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Adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia have healthier dietary and lifestyle habits compared with their non-affected relatives: the SAFEHEART study
- Raquel Arroyo-Olivares, Rodrigo Alonso, Gracia Quintana-Navarro, Francisco Fuentes-Jiménez, Nelva Mata, Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo, José L Díaz-Díaz, Daniel Zambón, Francisco Arrieta, Jesús García-Cruces, Juan A Garrido-Sanjuan, José R Banegas, Pedro Mata
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 22 / Issue 8 / June 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 February 2019, pp. 1433-1443
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Objective
Healthy lifestyle habits are the cornerstone in the management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). Nevertheless, dietary studies on FH-affected populations are scarce. The present study analyses dietary habits, adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern and physical activity in an adult population with FH and compares them with their non-affected relatives.
DesignCross-sectional study.
SettingData came from SAFEHEART, a nationwide study in Spain.
ParticipantsIndividuals (n 3714) aged ≥18 years with a genetic diagnosis of FH (n2736) and their non-affected relatives (n 978). Food consumption was evaluated using a validated FFQ.
ResultsTotal energy intake was lower in FH patients v. non-affected relatives (P<0·005). Percentage of energy from fats was also lower in the FH population (35 % in men, 36 % in women) v. those non-affected (38 % in both sexes, P<0·005), due to the lower consumption of saturated fats (12·1 % in FH patients, 13·2 % in non-affected, P<0·005). Consumption of sugars was lower in FH patients v. non-affected relatives (P<0·05). Consumption of vegetables, fish and skimmed milk was higher in the FH population (P<0·005). Patients with FH showed greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern v. non-affected relatives (P<0·005). Active smoking was lower and moderate physical activity was higher in people with FH, especially women (P<0·005).
ConclusionsAdult patients with FH report healthier lifestyles than their non-affected family members. They eat a healthier diet, perform more physical activity and smoke less. However, this patient group’s consumption of saturated fats and sugars still exceeds guidelines.
The Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in southern Iberia
- Miguel Cortés Sánchez, Francisco J. Jiménez Espejo, María D. Simón Vallejo, Juan F. Gibaja Bao, António Faustino Carvalho, Francisca Martinez-Ruiz, Marta Rodrigo Gamiz, José-Abel Flores, Adina Paytan, José A. López Sáez, Leonor Peña-Chocarro, José S. Carrión, Arturo Morales Muñiz, Eufrasia Roselló Izquierdo, José A. Riquelme Cantal, Rebecca M. Dean, Emília Salgueiro, Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez, Juan J. De la Rubia de Gracia, María C. Lozano Francisco, José L. Vera Peláez, Laura Llorente Rodríguez, Nuno F. Bicho
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- Journal:
- Quaternary Research / Volume 77 / Issue 2 / March 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 221-234
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New data and a review of historiographic information from Neolithic sites of the Malaga and Algarve coasts (southern Iberian Peninsula) and from the Maghreb (North Africa) reveal the existence of a Neolithic settlement at least from 7.5 cal ka BP. The agricultural and pastoralist food producing economy of that population rapidly replaced the coastal economies of the Mesolithic populations. The timing of this population and economic turnover coincided with major changes in the continental and marine ecosystems, including upwelling intensity, sea-level changes and increased aridity in the Sahara and along the Iberian coast. These changes likely impacted the subsistence strategies of the Mesolithic populations along the Iberian seascapes and resulted in abandonments manifested as sedimentary hiatuses in some areas during the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition. The rapid expansion and area of dispersal of the early Neolithic traits suggest the use of marine technology. Different evidences for a Maghrebian origin for the first colonists have been summarized. The recognition of an early North-African Neolithic influence in Southern Iberia and the Maghreb is vital for understanding the appearance and development of the Neolithic in Western Europe. Our review suggests links between climate change, resource allocation, and population turnover.
5 - Design at the classical–quantum boundary
- Edited by A. F. J. Levi, University of Southern California, Stephan Haas, University of Southern California
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- Book:
- Optimal Device Design
- Published online:
- 04 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 24 December 2009, pp 123-148
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Summary
Introduction
In this chapter we explore systems whose description lies at the boundary between classical and quantum theory. There are of course many ways to approach this problem. Here, we choose to study the interaction of classical light with small metal particles of arbitrary shape. Specifically, we consider a physical model that is capable of observing the transition from bulk material properties to nanoscale structures, for which quantum effects dominate. We then explore the landscape of possible physical responses of such systems, using optimal design techniques to train our intuition.
The prevalent classical model describing the interaction of visible and infrared electromagnetic radiation with nanoscale metallic clusters is based on Mie theory [1]. This local continuum field model which uses empirical values of a bulk material's linear optical response has been used to describe plasmon resonances in nanoparticles [2–4]. However, such a semi-empirical continuum description necessarily breaks down beyond a certain level of coarseness introduced by atomic length scales. Thus, it cannot be used to describe the interface between quantum and classical macroscopic regimes. Moreover, extensions of Mie theory to inhomogeneous cluster shapes are commonly restricted to low-order harmonic expansions (e.g. elliptical distortions) and so do not exhaust the full realm of possible geometric configurations. In addition, near-field applications, such as surface enhanced Raman scattering [5], are most naturally described using a real-space theory that includes the non-local electronic response of inhomogeneous structures, again beyond the scope of Mie theory.
In the following section we describe a microscopic approach that demonstrates the breakdown of this concept at atomic scales, whereas for large cluster sizes the classical predictions for the plasmon resonances are reproduced.