through urea linkages (-NH(C(=O)NH-). Xerogels with ∞ > n ≥ 5 (where n, salt composition, is the molar ratio of OCH2CH2 moieties per Er ion) were analyzed. Samples with n ≥ 20 are amorphous. Those with n > 20 are thermally stable up to about 325 °C. In the di-ureasils proposed, the Er ions are active at room temperature (RT). Concentration effects on the quenching of the 1.53 mm emission intensity (excited at 488 nm) are negligible.
Transport Properties of Indium Tin Oxide on Anisotropic Flexible Transparent Cellulosic Substrates
- A. Amaral, C. Nunes de Carvalho, P. Brogueira, L. V. Melo, G. Lavareda, M. H. Godinho
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 725 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, P4.1
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- 2002
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Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) systems have been actively investigated as flexible transparent substrates for use in LCD technology. HPC solid films (20-60 μm) obtained from aqueous liquid crystalline solutions present tunable topography. The need for transparent contacts in working electronic devices leads to the study of the properties of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) deposited on these flexible substrates. Substrates obtained from a 30% w/w solution of HPC in water (HPC30) were found to have an isotropic topography with a roughness (Ra ) of 18.4 nm as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Substrates with an anisotropic topography were obtained from a 65% w/w HPC solution (HPC65). AFM measurements show a Ra = 29.1nm. Two types of peridiocities can be observed in HPC65 substrates. A primary set of large bands, perpendicular to the shear direction is characterized by a periodicity of 1.8-2.1 μm and an average peak-to-valley height of 74-87 nm. This first set of bands lies under a secondary set of smoother band texture with a periodicity of 0.35 – 0.40 μm and an average peak-to-valley height of 2.9-4.4 nm. Transport properties of ITO deposited on HPC30 substrates (ITO+HPC30) show a resistivity around 3x10-2 Ω.cm independent of orientation. ITO films deposited onto HPC65 substrates (ITO+HPC65) are conductive and show a resistivity which depends strongly on current direction about two orders of magnitude. The resistivity measured along the shearing direction is 3.8x10-2 Ω.cm and along a perpendicular direction is 2.7 Ω.cm. The anisotropic resistivity of ITO+HPC65 cannot be a direct consequence of the current path difference between both directions due to surface topography. The optical microscope observation of the ITO+HPC65 surface reveals the presence of cracks in the ITO film along the shear direction, which could be induced by the anisotropic mechanical properties of HPC65 substrates. The resistivity difference in ITO+HPC65 could be attributed to these cracks.
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon / ZnO Shottky Heterojunction for Position Sensitive Detectors
- H. ǵuas, P. Nunes, E. Fortunato, R. Silva, V. Silva, J. Figueiredo, F. Soares, R. Martins
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 664 / 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 March 2011, A26.6
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- 2001
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In this work a new structure is proposed for position sensitive detectors consisting of glass/Cr/a-Si:H(n+)/a-Si:H(i)/ZnO, where the ZnO forms an heterojunction with the a-Si:H(i). The results show that this structure works with success in the fabrication of linear position sensitive detectors. The devices present a good nonlinearity of ͌ 2% and a good sensitivity tothe light intensity. The main advantages of this structure over the classical p-i-n are an easier to built topology and a higher yield due to a better immunity to the a-Si:H pinholes, since the ZnO does not diffuse so easily into a-Si:H as the metal does, which are the cause of frequent failure in the p-i-n devices due to short-circuits caused by the deposition of the metal over the a-Si:H. In this structure the illumination is made directly on the ZnO, so a transparent substrate is not needed and a larger range of substrates can be used.
Study of Defects in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon by Constant Photocurrent Method and Positron Annihilation
- A. Amaral, G. Lavareda, C. Nunes de Carvalho, P. Brogueira, P. M. Gordo, V. S. Subrahmanyam, C. Lopes Gil, M.. Duarte Naia, A. P. de Lima
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 664 / 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 March 2011, A22.5
- Print publication:
- 2001
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The influence of the power density, PD, on the density and structure of defects of undoped a-Si:H thin films, deposited by rf-PECVD, is studied by constant photocurrent method, CPM, and by slow positron beam spectroscopy, respectively. Deep defect density, NDD, remains approximately constant at 10-16 cm-3, typical of device quality material, for PD in the range 7 - 20 mW.cm-3 calculated from CPM. NDD increases roughly one order of magnitude for both low and for high power densities. Positron annihilation spectroscopy reveals the presence of two kinds of vacancy type defects in the films: large vacancy clusters or voids for PD ∼ 7 mW.cm-3 and small vacancy type defects as PD increases to ∼30 mW.cm-3. The relative abundance of the structural defects is shown to be controlled by the power density used during the deposition without affect the electronic deep defect density, significantly.
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