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Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with craniofacial malformations - a statistical analysis
- G. Pereira Bernd, V. Dall Agnol Bouvier, T. Brusa da Costa Linn, I. Cho de Almeida, B. de Oliveira de Marchi, L. Guinter Muccillo, C. G. Menezes Chaves Barcellos, C. Paz Portinho, M. V. Martins Collares
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S483-S484
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Introduction
Craniofacial malformations have long been associated with a heightened risk of psychiatric disorders. Understanding this link is crucial, as it can inform early intervention and support for affected individuals, enhancing their overall well-being. Research in this area aims to shed light on the prevalence and nature of these disorders within the craniofacial population, ultimately improving healthcare and quality of life for affected individuals.
ObjectivesThis study aims to establish a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between craniofacial malformations and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, our objectives include: assessing prevalence, identifying risk factors, evaluating impact and informing clinical practice. This research aims to improve the holistic care and mental well-being of individuals with craniofacial malformations, contributing to a more comprehensive approach in the field of psychiatry.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at a prominent referral hospital named Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre during the month of August 2023.
Participant Selection: Patients with craniofacial malformations of all ages and both genders.
Data Collection: We conducted structured interviews with participants to gather demographic information, medical history, and details of their craniofacial conditions.
Medical Records Review: Medical records were reviewed to corroborate craniofacial diagnoses and identify any comorbid conditions.
Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques to assess the association between craniofacial malformations and psychiatric disorders.
Ethical Considerations: The study adhered to all ethical guidelines, with informed consent obtained from participants or their legal guardians. Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital’s Institutional Review Board.
Data Handling: Confidentiality and data security were ensured throughout the study, with all data anonymized to protect participant privacy.
ResultsIn our study, we assessed 132 different patients, comprising 62 females and 70 males. The youngest patient was 2 months old, while the oldest was 56 years old. The mean age of the patients was 16.22 years, with a median of 9 years, a harmonic mean of 18 years, and a standard deviation of 15.23 years.
Among the patients, 24 exhibited psychiatric disorders, evenly split between 12 males and 12 females. Their average age was 16.21 years, with a median of 10 years, a harmonic mean of 6.13, and a standard deviation of 14.57. The youngest patient with evidence of a psychiatric disorder was 2 years old.
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ConclusionsOur study underscores the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among craniofacial patients, which seems to be greater than the general population, emphasizing the need for integrated care that considers both medical and psychological aspects, thus enhancing the overall well-being of these individuals.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Prevalence of Low Self-Esteem Among Patients Treated in the Craniofacial Surgery Department of an international Reference Hospital
- G. Pereira Bernd, V. Dall Agnol Bouvier, T. Brusa da Costa Linn, I. Cho de Almeida, B. de Oliveira de Marchi, L. Guinter Muccillo, C. G. Menezes Chaves Barcellos, C. Paz Portinho, M. V. Martins Collares, R. Ribas Leite
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, pp. S484-S485
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Introduction
Craniofacial surgery is a specialized field that addresses congenital and acquired deformities of the head and face. While the physical outcomes of craniofacial surgery are well-documented, less attention has been given to the psychological well-being of adult patients. This abstract aims to explore self-esteem issues among adult patients treated at the Craniofacial Surgery Sector of HCPA (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre), where a substantial proportion of adult patients have reported self-esteem problems.
Objectives1. To assess the prevalence of self-esteem issues among adult patients (≥18 years old) attending the HCPA Craniofacial Surgery Sector.
2. To examine potential contributing factors to self-esteem problems in this specific patient population.
3. To evaluate the impact of self-esteem on the mental health and psychosocial functioning of adult craniofacial surgery patients.
4. To propose recommendations for psychosocial support and intervention strategies tailored to the needs of adult patients in this context.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 132 adult patients who had undergone or were scheduled for craniofacial surgery at HCPA. Participants reported self-esteem issues in their talk with the hospital’s physicians, and their medical records were reviewed to collect demographic and clinical data. Additionally, participants provided information about their mental health status and psychosocial functioning.
ResultsAmong the 39 adult patients included in the study, 37 (94.9%) reported experiencing self-esteem issues, such as lack of confidence or feeling unattractive. The most commonly reported contributing factors were visible facial differences, social interactions, and prior surgical experiences. Patients with lower self-esteem had a higher likelihood of reporting symptoms of depression and anxiety and reported lower overall psychosocial functioning compared to those with higher self-esteem.
ConclusionsThis reveals a strikingly high prevalence of self-esteem issues among adult patients attending the Craniofacial Surgery Sector at HCPA. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing the psychological well-being of adult craniofacial surgery patients. Comprehensive psychosocial support, including counseling, peer support, and interventions to enhance self-esteem, should be integrated into the care of these patients. By addressing self-esteem concerns, healthcare providers can improve the mental health and overall quality of life of adult craniofacial surgery patients.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Prevalence of psychiatric and cognitive disorders in patients with Pierre-Robin sequence - a statistical analysis
- G. Pereira Bernd, V. Dall Agnol Bouvier, T. Brusa da Costa Linn, I. Cho de Almeida, B. de Oliveira de Marchi, L. Guinter Muccillo, C. G. Menezes Chaves Barcellos, C. Paz Portinho, M. V. Martins Collares
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 67 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 August 2024, p. S485
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Introduction
The Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS), characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate, has long been a subject of clinical interest. Recent research suggests a potential association between PRS and cognitive or psychiatric disorders. This study explores this intriguing connection, shedding light on the complex interplay between craniofacial anomalies and mental health.
ObjectivesThis study aims to establish a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Pierre-Robin Sequence and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, our objectives include: assessing prevalence, evaluating impact and informing clinical practice. This research aims to improve the holistic care and mental well-being of individuals with craniofacial malformations, contributing to a more comprehensive approach in the field of psychiatry.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at a prominent referral hospital named Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, an international reference in Pierre-Robin Sequence, during the month of August 2023.
Participant Selection: Patients with PRS. Inclusion criteria encompassed individuals of all ages and both genders.
Data Collection: Trained medical personnel conducted structured interviews with participants to gather demographic information, medical history, and details of their craniofacial conditions.
Medical Records Review: Medical records were reviewed to corroborate craniofacial diagnoses and identify any comorbid conditions.
Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques to assess the association between PRS and psychiatric disorders.
Ethical Considerations: The study adhered to all ethical guidelines, with informed consent obtained from participants or their legal guardians. Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital’s Institutional Review Board.
Data Handling: Confidentiality and data security were ensured throughout the study, with all data anonymized to protect participant privacy.
ResultsIn our study, we assessed 28 different patients with Pierre-Robin Sequence, comprising 13 females and 15 males. The youngest patient was 2 months old, while the oldest was 22 years old. The mean age of the patients was 4.75 years, with a median of 3 years and a standard deviation of 5.36 years.
Among the patients, 6 exhibited psychiatric disorders, split between 4 males and 2 females. Their average age was 10 years, with a median of 9 years and a standard deviation of 4.2. The youngest patient with evidence of a psychiatric disorder was 5 years old.
ConclusionsThis study underscores a concerning reality within the Pierre-Robin population, pointing to a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated care, emphasizing the importance of early psychiatric assessment and tailored interventions to enhance the overall well-being of individuals facing the challenges of PRS.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How much or how often? Examining the screening properties of the DSM cross-cutting symptom measure in a youth population-based sample
- João Pedro Gonçalves Pacheco, Christian Kieling, Pedro H. Manfro, Ana M. B. Menezes, Helen Gonçalves, Isabel O. Oliveira, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Luis Augusto Rohde, Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
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- Psychological Medicine , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2024, pp. 1-12
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Background
The DSM Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-XC) allows for assessing multiple psychopathological domains. However, its capability to screen for mental disorders in a population-based sample and the impact of adverbial framings (intensity and frequency) on its performance are unknown.
MethodsThe study was based on cross-sectional data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort in Brazil. Participants with completed DSM-XC and structured diagnostic interviews (n = 3578, aged 22, 53.6% females) were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (LR+), and negative (LR−) likelihood ratios for each of the 13 DSM-XC domains were estimated for detecting five internalizing disorders (bipolar, generalized anxiety, major depressive, post-traumatic stress, and social anxiety disorders) and three externalizing disorders (antisocial personality, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and alcohol use disorders). Sensitivities and specificities >0.75, LR+ > 2 and LR− < 0.5 were considered meaningful. Values were calculated for the DSM-XC's original scoring and for adverbial framings.
ResultsSeveral DSM-XC domains demonstrated meaningful screening properties. The anxiety domain exhibited acceptable sensitivity and LR− values for all internalizing disorders. The suicidal ideation, psychosis, memory, repetitive thoughts and behaviors, and dissociation domains displayed acceptable specificity for all disorders. Domains also yielded small but meaningful LR+ values for internalizing disorders. However, LR+ and LR− values were not generally meaningful for externalizing disorders. Frequency-framed questions improved screening properties.
ConclusionsThe DSM-XC domains showed transdiagnostic screening properties, providing small but meaningful changes in the likelihood of internalizing disorders in the community, which can be improved by asking frequency of symptoms compared to intensity. The DSM-XC is currently lacking meaningful domains for externalizing disorders.
Variation of subclinical psychosis across 16 sites in Europe and Brazil: findings from the multi-national EU-GEI study
- Giuseppe D'Andrea, Diego Quattrone, Kathryn Malone, Giada Tripoli, Giulia Trotta, Edoardo Spinazzola, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Hannah E Jongsma, Lucia Sideli, Simona A Stilo, Caterina La Cascia, Laura Ferraro, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Andrea Tortelli, Eva Velthorst, Lieuwe de Haan, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Julio Bobes, Julio Sanjuán, Miguel Bernardo, Celso Arango, James B Kirkbride, Peter B Jones, Bart P Rutten, Jim Van Os, Jean-Paul Selten, Evangelos Vassos, Franck Schürhoff, Andrei Szöke, Baptiste Pignon, Michael O'Donovan, Alexander Richards, Craig Morgan, Marta Di Forti, Ilaria Tarricone, Robin M Murray
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 8 / June 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 January 2024, pp. 1810-1823
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Background
Incidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) varies substantially across geographic regions. Phenotypes of subclinical psychosis (SP), such as psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and schizotypy, present several similarities with psychosis. We aimed to examine whether SP measures varied across different sites and whether this variation was comparable with FEP incidence within the same areas. We further examined contribution of environmental and genetic factors to SP.
MethodsWe used data from 1497 controls recruited in 16 different sites across 6 countries. Factor scores for several psychopathological dimensions of schizotypy and PLEs were obtained using multidimensional item response theory models. Variation of these scores was assessed using multi-level regression analysis to estimate individual and between-sites variance adjusting for age, sex, education, migrant, employment and relational status, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. In the final model we added local FEP incidence as a second-level variable. Association with genetic liability was examined separately.
ResultsSchizotypy showed a large between-sites variation with up to 15% of variance attributable to site-level characteristics. Adding local FEP incidence to the model considerably reduced the between-sites unexplained schizotypy variance. PLEs did not show as much variation. Overall, SP was associated with younger age, migrant, unmarried, unemployed and less educated individuals, cannabis use, and childhood adversity. Both phenotypes were associated with genetic liability to schizophrenia.
ConclusionsSchizotypy showed substantial between-sites variation, being more represented in areas where FEP incidence is higher. This supports the hypothesis that shared contextual factors shape the between-sites variation of psychosis across the spectrum.
Effect of D2R, NMDAR and CB1R genetic variants associated with cannabis use and childhood trauma in first-episode psychosis in a Brazilian population
- C. M. Loureiro, F. Corsi-Zuelli, H. A. Fachim, R. Shuhama, P. R. Menezes, C. F. Dalton, P. Louzada-Junior, S. I. N. Belangero, F. B. Coeli-Lacchini, G. P. Reynolds, R. Lacchini, C. M. Del-Ben
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S255
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Introduction
Gene-environment interactions increase psychosis risk (Gayer-Anderson et al. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55(5):645-657). However, identifying the genetic variants involved and how they interact with environmental risk factors underlying psychosis remains challenging.
ObjectivesTo investigate whether there are gene-environment interactions in the relationships of childhood trauma, lifetime cannabis use, and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R: DRD2), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR: GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B) and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R: CNR1) with psychosis.
MethodsIn a population-based case-control study nested in an incident study (STREAM, Brazil) (Del-Ben et al. Br J of Psychiatry 2019; 215(6):726-729), part of the EU-GEI consortium (Gayer-Anderson et al. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55(5):645-657), 143 first-episode psychosis patients and 286 community-based controls of both sexes aged between 16 and 64 years were included over a period of 3 years. Twenty-three SNVs of D2R (rs1799978, rs7131056, rs6275), NMDAR (GRIN1: rs4880213, rs11146020; GRIN2A: rs1420040, rs11866328; GRIN2B: rs890, rs2098469, rs7298664), and CB1R genes (CNR1: rs806380, rs806379, rs1049353, rs6454674, rs1535255, rs2023239, rs12720071, rs6928499, rs806374, rs7766029, rs806378, rs10485170, rs9450898), were genotyped from peripheral blood DNA using a custom Illumina HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip. Environmental adversities were evaluated using the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire (Di Forti et al. The Lancet Psychiatry 2009; 6(5):427–436) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Grassi-Oliveira et al. Rev Saude Publica 2006; 40(2):249-55). Associations between SNVs and environmental risk factors were performed using the nonparametric multifactor dimensionality reduction software (version 3.0.2).
ResultsSingle locus analysis showed no association among the 23 SNVs with psychosis; however, gene-environment analysis was significant for the polymorphic loci rs12720071 and rs7766029 in CNR1. The best association models were the two-factor representing by the combination of CNR1 rs12720071 with lifetime cannabis use (p<0.001), and CNR1 rs12720071 with childhood trauma (p<0.05), both suggesting an increased risk of psychosis. Additionally, when considering the interaction of both environmental factors in the same model, we found CNR1 rs7766029 to be associated with psychosis (p<0.001).
ConclusionsOur study supports the hypothesis of gene-environment interactions for psychosis involving the T allele carriers of CNR1 SNVs (rs12720071 and rs7766029), childhood trauma and lifetime cannabis use in psychosis.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cannabis use as a potential mediator between childhood adversity and first-episode psychosis: results from the EU-GEI case–control study
- Giulia Trotta, Victoria Rodriguez, Diego Quattrone, Edoardo Spinazzola, Giada Tripoli, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Tom P Freeman, Hannah E Jongsma, Lucia Sideli, Monica Aas, Simona A Stilo, Caterina La Cascia, Laura Ferraro, Daniele La Barbera, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Ilaria Tarricone, Giuseppe D'Andrea, Andrea Tortelli, Franck Schürhoff, Andrei Szöke, Baptiste Pignon, Jean-Paul Selten, Eva Velthorst, Lieuwe de Haan, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Cristina M Del Ben, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Julio Bobes, Julio Sanjuán, Miquel Bernardo, Celso Arango, James B Kirkbride, Peter B Jones, Alexander Richards, Bart P Rutten, Jim Van Os, Isabelle Austin-Zimmerman, Zhikun Li, Craig Morgan, Pak C Sham, Evangelos Vassos, Chloe Wong, Richard Bentall, Helen L Fisher, Robin M Murray, Luis Alameda, Marta Di Forti, EU-GEI WP2 Group
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 15 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 May 2023, pp. 7375-7384
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Background
Childhood adversity and cannabis use are considered independent risk factors for psychosis, but whether different patterns of cannabis use may be acting as mediator between adversity and psychotic disorders has not yet been explored. The aim of this study is to examine whether cannabis use mediates the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis.
MethodsData were utilised on 881 first-episode psychosis patients and 1231 controls from the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Detailed history of cannabis use was collected with the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire was used to assess exposure to household discord, sexual, physical or emotional abuse and bullying in two periods: early (0–11 years), and late (12–17 years). A path decomposition method was used to analyse whether the association between childhood adversity and psychosis was mediated by (1) lifetime cannabis use, (2) cannabis potency and (3) frequency of use.
ResultsThe association between household discord and psychosis was partially mediated by lifetime use of cannabis (indirect effect coef. 0.078, s.e. 0.022, 17%), its potency (indirect effect coef. 0.059, s.e. 0.018, 14%) and by frequency (indirect effect coef. 0.117, s.e. 0.038, 29%). Similar findings were obtained when analyses were restricted to early exposure to household discord.
ConclusionsHarmful patterns of cannabis use mediated the association between specific childhood adversities, like household discord, with later psychosis. Children exposed to particularly challenging environments in their household could benefit from psychosocial interventions aimed at preventing cannabis misuse.
The association between reasons for first using cannabis, later pattern of use, and risk of first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI case–control study
- Edoardo Spinazzola, Diego Quattrone, Victoria Rodriguez, Giulia Trotta, Luis Alameda, Giada Tripoli, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Tom P Freeman, Emma C Johnson, Hannah E Jongsma, Simona Stilo, Caterina La Cascia, Laura Ferraro, Daniele La Barbera, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Ilaria Tarricone, Giuseppe D'Andrea, Michela Galatolo, Andrea Tortelli, Ilaria Tagliabue, Marco Turco, Maurizio Pompili, Jean-Paul Selten, Lieuwe de Haan, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Cristina M Del Ben, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Julio Bobes, Julio Sanjuán, Miguel Bernardo, Celso Arango, James B Kirkbride, Peter B Jones, Michael O'Donovan, Bart P Rutten, Jim Van Os, Craig Morgan, Pak C Sham, Isabelle Austin-Zimmerman, Zhikun Li, Evangelos Vassos, EU-GEI WP2 Group, Robin M Murray, Marta Di Forti
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 15 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 May 2023, pp. 7418-7427
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Background
While cannabis use is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, little is known about any association between reasons for first using cannabis (RFUC) and later patterns of use and risk of psychosis.
MethodsWe used data from 11 sites of the multicentre European Gene-Environment Interaction (EU-GEI) case–control study. 558 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPp) and 567 population controls who had used cannabis and reported their RFUC.
We ran logistic regressions to examine whether RFUC were associated with first-episode psychosis (FEP) case–control status. Path analysis then examined the relationship between RFUC, subsequent patterns of cannabis use, and case–control status.
ResultsControls (86.1%) and FEPp (75.63%) were most likely to report ‘because of friends’ as their most common RFUC. However, 20.1% of FEPp compared to 5.8% of controls reported: ‘to feel better’ as their RFUC (χ2 = 50.97; p < 0.001). RFUC ‘to feel better’ was associated with being a FEPp (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.03–2.95) while RFUC ‘with friends’ was associated with being a control (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.37–0.83). The path model indicated an association between RFUC ‘to feel better’ with heavy cannabis use and with FEPp-control status.
ConclusionsBoth FEPp and controls usually started using cannabis with their friends, but more patients than controls had begun to use ‘to feel better’. People who reported their reason for first using cannabis to ‘feel better’ were more likely to progress to heavy use and develop a psychotic disorder than those reporting ‘because of friends’.
Child maltreatment, migration and risk of first-episode psychosis: results from the multinational EU-GEI study
- Giuseppe D'Andrea, Jatin Lal, Sarah Tosato, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Hannah E. Jongsma, Simona A. Stilo, Els van der Ven, Diego Quattrone, Eva Velthorst, Domenico Berardi, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Celso Arango, Mara Parellada, Antonio Lasalvia, Caterina La Cascia, Laura Ferraro, Daniele La Barbera, Lucia Sideli, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Julio Sanjuán, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Giada Tripoli, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Lieuwe de Haan, Jean-Paul Selten, Andrea Tortelli, Andrei Szöke, Roberto Muratori, Bart P. Rutten, Jim van Os, Peter B. Jones, James B. Kirkbride, Robin M. Murray, Marta di Forti, Ilaria Tarricone, Craig Morgan
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 13 / October 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 October 2022, pp. 6150-6160
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Background
Child maltreatment (CM) and migrant status are independently associated with psychosis. We examined prevalence of CM by migrant status and tested whether migrant status moderated the association between CM and first-episode psychosis (FEP). We further explored whether differences in CM exposure contributed to variations in the incidence rates of FEP by migrant status.
MethodsWe included FEP patients aged 18–64 years in 14 European sites and recruited controls representative of the local populations. Migrant status was operationalized according to generation (first/further) and region of origin (Western/non-Western countries). The reference population was composed by individuals of host country's ethnicity. CM was assessed with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Prevalence ratios of CM were estimated using Poisson regression. We examined the moderation effect of migrant status on the odds of FEP by CM fitting adjusted logistic regressions with interaction terms. Finally, we calculated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for CM by migrant status.
ResultsWe examined 849 FEP cases and 1142 controls. CM prevalence was higher among migrants, their descendants and migrants of non-Western heritage. Migrant status, classified by generation (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 11.3, p = 0.004) or by region of origin (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 11.4, p = 0.003), attenuated the association between CM and FEP. PAFs for CM were higher among all migrant groups compared with the reference populations.
ConclusionsThe higher exposure to CM, despite a smaller effect on the odds of FEP, accounted for a greater proportion of incident FEP cases among migrants. Policies aimed at reducing CM should consider the increased vulnerability of specific subpopulations.
Comparing human to electronic observers to monitor hand hygiene compliance in an intensive care unit
- Eduardo Casaroto, Jose R. Generoso, Jr, Ary Serpa Neto, Marcelo Prado, Guilherme M. Gagliardi, Fernando Gatti de Menezes, Priscila Gonçalves, Fábio Barlem Hohmann, Guilherme Benfatti Olivato, Gustavo Potratz Gonçalves, Nathalia Xavier, Marcelo Fernandes Miguel, Michael B. Edmond, Alexandre R. Marra
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 September 2022, e161
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Objective:
We sought to determine whether an electronic hand hygiene (HH) system could monitor HH compliance at similar rates to direct human observation.
Methods:This 4-year proof-of-concept study was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a private tertiary-care hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, where electronic HH systems were installed in 2 rooms. HH compliance was reported respectively using direct observation and electronic counter devices with an infrared system for detecting HH opportunities.
Results:In phase 1, HH compliance by human observers was 56.3% (564 of 1,001 opportunities), while HH compliance detected by the electronic observer was 51.0% (515 of 1,010 opportunities). In phase 2, human observers registered 484 HH opportunities with a HH compliance rate of 64.7% (313 of 484) versus 70.6% (346 of 490) simultaneously detected by the electronic system. In addition, an enhanced HH electronic system monitored activity 24 hours per day and HH compliance without the presence of a human observer was 40.3% (10,642 of 26,421 opportunities), providing evidence for the Hawthorne effect.
Conclusions:The electronic HH monitoring system had good correlation with human HH observation, but compliance was remarkably lower when human observers were not present due to the Hawthorne effect (25%–30% absolute difference). Electronic monitoring systems can replace direct observation and can markedly reduce the Hawthorne effect.
Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study
- B. Pignon, H. Peyre, A. Ayrolles, J. B. Kirkbride, S. Jamain, A. Ferchiou, J. R. Richard, G. Baudin, S. Tosato, H. Jongsma, L. de Haan, I. Tarricone, M. Bernardo, E. Velthorst, M. Braca, C. Arango, M. Arrojo, J. Bobes, C. M. Del-Ben, M. Di Forti, C. Gayer-Anderson, P. B. Jones, C. La Cascia, A. Lasalvia, P. R. Menezes, D. Quattrone, J. Sanjuán, J. P. Selten, A. Tortelli, P. M. Llorca, J. van Os, B. P. F. Rutten, R. M. Murray, C. Morgan, M. Leboyer, A. Szöke, F. Schürhoff
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 31 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 September 2022, e68
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Aims
Gene x environment (G×E) interactions, i.e. genetic modulation of the sensitivity to environmental factors and/or environmental control of the gene expression, have not been reliably established regarding aetiology of psychotic disorders. Moreover, recent studies have shown associations between the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ) and some risk factors of psychotic disorders, challenging the traditional gene v. environment dichotomy. In the present article, we studied the role of GxE interaction between psychosocial stressors (childhood trauma, stressful life-events, self-reported discrimination experiences and low social capital) and the PRS-SZ on subclinical psychosis in a population-based sample.
MethodsData were drawn from the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study, in which subjects without psychotic disorders were included in six countries. The sample was restricted to European descendant subjects (n = 706). Subclinical dimensions of psychosis (positive, negative, and depressive) were measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale. Associations between the PRS-SZ and the psychosocial stressors were tested. For each dimension, the interactions between genes and environment were assessed using linear models and comparing explained variances of ‘Genetic’ models (solely fitted with PRS-SZ), ‘Environmental’ models (solely fitted with each environmental stressor), ‘Independent’ models (with PRS-SZ and each environmental factor), and ‘Interaction’ models (Independent models plus an interaction term between the PRS-SZ and each environmental factor). Likelihood ration tests (LRT) compared the fit of the different models.
ResultsThere were no genes-environment associations. PRS-SZ was associated with positive dimensions (β = 0.092, R2 = 7.50%), and most psychosocial stressors were associated with all three subclinical psychotic dimensions (except social capital and positive dimension). Concerning the positive dimension, Independent models fitted better than Environmental and Genetic models. No significant GxE interaction was observed for any dimension.
ConclusionsThis study in subjects without psychotic disorders suggests that (i) the aetiological continuum hypothesis could concern particularly the positive dimension of subclinical psychosis, (ii) genetic and environmental factors have independent effects on the level of this positive dimension, (iii) and that interactions between genetic and individual environmental factors could not be identified in this sample.
Comparison of two electronic hand hygiene systems using real-time feedback via wireless technology to improve hand hygiene compliance in an intensive care unit
- José R. Generoso, Jr, Eduardo Casaroto, Ary Serpa Neto, Marcelo Prado, Guilherme M. Gagliardi, Fernando Gatti de Menezes, Priscila Gonçalves, Fábio Barlem Hohmann, Guilherme Benfatti Olivato, Gustavo Potratz Gonçalves, Andréa Marques Pereira, Nathalia Xavier, Marcelo Fernandes Miguel, Elivane da Silva Victor, Michael B. Edmond, Alexandre R. Marra
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 July 2022, e127
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Background:
Most hand hygiene (HH) intervention studies use a quasi-experimental design, are primarily uncontrolled before-and-after studies, or are controlled before-and-after studies with a nonequivalent control group. Well-funded studies with improved designs and HH interventions are needed.
Objectives:To evaluate healthcare worker (HCW) HH compliance with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) through direct observation (human observer), 2 electronic technologies, a radio frequency identification (RFID) badge system, and an invasive device sensor.
Methods:In our controlled experimental study, 2,269 observations were made over a 6-month period from July 1 to December 30, 2020, in a 4-bed intensive care unit. We compared HH compliance between a basic feedback loop system with RFID badges and an enhanced feedback loop system that utilized sensors on invasive devices.
Results:Real-time feedback by wireless technology connected to a patient’s invasive device (enhanced feedback loop) resulted in a significant increase in HH compliance (69.5% in the enhanced group vs 59.1% in the basic group; P = .0001).
Conclusion:An enhanced feedback loop system connected to invasive devices, providing real-time alerts to HCWs, is effective in improving HH compliance.
Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in ‘coalho’ cheese produced in Brazil
- Felipe R. M. de Aguiar, Larissa Q. Rocha, Morgana M. O. Barboza, Tiago L. Sampaio, Nádia A. P. Nogueira, Ramon R. P. P. B. de Menezes
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- Journal:
- Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 89 / Issue 1 / February 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2022, pp. 100-103
- Print publication:
- February 2022
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The experiments reported in this research communication analysed the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 112 samples of ‘coalho’ cheese, from 56 dairy producing farms in 28 cities in all mesoregions of the State of Ceará, Brazil. To assess antimicrobial resistance we also examined the presence of genes encoding enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin, as well as the presence of the blaZ gene for β-lactamases, and resistance to oxacillin. The research found 69 isolates of S. aureus, of which 13.04% had the mecA gene encoding the penicillin-binding protein, which confers resistance to methicillin, in cheese samples from 6 different cities. This included the state capital, Fortaleza, which had the largest prevalence (23.19%) of mecA positive isolates. It was also found that 55.07% of the isolates of S. aureus had the blaZ gene, and 7.25% demonstrated resistance to oxacillin in the plate disc diffusion tests. We did not show the presence of isolates carrying toxigenic genes. The findings suggest that strict supervision of production processes in the dairy industry is necessary in all production scale processes, thus preventing contamination and possible problems for consumers.
Synergistic effects of childhood adversity and polygenic risk in first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI study
- Monica Aas, Luis Alameda, Marta Di Forti, Diego Quattrone, Paola Dazzan, Antonella Trotta, Laura Ferraro, Victoria Rodriguez, Evangelos Vassos, Pak Sham, Giada Tripoli, Caterina La Cascia, Daniele La Barbera, Ilaria Tarricone, Roberto Muratori, Domenico Berardi, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Andrei Szöke, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Celso Arango, Andrea Tortelli, Lieuwe de Haan, Eva Velthorst, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Julio Sanjuán, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Jean-Paul Selten, Peter B. Jones, Hannah E. Jongsma, James B. Kirkbride, Bart P. F. Rutten, Jim van Os, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Robin M. Murray, Craig Morgan
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 5 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 September 2021, pp. 1970-1978
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Background
A history of childhood adversity is associated with psychotic disorder, with an increase in risk according to the number of exposures. However, it is not known why only some exposed individuals go on to develop psychosis. One possibility is pre-existing polygenic vulnerability. Here, we investigated, in the largest sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) cases to date, whether childhood adversity and high polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS) combine synergistically to increase the risk of psychosis, over and above the effect of each alone.
MethodsWe assigned a schizophrenia-polygenic risk score (SZ-PRS), calculated from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC2), to all participants in a sample of 384 FEP patients and 690 controls from the case–control component of the EU-GEI study. Only participants of European ancestry were included in the study. A history of childhood adversity was collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Synergistic effects were estimated using the interaction contrast ratio (ICR) [odds ratio (OR)exposure and PRS − ORexposure − ORPRS + 1] with adjustment for potential confounders.
ResultsThere was some evidence that the combined effect of childhood adversities and polygenic risk was greater than the sum of each alone, as indicated by an ICR greater than zero [i.e. ICR 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.29 to 3.85]. Examining subtypes of childhood adversities, the strongest synergetic effect was observed for physical abuse (ICR 6.25, 95% CI −6.25 to 20.88).
ConclusionsOur findings suggest possible synergistic effects of genetic liability and childhood adversity experiences in the onset of FEP, but larger samples are needed to increase precision of estimates.
Perceived major experiences of discrimination, ethnic group, and risk of psychosis in a six-country case−control study
- Supriya Misra, Bizu Gelaye, David R. Williams, Karestan C. Koenen, Christina P.C. Borba, Diego Quattrone, Marta Di Forti, Giada Tripoli, Caterina La Cascia, Daniele La Barbera, Laura Ferraro, Ilaria Tarricone, Domenico Berardi, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Andrei Szöke, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Celso Arango, Andrea Tortelli, Lieuwe de Haan, Eva Velthorst, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Julio Sanjuán, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Jean-Paul Selten, Peter B. Jones, Hannah E. Jongsma, James B. Kirkbride, Bart P.F. Rutten, Jim van Os, Robin M. Murray, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Craig Morgan
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 52 / Issue 15 / November 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 March 2021, pp. 3668-3676
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Background
Perceived discrimination is associated with worse mental health. Few studies have assessed whether perceived discrimination (i) is associated with the risk of psychotic disorders and (ii) contributes to an increased risk among minority ethnic groups relative to the ethnic majority.
MethodsWe used data from the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions Work Package 2, a population-based case−control study of incident psychotic disorders in 17 catchment sites across six countries. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between perceived discrimination and psychosis using mixed-effects logistic regression models. We used stratified and mediation analyses to explore differences for minority ethnic groups.
ResultsReporting any perceived experience of major discrimination (e.g. unfair treatment by police, not getting hired) was higher in cases than controls (41.8% v. 34.2%). Pervasive experiences of discrimination (≥3 types) were also higher in cases than controls (11.3% v. 5.5%). In fully adjusted models, the odds of psychosis were 1.20 (95% CI 0.91–1.59) for any discrimination and 1.79 (95% CI 1.19–1.59) for pervasive discrimination compared with no discrimination. In stratified analyses, the magnitude of association for pervasive experiences of discrimination appeared stronger for minority ethnic groups (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12–2.68) than the ethnic majority (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 0.65–3.10). In exploratory mediation analysis, pervasive discrimination minimally explained excess risk among minority ethnic groups (5.1%).
ConclusionsPervasive experiences of discrimination are associated with slightly increased odds of psychotic disorders and may minimally help explain excess risk for minority ethnic groups.
Migration history and risk of psychosis: results from the multinational EU-GEI study
- Ilaria Tarricone, Giuseppe D'Andrea, Hannah E. Jongsma, Sarah Tosato, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Simona A. Stilo, Federico Suprani, Conrad Iyegbe, Els van der Ven, Diego Quattrone, Marta di Forti, Eva Velthorst, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Celso Arango, Mara Parellada, Antonio Lasalvia, Caterina La Cascia, Laura Ferraro, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Iulio Sanjuán, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Giada Tripoli, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Lieuwe de Haan, Jean-Paul Selten, Andrea Tortelli, Andrei Szöke, Roberto Muratori, Bart P. Rutten, Jim van Os, Peter B. Jones, James B. Kirkbride, Domenico Berardi, Robin M. Murray, Craig Morgan
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 52 / Issue 14 / October 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2021, pp. 2972-2984
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Background
Psychosis rates are higher among some migrant groups. We hypothesized that psychosis in migrants is associated with cumulative social disadvantage during different phases of migration.
MethodsWe used data from the EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) case–control study. We defined a set of three indicators of social disadvantage for each phase: pre-migration, migration and post-migration. We examined whether social disadvantage in the pre- and post-migration phases, migration adversities, and mismatch between achievements and expectations differed between first-generation migrants with first-episode psychosis and healthy first-generation migrants, and tested whether this accounted for differences in odds of psychosis in multivariable logistic regression models.
ResultsIn total, 249 cases and 219 controls were assessed. Pre-migration (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06–2.44, p = 0.027) and post-migration social disadvantages (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02–3.51, p = 0.044), along with expectations/achievements mismatch (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26, p = 0.014) were all significantly associated with psychosis. Migration adversities (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.672–2.06, p = 0.568) were not significantly related to the outcome. Finally, we found a dose–response effect between the number of adversities across all phases and odds of psychosis (⩾6: OR 14.09, 95% CI 2.06–96.47, p = 0.007).
ConclusionsThe cumulative effect of social disadvantages before, during and after migration was associated with increased odds of psychosis in migrants, independently of ethnicity or length of stay in the country of arrival. Public health initiatives that address the social disadvantages that many migrants face during the whole migration process and post-migration psychological support may reduce the excess of psychosis in migrants.
In situ techniques to predict in vivo digestibility and to evaluate the impact of flint maize processing methods on degradation parameters
- L. A. Godoi, B. C. Silva, A. C. B. Menezes, F. A. S. Silva, H. M. Alhadas, N. V. Trópia, J. T. Silva, D. R. Andrade, J. P. Schoonmaker, S. C. Valadares Filho
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 158 / Issue 8-9 / November 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 February 2021, pp. 756-766
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This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effects of flint maize processing methods on the estimation of the readily soluble fraction (a), the potentially degradable fraction (b) and the rate of degradation of b (c) for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch in the rumen; and (2) verify whether two different applications of in situ technique can be used to estimate in vivo DM, OM and starch digestibilities. Five ruminally cannulated Nellore bulls (265 ± 18.2 kg; 8 ± 1.0 mo) were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Three experimental diets were composed of 0.30 whole-plant maize silage, 0.10 supplement and 0.60 of one of the following processing methods: dry ground maize grain (DMG); high-moisture maize (HMM); reconstituted maize grain silage (RMG). Two additional diets were composed of 0.10 supplement, 0.80 snaplage and 0.10 stalklage (SNAP-80); or 0.10 supplement and 0.90 snaplage (SNAP-90). Digestibilities were estimated using in vivo procedure or predicted from in situ technique using a single 24 h incubation point or an equation proposed in previous literature. Diets based on ensiled grains presented greater (P < 0.05) fraction a and c and lower (P < 0.05) fraction b of DM, OM and starch compared to DMG. Both alternative use of in situ technique accurately estimated (P > 0.05) in vivo DM, OM and starch digestibilities. The results suggest that ensilage process may increase the availability of nutrients. The two different applications of in situ technique showed precision and accuracy to estimate in vivo digestibility.
Effect of feeding a low-vitamin A diet on carcass and production characteristics of steers with a high or low propensity for marbling
- E. E. Knutson, A. C. B. Menezes, X. Sun, A. B. P. Fontoura, J. H. Liu, M. L. Bauer, K. R. Maddock-Carlin, K. C. Swanson, A. K. Ward
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Our research group demonstrated that vitamin A restriction affected meat quality of Angus cross and Simmental steers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight the genotype variations in response to dietary vitamin A levels. Commercial Angus and Simmental steers (n = 32 per breed; initial BW = 337.2 ± 5.9 kg; ~8 months of age) were fed a low-vitamin A (LVA) (1017 IU/kg DM) backgrounding diet for 95 days to reduce hepatic vitamin A stores. During finishing, steers were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of genotype × dietary vitamin A concentration. The LVA treatment was a finishing diet with no supplemental vitamin A (723 IU vitamin A/kg DM); the control (CON) was the LVA diet plus supplementation with 2200 IU vitamin A/kg DM. Blood samples were collected at three time points throughout the study to analyze serum retinol concentration. At the completion of finishing, steers were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Meat characteristics assessed were intramuscular fat concentration, color, Warner-Bratzler shear force, cook loss and pH. Camera image analysis was used for determination of marbling, 12th rib back fat and longissimus muscle area (LMA). The LVA steers had lower (P < 0.001) serum retinol concentration than CON steers. The LVA treatment resulted in greater (P = 0.03) average daily gain than the CON treatment, 1.52 and 1.44 ± 0.03 kg/day, respectively; however, there was no effect of treatment on final BW, DM intake or feed efficiency. Cooking loss and yield grade were greater and LMA was smaller in LVA steers (P < 0.05). There was an interaction between breed and treatment for marbling score (P = 0.01) and percentage of carcasses grading United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Prime (P = 0.02). For Angus steers, LVA treatment resulted in a 16% greater marbling score than CON (683 and 570 ± 40, respectively) and 27% of LVA Angus steers graded USDA Prime compared with 0% for CON. Conversely, there was no difference in marbling score or USDA Quality Grades between LVA and CON for Simmental steers. In conclusion, feeding a LVA diet during finishing increased marbling in Angus but not in Simmental steers. Reducing the vitamin A level of finishing diets fed to cattle with a high propensity to marble, such as Angus, has the potential to increase economically important traits such as marbling and quality grade without negatively impacting gain : feed or yield grade.
Jumping to conclusions, general intelligence, and psychosis liability: findings from the multi-centre EU-GEI case-control study
- Giada Tripoli, Diego Quattrone, Laura Ferraro, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Victoria Rodriguez, Caterina La Cascia, Daniele La Barbera, Crocettarachele Sartorio, Fabio Seminerio, Ilaria Tarricone, Domenico Berardi, Andrei Szöke, Celso Arango, Andrea Tortelli, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Lieuwe de Haan, Eva Velthorst, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Julio Sanjuán, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Jean-Paul Selten, EU-GEI WP2 Group, Peter B. Jones, Hannah E Jongsma, James B Kirkbride, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Alex Richards, Michael O’Donovan, Bart PF Rutten, Jim van Os, Craig Morgan, Pak C Sham, Robin M. Murray, Graham K. Murray, Marta Di Forti
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 51 / Issue 4 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2020, pp. 623-633
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Background
The ‘jumping to conclusions’ (JTC) bias is associated with both psychosis and general cognition but their relationship is unclear. In this study, we set out to clarify the relationship between the JTC bias, IQ, psychosis and polygenic liability to schizophrenia and IQ.
MethodsA total of 817 first episode psychosis patients and 1294 population-based controls completed assessments of general intelligence (IQ), and JTC, and provided blood or saliva samples from which we extracted DNA and computed polygenic risk scores for IQ and schizophrenia.
ResultsThe estimated proportion of the total effect of case/control differences on JTC mediated by IQ was 79%. Schizophrenia polygenic risk score was non-significantly associated with a higher number of beads drawn (B = 0.47, 95% CI −0.21 to 1.16, p = 0.17); whereas IQ PRS (B = 0.51, 95% CI 0.25–0.76, p < 0.001) significantly predicted the number of beads drawn, and was thus associated with reduced JTC bias. The JTC was more strongly associated with the higher level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in controls, including after controlling for IQ (B = −1.7, 95% CI −2.8 to −0.5, p = 0.006), but did not relate to delusions in patients.
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the JTC reasoning bias in psychosis might not be a specific cognitive deficit but rather a manifestation or consequence, of general cognitive impairment. Whereas, in the general population, the JTC bias is related to PLEs, independent of IQ. The work has the potential to inform interventions targeting cognitive biases in early psychosis.
In situ and in vitro techniques for estimating degradation parameters and digestibility of diets based on maize or sorghum
- B. C. Silva, M. V. C. Pacheco, L. A. Godoi, F. A. S. Silva, D. Zanetti, A. C. B. Menezes, P. Pucetti, S. A. Santos, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 158 / Issue 1-2 / March 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 April 2020, pp. 150-158
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate: (1) the effects of ensiling maize or sorghum grains after reconstitution on readily soluble fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction in the rumen (b) and rate constant for degradation of b (c) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch (STA); and (2) an appropriate incubation time for in situ or in vitro procedures to estimate in vivo digestibility. Four rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (body weight = 262 ± 19.6 kg) distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square were used. Diets were based on dry ground maize (DGM); or dry ground sorghum (DGS); or reconstituted ground maize silage; or reconstituted ground sorghum silage. In vitro and in situ incubations of the individual grains and diets were simultaneously performed with in vivo digestibility. In general, reconstituted grains and diets based on reconstituted grains presented greater (P < 0.05) fraction a and lower (P < 0.05) fraction b of DM, OM and STA compared to dry grains and diets based on dry grain. However, the magnitude of response of the reconstitution and ensiling process on DM and OM degradability parameter was greater for maize than that for sorghum. Moreover, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between DGM- and DGS-based diets for c estimates. The results suggest that the reconstitution process promotes grains protein matrix breakdown increasing STA availability. The incubation times required for in vivo digestibility estimations of DM, OM and STA are 24 h for in situ and 36 h for in vitro procedures.