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Energy balance and occupational activity as predictors of obesity risk in women.
- Luciana Torquati, Gregore I. Mielke, Tracy L. Kolbe-Alexander, Wendy J. Brown
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E461
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Reduced occupational energy expenditure and increased energy intake are important contributors to the increasing prevalence of obesity. The aim of this study was to examine whether sedentary occupations, and specific indicators of energy intake and expenditure are associated with obesity risk in Australian women. Data were from 3,444 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, who reported their weight, dietary intake, physical activity and occupation in 2009 (at age 31–36), and weight in 2012. Participants were categorised as having a ‘less sedentary’ or ‘sedentary work’, based on occupation and activity patterns at work. Multivariate models were conducted to examine the odds of being obese (> 30 body-mass index) and risk of obesity in the two occupational groups based on energy balance factors (diet and physical activity). Models were adjusted for major confounders (smoking, education, income, number of children).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between groups (20.3% less sedentary vs 22.7% sedentary work, p = 0.11) at baseline. Being in the highest total energy intake tertile, saturated fat intake > 35g/d and drinking 3 or more sugar-sweetened beverages per week increased the odds of being obese in both groups. But to a higher extent in ‘less sedentary work’ (OR 2.11 95%CI 1.41–3.19; OR 3.04 95%CI 2.09–4.45; 2.07 95%CI 1.45–2.97, respectively). High physical activity (> 1000MET.min/week) was consistently associated with lower odds of being obese (OR 0.64 95%CI 0.43–0.97 ‘less sedentary’; OR 0.58 95%CI 0.36–0.93 ‘sedentary work’) but lower incidence of obesity only in ‘less sedentary work’ group (IRR 0.52 95%CI 0.30–0.88, absolute risk 14%). High sugar-sweetened beverages increased the incidence of obesity only in this group (IRR 1.72 95%CI 1.08–2.73, absolute risk 23%). Having a sedentary work per se did not play a major role in obesity prevalence and risk in women. Instead, high saturated fat and SSB intake, and physical inactivity remained the major contributors to obesity prevalence and risk, particularly for those in less sedentary jobs.
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- By Mark Aronoff, Bernard Bate, Balthasar Bickel, Roger M. Blench, Robert B. Brandom, Penelope Brown, Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen, Dan Dediu, Mark Dingemanse, R. M. W. Dixon, Penelope Eckert, N. J. Enfield, Paja Faudree, Luke Fleming, Simeon Floyd, Suzanne Gaskins, Ilana Gershon, Susan Goldin-Meadow, Magnus Pharao Hansen, Paul Kockelman, Michael Lempert, Stephen C. Levinson, Paul Manning, Irit Meir, Shaylih Muehlmann, Carol Padden, Keren Rice, Alan Rumsey, Wendy Sandler, Jack Sidnell, Michael Silverstein, Rupert Stasch, David Tavárez, Sandra A. Thompson
- Edited by N. J. Enfield, Paul Kockelman, Yale University, Connecticut, Jack Sidnell, University of Toronto
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- The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology
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- 05 October 2014
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- 11 September 2014, pp xiii-xiv
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- By Christopher J. Anderson, Candy Gunther Brown, Ted A. Campbell, Morris L. Davis, Wendy J. Deichmann, Dennis C. Dickerson, Maura Jane Farrelly, E. Brooks Holifield, Stan Ingersol, Douglas M. Koskela, Russell E. Richey, Douglas M. Strong, Michael K. Turner, Jason E. Vickers, Laceye C. Warner, Karen B. Westerfield Tucker, Andrew J. Wood, Jennifer L. Woodruff Tait
- Edited by Jason E. Vickers, United Theological Seminary, Ohio
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- The Cambridge Companion to American Methodism
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- 18 December 2013
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- 07 October 2013, pp xi-xiv
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- By Albert Altchek, David H. Barad, Katharine Batt, Yuval Bdolah, Revaz Botchorishvili, Nicolas Bourdel, Michael S. Broder, Douglas N. Brown, Jubilee Brown, Antoine Maurice Bruhat, Michel Canis, Mine S. Cicek, Carmel J. Cohen, Christopher P. Crum, Christina E. Curtin, Liane Deligdisch, Philip J. Di Saia, Ramez N. Eskander, Tamara Finger, David Fishman, Brooke L. Fridley, David M. Gershenson, Norbert Gleicher, Ellen L. Goode, Pierre S. Gordon, Ioannis Gryparis, Jonathan Hecht, Wendy C. Hsiao, Eric C. Huang, Nathan G. Kase, Valentin Kolev, Lale Kostakoglu, Neri Laufer, Anna Laury, Gerard Mage, Angelica Mareş, Maurie Markman, Luciano G. Nardo, Farr R. Nezhat, Sree Durga Patchava, Tanja Pejovic, Catherine M. Phelan, Benoit Rabischong, Jamal Rahaman, David Rodriguez-Buritica, Paul Saenger, Peter Schlosshauer, William L. Simpson, Cardinale B. Smith, Jason Sternchos
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- By Christer Allgulander, David S. Baldwin, Neeltje M. Batelaan, Hany Bissada, Carlos Blanco, Laura B. Bragdon, Angus Brown, Martin Brown, Darren Cotterell, John M. Davis, Jamie M. Dupuy, Naomi A. Fineberg, Martine F. Flament, John R. Geddes, Stephan Heres, Jeffrey Huffman, Jonathan C. Ipser, Werner Kissling, Christopher J. Kratochvil, Stefan Leucht, Michael R. Liebowitz, John S. March, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Michael J. Ostacher, Ilenia Pampaloni, Roy H. Perlis, Luis H. Ripoll, Franklin R. Schneier, Larry J. Siever, Wendy Spettigue, Dan J. Stein, Matthew J. Taylor, Joseph Triebwasser, Anton J. L. M. Van Balkom, Wim van den Brink, Brigette S. Vaughan, Sarah Waldman
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- Essential Evidence-Based Psychopharmacology
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- 05 July 2012, pp vi-vii
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- By Kumar Alagappan, Janet G. Alteveer, Kim Askew, Paul S. Auerbach, Katherine Bakes, Kip Benko, Paul D. Biddinger, Victoria Brazil, Anthony FT Brown, Andrew K. Chang, Alice Chiao, Wendy C. Coates, Jamie Collings, Gilbert Abou Dagher, Jonathan E. Davis, Peter DeBlieux, Alessandro Dellai, Emily Doelger, Pamela L. Dyne, Gino Farina, Robert Galli, Gus M. Garmel, Daniel Garza, Laleh Gharahbaghian, Gregory H. Gilbert, Michael A. Gisondi, Steven Go, Jeffrey M. Goodloe, Swaminatha V. Gurudevan, Micelle J. Haydel, Stephen R. Hayden, Corey R. Heitz, Gregory W. Hendey, Mel Herbert, Cherri Hobgood, Michelle Huston, Loretta Jackson-Williams, Anja K. Jaehne, Mary Beth Johnson, H. Brendan Kelleher, Peter G Kumasaka, Melissa J. Lamberson, Mary Lanctot-Herbert, Erik Laurin, Brian Lin, Michelle Lin, Douglas Lowery-North, Sharon E. Mace, S. V. Mahadevan, Thomas M. Mailhot, Diku Mandavia, David E. Manthey, Jorge A. Martinez, Amal Mattu, Lynne McCullough, Steve McLaughlin, Timothy Meyers, Gregory J. Moran, Randall T. Myers, Christopher R.H. Newton, Flavia Nobay, Robert L. Norris, Catherine Oliver, Jennifer A. Oman, Rita Oregon, Phillips Perera, Susan B. Promes, Emanuel P. Rivers, John S. Rose, Carolyn J. Sachs, Jairo I. Santanilla, Rawle A. Seupaul, Fred A. Severyn, Ghazala Q. Sharieff, Lee W. Shockley, Stefanie Simmons, Barry C. Simon, Shannon Sovndal, George Sternbach, Matthew Strehlow, Eustacia (Jo) Su, Stuart P. Swadron, Jeffrey A. Tabas, Sophie Terp, R. Jason Thurman, David A. Wald, Sarah R. Williams, Teresa S. Wu, Ken Zafren
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- 10 April 2012, pp xi-xvi
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- By Candice A. Alfano, J. Todd Arnedt, Alon Y. Avidan, Ruth M. Benca, Jed E. Black, Katy Borodkin, Kirk J. Brower, Ritchie E. Brown, Daniel J. Buysse, Dani Choufani, Deirdre A. Conroy, Samuele Cortese, Yaron Dagan, Joel E. Dimsdale, Karl Doghramji, Fabio Ferrarelli, Marcos G. Frank, Philip R. Gehrman, Chad C. Hagen, J. Allan Hobson, Magdolna Hornyak, Thomas D. Hurwitz, Anna Ivanenko, Andrew D. Krystal, Michel Lecendreux, In-Soo Lee, Robert W. McCarley, James T. McKenna, Valerie McLaughlin Crabtree, Thomas A. Mellman, Marta Novak, Michael Perlis, Aimee L. Pierce, David T. Plante, Donn Posner, Allen C. Richert, Dieter Riemann, Carlos H. Schenck, Michael Schredl, Gregory Stores, Andras Szentkiralyi, Michael E. Thase, Wendy M. Troxel, John W. Winkelman
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- Foundations of Psychiatric Sleep Medicine
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- 01 June 2011
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- 23 December 2010, pp vii-x
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. 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- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- By Annie S. Anderson, James Barry, Eve Blair, Laura Brown, Sirinuch Chomtho, Rana Conway, Adrienne Cullum, Alan T. Davis, Mary Fewtrell, Lorraine Gambling, Y. Ingrid Goh, William W. Hay, William C. Heird, Louise Kenny, Christopher H. Knight, Wing Yee Kwong, Barbara Luke, Harry J. McArdle, Fergus McCarthy, Karin B. Michels, Ian M. Morison, Leslie Myatt, James D. Paauw, Theresa Powell, Shobha Rao, Tim Regnault, Wolf Reik, Jacques Rigo, Paul Rozance, Thibault Senterre, Kevin D. Sinclair, Alison C. Tse, Wendy L. Wrieden, Chittaranjan Yajnik
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- Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation
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- 26 February 2010
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- By Nicholas B. Allen, Stephanie Assuras, Robert M. Bilder, Joan C. Borod, John L. Bradshaw, Warrick J. Brewer, Ariel Brown, Nik Brown, Tyrone Cannon, Audrey Carstensen, Cameron S. Carter, Luke Clark, Phyllis Chua, Thilo Deckersbach, Richard A. Depue, Tali Ditman, Aleksey Dumer, David E. Fleck, Lara Foland-Ross, Judith M. Ford, Nelson Freimer, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Nathan A. Gates, Terry E. Goldberg, George Graham, Igor Grant, Melissa J. Green, Michelle M. Halfacre, Wendy Heller, John D. Herrington, Garry D. Honey, Jennifer E. Iudicello, Henry J. Jackson, J. David Jentsch, Donald Kalar, Paul Keedwell, Ester Klimkeit, Nancy S. Koven, Donna A. Kreher, Gina R. Kuperberg, Edythe London, Dan I. Lubman, Daniel H. Mathalon, Patrick D. McGorry, Philip McGuire, George R. Mangun, Gregory A. Miller, Albert Newen, Jack B. Nitschke, Jaak Panksepp, Christos Pantelis, Mary Philips, Russell A. Poldrack, Scott L. Rauch, Susan M. Ravizza, Steven Paul Reise, Nicole Rinehart, Angela Rizk-Jackson, Trevor W. Robbins, Tamara A. Russell, Fred W. Sabb, Cary R. Savage, Kimberley R. Savage, J. Cobb Scott, Marc L. Seal, Larry J. Seidman, Paula K. Shear, Marisa M. Silveri, Nadia Solowij, Laura Southgate, G. Lynn Stephens, D. Stott Parker, Stephen M. Strakowski, Simon A. Surguladze, Kate Tchanturia, René Testa, Janet Treasure, Eve M. Valera, Kai Vogeley, Anthony P. Weiss, Sarah Whittle, Stephen J. Wood, Steven Paul Woods, Murat Yücel, Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Edited by Stephen J. Wood, University of Melbourne, Nicholas B. Allen, University of Melbourne, Christos Pantelis, University of Melbourne
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- Book:
- The Neuropsychology of Mental Illness
- Published online:
- 10 May 2010
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- 01 October 2009, pp xv-xx
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An experimental meat-free diet maintained haematological characteristics in sprint-racing sled dogs
- Wendy Y. Brown, Barbara A. Vanselow, Andrew J. Redman, John R. Pluske
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 102 / Issue 9 / 14 November 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 2009, pp. 1318-1323
- Print publication:
- 14 November 2009
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A dog's nutrient requirements can theoretically be met from a properly balanced meat-free diet; however, proof for this is lacking. Exercise places additional demands on the body, and dogs fed a meat-free diet may be at increased risk of developing sports anaemia. We hypothesised that exercising dogs would remain in good health and not develop anaemia when fed a nutritionally balanced meat-free diet. To this end, twelve sprint-racing Siberian huskies were fed either a commercial diet recommended for active dogs (n 6), or a meat-free diet formulated to the same nutrient specifications (n 6). The commercial diet contained 43 % poultry meal, whereas soyabean meal and maize gluten made up 43 % of the meat-free diet, as the main protein ingredients. Dogs were fed these diets as their sole nutrient intake for 16 weeks, including 10 weeks of competitive racing. Blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 3, 8 and 16, and veterinary health checks were conducted at weeks 0, 8 and 16. Haematology results for all dogs, irrespective of diet, were within normal range throughout the study and the consulting veterinarian assessed all dogs to be in excellent physical condition. No dogs in the present study developed anaemia. On the contrary, erythrocyte counts and Hb values increased significantly over time (P < 0·01) in both groups of dogs. The present study is the first to demonstrate that a carefully balanced meat-free diet can maintain normal haematological values in exercising dogs.
How does the health and well-being of young Australian vegetarian and semi-vegetarian women compare with non-vegetarians?
- Surinder Baines, Jennifer Powers, Wendy J Brown
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 10 / Issue 5 / May 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 2007, pp. 436-442
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Objective
To compare the sociodemographic characteristics, health status and health service use of vegetarians, semi-vegetarians and non-vegetarians.
DesignIn cross-sectional data analyses of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health in 2000, 9113 women (aged 22–27 years) were defined as non-vegetarians if they reported including red meat in their diet, as semi-vegetarians if they excluded red meat and as vegetarians if they excluded meat, poultry and fish from their diet.
ResultsThe estimated prevalence was 3% and 10% for vegetarian and semi-vegetarian young women. Compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarians and semi-vegetarians were more likely to live in urban areas and to not be married. Vegetarians and semi-vegetarians had lower body mass index (mean (95% confidence interval): 22.2 (21.7–22.7) and 23.0 (22.7–23.3) kg m− 2) than non-vegetarians (23.7 (23.6–23.8) kg m− 2) and tended to exercise more. Semi-vegetarians and vegetarians had poorer mental health, with 21–22% reporting depression compared with 15% of non-vegetarians (P < 0.001). Low iron levels and menstrual symptoms were also more common in both vegetarian groups. Vegetarian and semi-vegetarian women were more likely to consult alternative health practitioners and semi-vegetarians reported taking more prescription and non-prescription medications. Compared with non-vegetarians, semi-vegetarians were less likely and vegetarians much less likely to be taking the oral contraceptive pill.
ConclusionThe levels of physical activity and body mass indices of the vegetarian and semi-vegetarian women suggest they are healthier than non-vegetarians. However, the greater reports of menstrual problems and the poorer mental health of these young women may be of clinical significance.
Relationships between nutrition screening checklists and the health and well-being of older Australian women
- Amanda J Patterson, Anne F Young, Jennifer R Powers, Wendy J Brown, Julie E Byles
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / February 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2007, pp. 65-71
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Objectives:
To examine associations between nutrition screening checklists and the health of older women.
Design:Cross-sectional postal survey including measures of health and health service utilisation, as well as the Australian Nutrition Screening Initiative (ANSI), adapted from the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI).
Setting:Australia, 1996.
Subjects:In total, 12 939 women aged 70–75 years randomly selected as part of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.
Results:Responses to individual items in the ANSI checklist, and ANSI and NSI scores, were associated with measures of health and health service utilisation. Women with high ANSI and NSI scores had poorer physical and mental health, higher health care utilisation and were less likely to be in the acceptable weight range. The performance of an unweighted score (TSI) was also examined and showed similar results. Whereas ANSI classified 30% of the women as ‘high-risk’, only 13% and 12% were classified as ‘high-risk’ by the NSI and TSI, respectively. However, for identifying women with body mass index outside the acceptable range, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for all of these checklists were less than 60%.
Conclusions:Higher scores on both the ANSI and NSI are associated with poorer health. The simpler unweighted method of scoring the ANSI (TSI) showed better discrimination for the identification of ‘at risk’ women than the weighted ANSI method. The predictive value of individual items and the checklist scores need to be examined longitudinally.
Looking Backward, Looking Forward: MLA Members Speak
- April Alliston, Elizabeth Ammons, Jean Arnold, Nina Baym, Sandra L. Beckett, Peter G. Beidler, Roger A. Berger, Sandra Bermann, J.J. Wilson, Troy Boone, Alison Booth, Wayne C. Booth, James Phelan, Marie Borroff, Ihab Hassan, Ulrich Weisstein, Zack Bowen, Jill Campbell, Dan Campion, Jay Caplan, Maurice Charney, Beverly Lyon Clark, Robert A. Colby, Thomas C. Coleman III, Nicole Cooley, Richard Dellamora, Morris Dickstein, Terrell Dixon, Emory Elliott, Caryl Emerson, Ann W. Engar, Lars Engle, Kai Hammermeister, N. N. Feltes, Mary Anne Ferguson, Annie Finch, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Jerry Aline Flieger, Norman Friedman, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Sandra M. Gilbert, Laurie Grobman, George Guida, Liselotte Gumpel, R. K. Gupta, Florence Howe, Cathy L. Jrade, Richard A. Kaye, Calhoun Winton, Murray Krieger, Robert Langbaum, Richard A. Lanham, Marilee Lindemann, Paul Michael Lützeler, Thomas J. Lynn, Juliet Flower MacCannell, Michelle A. Massé, Irving Massey, Georges May, Christian W. Hallstein, Gita May, Lucy McDiarmid, Ellen Messer-Davidow, Koritha Mitchell, Robin Smiles, Kenyatta Albeny, George Monteiro, Joel Myerson, Alan Nadel, Ashton Nichols, Jeffrey Nishimura, Neal Oxenhandler, David Palumbo-Liu, Vincent P. Pecora, David Porter, Nancy Potter, Ronald C. Rosbottom, Elias L. Rivers, Gerhard F. Strasser, J. L. Styan, Marianna De Marco Torgovnick, Gary Totten, David van Leer, Asha Varadharajan, Orrin N. C. Wang, Sharon Willis, Louise E. Wright, Donald A. Yates, Takayuki Yokota-Murakami, Richard E. Zeikowitz, Angelika Bammer, Dale Bauer, Karl Beckson, Betsy A. Bowen, Stacey Donohue, Sheila Emerson, Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Jay L. Halio, Karl Kroeber, Terence Hawkes, William B. Hunter, Mary Jambus, Willard F. King, Nancy K. Miller, Jody Norton, Ann Pellegrini, S. P. Rosenbaum, Lorie Roth, Robert Scholes, Joanne Shattock, Rosemary T. VanArsdel, Alfred Bendixen, Alarma Kathleen Brown, Michael J. Kiskis, Debra A. Castillo, Rey Chow, John F. Crossen, Robert F. Fleissner, Regenia Gagnier, Nicholas Howe, M. Thomas Inge, Frank Mehring, Hyungji Park, Jahan Ramazani, Kenneth M. Roemer, Deborah D. Rogers, A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff, Regina M. Schwartz, John T. Shawcross, Brenda R. Silver, Andrew von Hendy, Virginia Wright Wexman, Britta Zangen, A. Owen Aldridge, Paula R. Backscheider, Roland Bartel, E. M. Forster, Milton Birnbaum, Jonathan Bishop, Crystal Downing, Frank H. Ellis, Roberto Forns-Broggi, James R. Giles, Mary E. Giles, Susan Blair Green, Madelyn Gutwirth, Constance B. Hieatt, Titi Adepitan, Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr., Emanuel Mussman, Sally Todd Nelson, Robert O. Preyer, David Diego Rodriguez, Guy Stern, James Thorpe, Robert J. Wilson, Rebecca S. Beal, Joyce Simutis, Betsy Bowden, Sara Cooper, Wheeler Winston Dixon, Tarek el Ariss, Richard Jewell, John W. Kronik, Wendy Martin, Stuart Y. McDougal, Hugo Méndez-Ramírez, Ivy Schweitzer, Armand E. Singer, G. Thomas Tanselle, Tom Bishop, Mary Ann Caws, Marcel Gutwirth, Christophe Ippolito, Lawrence D. Kritzman, James Longenbach, Tim McCracken, Wolfe S. Molitor, Diane Quantic, Gregory Rabassa, Ellen M. Tsagaris, Anthony C. Yu, Betty Jean Craige, Wendell V. Harris, J. Hillis Miller, Jesse G. Swan, Helene Zimmer-Loew, Peter Berek, James Chandler, Hanna K. Charney, Philip Cohen, Judith Fetterley, Herbert Lindenberger, Julia Reinhard Lupton, Maximillian E. Novak, Richard Ohmann, Marjorie Perloff, Mark Reynolds, James Sledd, Harriet Turner, Marie Umeh, Flavia Aloya, Regina Barreca, Konrad Bieber, Ellis Hanson, William J. Hyde, Holly A. Laird, David Leverenz, Allen Michie, J. Wesley Miller, Marvin Rosenberg, Daniel R. Schwarz, Elizabeth Welt Trahan, Jean Fagan Yellin
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- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 115 / Issue 7 / December 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 1986-2078
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- December 2000
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The effect of daylength on the growth of lambs 3. Level of feeding, age of lamb and speed of gut-fill response
- J. M. Forbes, Wendy B. Brown, A. G. M. Al-Banna, R. Jones
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- Journal:
- Animal Production / Volume 32 / Issue 1 / February 1981
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 September 2010, pp. 23-28
- Print publication:
- February 1981
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Four experiments, each with 24 growing sheep, were carried out to investigate the effects of 8- or 16-h daylengths on growth and carcass characteristics. In the first two experiments, with 6- to 9-month-old castrated males, and 3- to 5-month-old female and castrated male animals, pair feeding of a concentrate feed was adopted. Live-weight gains were significantly greater under 16-h daylength, but carcass weights were not significantly increased because most of the live-weight difference was due to gut-fill. Carcass weights and measurements suggested that long daylength stimulated the growth of non-fat tissues at the expense of fat.
The third experiment compared castrated males fed either ad libitum or restricted to a daily ration proportional to each animal's own weight from 6 to 9 months of age. Food intake was higher in the ad libitum sheep but not significantly so. Weight gains were, however, significantly greater with ad libitum feeding and long daylength, compared with restricted feeding and short daylength, respectively. Gut-fill was greater in those kept in 16 h daylength and the small advantage in carcass weight was not significant. Carcass characteristics were not markedly affected by daylength, while carcass weight and fatness were higher following ad libitum feeding than restricted feeding.
In the fourth experiment 12 female sheep, aged 9 months, were individually rationed according to live weight and slaughtered after 4 weeks exposure to 16- or 8-h daylengths; another 12 were slaughtered after 7 weeks of treatment. Gut-fill was significantly greater in long daylength at both slaughter times, showing that the effect of daylength on gut fill has occurred within 4 weeks of the start of treatment, while live weight has not been observed to be affected at this stage in any experiment in this series.
Overall these experiments show little stimulating effect of long daylength on growth, and a large effect on gut-fill.
The effect of daylength on the growth of lambs 2. Blood concentrations of growth hormone, prolactin, insulin and thyroxine, and the effect of feeding
- J. M. Forbes, P. M. Driver, Wendy B. Brown, C. G. Scanes, I. C. Hart
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- Journal:
- Animal Production / Volume 29 / Issue 1 / August 1979
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 September 2010, pp. 43-51
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- August 1979
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1. The levels of four hormones which might be involved in the control of growth have been measured in the blood of lambs kept in 16 or 8 h daylengths for 4 months in each of two experiments. Under the conditions of these experiments long daylength stimulated growth.
2. Prolactin concentration was significantly increased by long day-length and by ad libitum feeding, compared with short daylength and restricted feeding, respectively.
3. Growth hormone, insulin and thyroxine concentrations were unaffected by daylength. Ad libitum feeding caused lower growth hormone and higher insulin concentrations than restricted feeding, and growth hormone levels fell after the morning feed.
4. Of the hormones measured, prolactin is most worthy of further study as a possible mediator of the effects of long daylength on growth.