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Two faces of rem sleep in normal and psychopathological development
- R. Kirov, H. Uebel, B. Albrecht, T. Banaschewski, A. Rothenberger, Sleep in Child Psychiatric Disorders
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, pp. 422-423
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922 – Increased Frequency Of Sdb And Plms Is Associated With Lower Rem-sleep Amount In Common Child Psychopathology And Normally Developing Children
- R. Kirov, H. Uebel, B. Albrecht, L. Heckel, T. Banaschewski, A. Rothenberger, Sleep in Child Psychiatric Disorders
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, 28-E365
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Introduction
Sleep problems in children with common psychiatric disorders present a considerable challenge for clinicians in developing effective diagnosis and treatment strategies. Whilst sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) are very frequent in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which can deviate sleep architecture, their co-existence in Tic disorder (TD) and ADHD/TD co-morbidity is less well understood.
ObjectivesTo investigate the frequency of SDB and PLMS across children with ADHD, TD and ADHD/TD co-morbidity compared with healthy peers.
AimsWe asked whether and how the frequency of SDB and PLMS relates to sleep architecture.
MethodsTwenty-four children with ADHD, 21 with TD, 21 with ADHD/TD co-morbidity and 22 healthy controls underwent a two-night polysomnography supplemented by monitoring of apnea-hypopnea (AH) and PLMS events per hour of total sleep time.
ResultsCompared with controls, only ADHD children displayed a significantly higher AH and PLMS indices. Yet correlation analyses showed significant and negative association between AH and PLMS indices and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep amount in all, the ADHD, the TD (Fig. 1), the co-morbid, and the control (Fig. 2) groups. No such associations with the other sleep stages were found for all the groups.
[Figure 1]
ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest that
(1) presence of co-existing sleep-related disorders may partially explain the contradicting sleep results found so far in children with ADHD,
(2) high frequency of SDB and PLMS could be associated with REM sleep reduction regardless of psychopathology.
The impact of an electronic medical record nudge on reducing testing for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection
- Jessica R. Howard-Anderson, Mary Elizabeth Sexton, Chad Robichaux, Zanthia Wiley, Jay B. Varkey, Sujit Suchindran, Benjamin Albrecht, K. Ashley Jones, Scott K. Fridkin, Jesse T. Jacob
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue 4 / April 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2020, pp. 411-417
- Print publication:
- April 2020
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Objective:
To determine the effect of an electronic medical record (EMR) nudge at reducing total and inappropriate orders testing for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI).
Design:An interrupted time series analysis of HO-CDI orders 2 years before and 2 years after the implementation of an EMR intervention designed to reduce inappropriate HO-CDI testing. Orders for C. difficile testing were considered inappropriate if the patient had received a laxative or stool softener in the previous 24 hours.
Setting:Four hospitals in an academic healthcare network.
Patients:All patients with a C. difficile order after hospital day 3.
Intervention:Orders for C. difficile testing in patients administered a laxative or stool softener in <24 hours triggered an EMR alert defaulting to cancellation of the order (“nudge”).
Results:Of the 17,694 HO-CDI orders, 7% were inappropriate (8% prentervention vs 6% postintervention; P < .001). Monthly HO-CDI orders decreased by 21% postintervention (level-change rate ratio [RR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.86), and the rate continued to decrease (postintervention trend change RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–1.00). The intervention was not associated with a level change in inappropriate HO-CDI orders (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.61–1.05), but the postintervention inappropriate order rate decreased over time (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.97).
Conclusion:An EMR nudge to minimize inappropriate ordering for C. difficile was effective at reducing HO-CDI orders, and likely contributed to decreasing the inappropriate HO-CDI order rate after the intervention.
Triadic resonances in precessing rapidly rotating cylinder flows
- T. Albrecht, H. M. Blackburn, J. M. Lopez, R. Manasseh, P. Meunier
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 778 / 10 September 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 July 2015, R1
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Direct numerical simulations of flows in cylinders subjected to both rapid rotation and axial precession are presented and analysed in the context of a stability theory based on the triadic resonance of Kelvin modes. For a case that was chosen to provide a finely tuned resonant instability with a small nutation angle, the simulations are in good agreement with the theory and previous experiments in terms of mode shapes and dynamics, including long-time-scale regularization of the flow and recurrent collapses. Cases not tuned to the most unstable triad, but with the nutation angle still small, are also in quite good agreement with theoretical predictions, showing that the presence of viscosity makes the physics of the triadic-resonance model robust to detuning. Finally, for a case with $45^{\circ }$ nutation angle for which it has been suggested that resonance does not occur, the simulations show that a slowly growing triadic resonance predicted by theory is in fact observed if sufficient evolution time is allowed.
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- By Ralph M. Albrecht, Orlando J. Castejón, Joaquin De Juan, Vladimir Dusevich, J. David Eick, Giuseppe Familiari, Yasuhisa Fujii, Rosemarie Heyn, Katharina Höhn, Jens M. Holl, S. Inaga, Andres Kaech, Jan A. Litwin, Miriam S. Lucas, Jennifer R. Melander, Daryl A. Meyer, Adam J. Miodonski, T. Naguro, H. Nakane, Shinichi Ohno, Nobuhiko Ohno, O. E. Olorundare, Luciano Petruzziello, Michela Relucenti, Alejandro Romero, Michaela Sailer, Heide Schatten, Christopher Schmid, Elizabeth Schroeder-Reiter, Sol Sepsenwol, Nobuo Terada, Jerzy Walocha, Paul Walther, Gerhard Wanner, Peter Wild, Elizabeth R. Wright
- Edited by Heide Schatten, University of Missouri, Columbia
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- Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences
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- 05 January 2013
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- 06 December 2012, pp ix-xii
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Familiality of neural preparation and response control in childhood attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
- B. Albrecht, D. Brandeis, H. Uebel, L. Valko, H. Heinrich, R. Drechsler, A. Heise, U. C. Müller, H.-C. Steinhausen, A. Rothenberger, T. Banaschewski
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 43 / Issue 9 / September 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 December 2012, pp. 1997-2011
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Background
Patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit difficulties in multiple attentional functions. Although high heritability rates suggest a strong genetic impact, aetiological pathways from genes and environmental factors to the ADHD phenotype are not well understood. Tracking the time course of deviant task processing using event-related electrophysiological brain activity should characterize the impact of familiality on the sequence of cognitive functions from preparation to response control in ADHD.
MethodPreparation and response control were assessed using behavioural and electrophysiological parameters of two versions of a cued continuous performance test with varying attentional load in boys with ADHD combined type (n = 97), their non-affected siblings (n = 27) and control children without a family history of ADHD (n = 43).
ResultsChildren with ADHD and non-affected siblings showed more variable performance and made more omission errors than controls. The preparatory Cue-P3 and contingent negative variation (CNV) following cues were reduced in both ADHD children and their non-affected siblings compared with controls. The NoGo-P3 was diminished in ADHD compared with controls whilst non-affected siblings were located intermediate but did not differ from both other groups. No clear familiality effects were found for the Go-P3. Better task performance was further associated with higher CNV and P3 amplitudes.
ConclusionsImpairments in performance and electrophysiological parameters reflecting preparatory processes and to some extend also for inhibitory response control, especially under high attentional load, appeared to be familially driven in ADHD and may thus constitute functionally relevant endophenotypes for the disorder.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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The relationship between ADHD and key cognitive phenotypes is not mediated by shared familial effects with IQ
- A. C. Wood, F. Rijsdijk, K. A. Johnson, P. Andreou, B. Albrecht, A. Arias-Vasquez, J. K. Buitelaar, G. McLoughlin, N. N. J. Rommelse, J. A. Sergeant, E. J. S. Sonuga-Barke, H. Uebel, J. J. van der Meere, T. Banaschewski, M. Gill, I. Manor, A. Miranda, F. Mulas, R. D. Oades, H. Roeyers, A. Rothenberger, H. C. Steinhausen, S. V. Faraone, P. Asherson, J. Kuntsi
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 41 / Issue 4 / April 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 June 2010, pp. 861-871
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Background
Twin and sibling studies have identified specific cognitive phenotypes that may mediate the association between genes and the clinical symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is also associated with lower IQ scores. We aimed to investigate whether the familial association between measures of cognitive performance and the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is mediated through shared familial influences with IQ.
MethodMultivariate familial models were run on data from 1265 individuals aged 6–18 years, comprising 920 participants from ADHD sibling pairs and 345 control participants. Cognitive assessments included a four-choice reaction time (RT) task, a go/no-go task, a choice–delay task and an IQ assessment. The analyses focused on the cognitive variables of mean RT (MRT), RT variability (RTV), commission errors (CE), omission errors (OE) and choice impulsivity (CI).
ResultsSignificant familial association (rF) was confirmed between cognitive performance and both ADHD (rF=0.41–0.71) and IQ (rF=−0.25 to −0.49). The association between ADHD and cognitive performance was largely independent (80–87%) of any contribution from etiological factors shared with IQ. The exception was for CI, where 49% of the overlap could be accounted for by the familial variance underlying IQ.
ConclusionsThe aetiological factors underlying lower IQ in ADHD seem to be distinct from those between ADHD and RT/error measures. This suggests that lower IQ does not account for the key cognitive impairments observed in ADHD. The results have implications for molecular genetic studies designed to identify genes involved in ADHD.
Flexible Magnetics: Magnetic Lithography and Fabrication of Magnetic Masks on Thin Plastic Substrates
- Z. Z. Bandić, H. Xu, J.E.E. Baglin, T. R. Albrecht
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 769 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, H7.1
- Print publication:
- 2003
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Flexible magnetic lithography is a process qualitatively analogous to contact optical lithography which transfers information from a patterned magnetic mask (analog of optical photomask) to magnetic media (analog of photoresist), and is interesting for applications in instantaneous parallel magnetic recording. The magnetic mask consists of patterned soft magnetic material (FeNiCo, FeCo) on a flexible plastic substrate, typically Polyethylene Teraphtalate (PET). When uniformly magnetized media is brought into intimate contact with the magnetic mask, an externally applied magnetic field selectively changes the magnetic orientation in the areas not covered with the soft magnetic material. Flexible substrate of the magnetic mask o.ers superior compliance to magnetic media which is likely to have imperfect flatness and surface particulate contamination.
Although magnetic in physical nature, flexible magnetics draws interesting parallels to flexible electronics, especially in challenges of fabrication of sub-micron patterns on thin flexible plastic substrates. We fabricated samples of sub-micron patterned FeCo and FeNiCo magnetic masks on PET substrates by using combined lamination/release process of PET films. Rigid substrates, typically silicon or quartz were initially laminated with PET films and processed using standard fabrication procedures. After completing magnetic mask device fabrication, PET films were released from the rigid substrates.
We successfully transferred patterns from magnetic masks to hard disk CrPtCo-based magnetic media. The details of the method, including physics of the magnetic lithography pattern transfer, fabrication of the magnetic mask on flexible PET substrates, lamination and release of PET films, and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of the magnetic transition patterns are reported.
Working Group on Spectroscopic Data Archives: (Groupe De Travail Pour Les Archives De Donnees Spectroscopiques)
- Elizabeth Griffin, M. Albrecht, M. Bessell, A. Cameron, R. Coluzzi, C. Corbally, T. Gandet, H. Hensberge, S. Ilovaisky, H. Levato, H. Maehara, T. Misch, D. Montes, L. Pasinetti, N. Polosukhina, P. Skoda, R. Stathakis, F. Valdes, M. Villada, R. Viotti, F. Younger
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- Journal:
- Transactions of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 25 / Issue 1 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2016, p. 270
- Print publication:
- 2002
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Thermal Modeling of III-nitride Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors
- T. Li, P.P. Ruden, J.D. Albrecht, M.G. Ancona, R. Anholt
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 622 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 March 2011, T6.26.1
- Print publication:
- 2000
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The output characteristics of AlGaN/GaN semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistors are strongly dependent on the ambient temperature of the channel region due to relatively large variations in the electron drift velocity with temperature. A model to simulate the heat flow in AlGaN/GaN HFETs on sapphire and SiC substrates is presented. The non- linearity of the problem arising from the temperature dependencies of the III-nitride and substrate thermal conductivities is examined through the technique of self-consistent boundary conditions. It is found that the use of the linearizing Kirchhoff transformation is a good approximation for these systems. Alternative approaches of heatsinking the devices from the top of the wafer are explored also.
Production and Analysis of High Resolution Polymer Replicas of Fibrillar Collagen
- P. Sims, B. Todd, S. Eppell, T. Li, K. Park, R. Albrecht
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 5 / Issue S2 / August 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 July 2020, pp. 398-399
- Print publication:
- August 1999
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Adherent cells generally construct the immediate substrate upon which they reside. This may occur via synthesis and secretion of new materials and/or by rearrangement and modification of existing substrate. The response of adherent cell types to an existing substrate can be influenced by a number of factors which include both the chemical and physical nature of the substrate. Cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and death can all be substrate dependent. Much effort has been directed toward chemical modification of substrates to regulate one or more of the parameters noted above. A significant, but somewhat smaller, degree of attention has been paid to the effects of the topography and microtopography on the cell response to substrate materials. Studies to date strongly suggest the topography is a significant factor in cell-substrate interactions. As noted above, it is most probable that both the chemistry and the structure of a substrate simultaneously influence the cellular response. However we wished to determine, particularly for artificial substrates, the role which microtopography can play in cell-substrate interactions.
Characterization of Titanium Alloy Particulates to Study the in Vitro Release of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes.
- B.J. Darien, P. Sims, T. Robinson, P. Manley, R. Albrecht
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 4 / Issue S2 / July 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 July 2020, pp. 940-941
- Print publication:
- July 1998
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Particulate wear debris found around joint arthroplasties has been linked to the premature failure of artificial joints. Cytokines and eicosanoids released by macrophages are known mediators of inflammation and osteolysis. Previous in vitro studies of wear debris-mediated inflammation have relied upon poorly characterized particulates and peripheral blood cell fractions of mixed cellular composition. The objective of this study was to utilize titanium particulates that closely match wear debris found around joint arthroplasties and to study their effects on the biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators by isolated monocytes.
To mimic wear debris that surrounds artificial joints, titanium alloy particulates (1-3 μm in diameter) were obtained. A submicron fraction of these particulates was isolated by differential sedimentation. The morphology, size and concentration of the resulting population was characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy. Titanium particulate size was estimated from photomicrographs of calibrated latex microspheres mixed with titanium particles (Figure 1). A known volume of titanium particulates in suspension was applied to a carbon planchette and allowed to dry.
Luminescence Related to Stacking Faults in Heterepitaxially Grown Wurtzite GaN
- M. Albrecht, S. Christiansen, G. Salviati, C. Zanotti-Fregonara, Y. T. Rebane, Y. G. Shreter, M. Mayer, A. Pelzmann, M. Kamp, K. J. Ebeling, M. D. Bremser, R. F. Davis, H. P. Strunk
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 468 / 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 293
- Print publication:
- 1997
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We correlate structure analyzed by transmission electron microscopy with photo- and cathodoluminescence studies of GaN/Al2O3(0001) and GaN/SiC(0001) and show that an additional UV line at 364nm/3.4eV can be connected to the occurrence of stacking faults. We explain the occurrence of this line by a model that is based on the concept of excitons bound to stacking faults that form a quantum well of cubic material in the wurtzite lattice of the layer material. The model is in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations.
Cathodoluminescence Studies of Bound Excitons and Near Band Gap Emission Lines in Boron- and Phosphorus-Doped CVD-Diamonds
- H. Sternschulte, T. Albrecht, K. Thonke, R. Sauer, M. Grieβer, M. Grasserbauer
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 423 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 693
- Print publication:
- 1996
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Cathodoluminescence measurements at cryogenic temperatures are reported on boron- and phosphorus-doped CVD-diamond films grown on silicon substrates. Boron and phosphorus concentrations were determined by SIMS measurements; for boron, they reached from unintentional background doping levels up to 3500 ppm. At increasing boron concentrations, the radiative recombination of boron bound excitons (BEto) at 5.22 eV photon energy systematically broadens and shifts down to 4.99 eV whereas the free exciton emission (FEto) disappears for 40 ppm and higher. In the phosphorus-doped films we observe new lines at 5.16 eV and 4.99 eV which we ascribe to TO- and (TO+Or)-phonon assisted transitions of an exciton bound to a shallow impurity other than boron, possibly phosphorus or a phosphorus-related shallow complex.
Trapping Behavior of Thin Siliconoxynitride Layers Prepared by Rapid Thermal Processing
- R. Beyer, H. Burghardt, R. Reich, E. Thomas, D. Grambole, F. Herrmann, T. Scholz, J. Albrecht, D. R. T. Zahn, T. Gessner
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 428 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 421
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- 1996
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Siliconoxynitride layers with thicknesses between 5 and 10 nm were grown on (100) oriented silicon by rapid thermal processing (RTP) using either N2O or NH3 as nitridant. In order to study the trapping behaviour at the interface and in the insulator bulk, capacitance-voltage (CV) and current-voltage (IV) measurements have been performed combined with different magnitudes of Fowler-Nordheim stress. In addition, Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) has been applied for interface state detection. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) has been used to obtain depth profiles for Si, N, O and C. The deconvolution of the AES signal displays significant peak contributions related to intermedium oxidation states. Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) was successfully applied for hydrogen detection in buried SiOxNy thin films.