41 results
Recent survey of brine infiltration in McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
- D. L. Morse, E. D. Waddington
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- Journal:
- Annals of Glaciology / Volume 20 / 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 215-218
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The brine infiltration zone of Mc Murdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, has been extensively studied by previous authors. Brine percolates inland laterally from the ice front, opposite to the direction of ice-shelf motion. Inland propagation of brine pulses following ice-shelf break-outs appears to be the primary brine-infiltration mechanism. During the 1992-93 field season, we used radio-echo sounding to resurvey the inland limit of the brine-infiltration zone. The boundary had been similarly mapped in 1977. We observed that since the earlier survey, one 7km section his retreated seaward by approximately 800 m while another 5 km section is unchanged. These displacements are consistent with the earlier hypothesis that brine infiltration occurs by the influx of brine pulses
Linking Neuroscience to Political Intolerance and Political Judgment
- George E. Marcus, Sandra L. Wood, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse
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- Journal:
- Politics and the Life Sciences / Volume 17 / Issue 2 / September 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 May 2016, pp. 165-178
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There is substantial evidence that intolerance arises from perceptions of difference. A prevailing view holds that even if intolerance is understandable as a defense mechanism, or as an attitude intended to ward off threatening groups and noxious activities, it often is the result of human irrationality and indulgence of prejudice. This conclusion is supported by studies that seem to demonstrate the apparent irrelevance of the actual level of threat to levels of intolerance. These studies show human actions attendant to diversity are caused by established convictions (i.e., prejudice) rather than by the degree of threat. However, informed by theoretical approaches provided by neuroscientists, we report findings that threat is, indeed, a provocative factor that modifies political tolerance in predictable ways. Previous studies defined threat as probabilistic assessments of the likelihood of bad events. When threat is defined as novelty and normative violations (i.e., as departures from expected, or normal, occurrence), then consistent relationships to intolerance are obtained.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Pittsburgh Registry of Infant Multiplets (PRIM): An Update
- Elizabeth A. Jenkins, Brion S. Maher, Mary L. Marazita, Ralph E. Tarter, Jennifer B. Ganger, Margaret Watt-Morse, Michael M. Vanyukov
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 9 / Issue 6 / 01 December 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2012, pp. 1006-1008
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This article is an updated review of the Pittsburgh Registry of Infant Multiplets including recruitment methods, data collection, and results of pilot studies conducted in this registry. The main goal of the registry is to study psychological development. The risk for behavior disorders including substance use disorders, as well as language development and dental health are among research targets. Pilot data on the heritability of minor physical anomalies and neuropsychological characteristics (Continuous Performance Test) are reported.
Quantitative Analysis and Molecular Fingerprinting of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Different Patient Populations: A Prospective, Multicenter Study
- L. A. Mermel, S. J. Eells, M. K. Acharya, J. M. Cartony, D. Dacus, S. Fadem, E. A. Gay, S. Gordon, J. R. Lonks, T. M. Perl, L. K. McDougal, J. E. McGowan, G. Maxey, D. Morse, F. C. Tenover
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 31 / Issue 6 / June 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 592-597
- Print publication:
- June 2010
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Objectives.
To better understand the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization or infection in different patient populations, to perform quantitative analysis of MRSA in nasal cultures, and to characterize strains using molecular fingerprinting.
Design.Prospective, multicenter study.
Setting.Eleven different inpatient and outpatient healthcare facilities.
Participants.MRSA-positive inpatients identified in an active surveillance program; inpatients and outpatients receiving hemodialysis; inpatients and outpatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; patients requiring cardiac surgery; and elderly patients requiring long-term care.
Methods.Nasal swab samples were obtained from January 23, 2006, through July 27, 2007; MRSA strains were quantified and characterized by molecular fingerprinting.
Results.A total of 444 nares swab specimens yielded MRSA (geometric mean quantity, 794 CFU per swab; range, 3-15,000,000 CFU per swab). MRSA prevalence was 20% for elderly residents of long-term care facilities (25 of 125 residents), 16% for HIV-infected outpatients (78 of 494 outpatients), 15% for outpatients receiving hemodialysis (31 of 208 outpatients), 14% for inpatients receiving hemodialysis (86 of 623 inpatients), 3% for HIV-infected inpatients (5 of 161 inpatients), and 3% for inpatients requiring cardiac surgery (6 of 199 inpatients). The highest geometric mean quantity of MRSA was for inpatients requiring cardiac surgery (11,500 CFU per swab). An association was found between HIV infection and colonization with the USA300 or USA500 strain of MRSA (P ≤ .001). The Brazilian clone was found for the first time in the United States. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns for 11 isolates were not compatible with known USA types or clones.
Conclusion.Nasal swab specimens positive for MRSA had a geometric mean quantity of 794 CFU per swab, with great diversity in the quantity of MRSA at this anatomic site. Outpatient populations at high risk for MRSA carriage were elderly residents of long-term care facilities, HIV-infected outpatients, and outpatients receiving hemodialysis.
An outbreak of Salmonella mikawasima associated with doner kebabs
- M. Synnott, D. L. Morse, H. Maguire, F. Majid, M. Plummer, M. Leicester, E. J. Threlfall, J. Cowden
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 111 / Issue 3 / December 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 473-482
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During October 1992 an increase in the number of isolates of Salmonella mikawasima, a rare serotype, was noted including a cluster of nine cases in the South West Thames region. A case control study was conducted and univariate analysis showed a statistical association between illness and eating at takeaway A for cases compared with household controls (P = O003) and with neighbourhood controls (P = 0.0245). Cases were also more likely to have eaten kebabs than were controls or average takeaway A customers, implicating doner kebabs as the most likely vehicle of infection. Plasmid profile analysis of the nine cases' isolates showed them to be indistinguishable and to be characterized by a single plasmid of approximately 60 MDa.
The original source of the Salmonella mikawasima contamination was not determined, but food preparation practices for kebabs at takeaway A were insufficient to protect against illness if contaminated. This outbreak was only recognized because of the unusual serotype, but could be an indication of a more widespread problem with doner kebabs.
Organic broccoli production on transition soils: Comparing cover crops, tillage and sidedress N
- Daniel L. Schellenberg, Ronald D. Morse, Gregory E. Welbaum
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- Journal:
- Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems / Volume 24 / Issue 2 / June 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 February 2009, pp. 85-91
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Little information is available about how farmers in transition to organic practices should manage short- and long-term N fertility. The objectives of this research were (1) to evaluate the leguminous cover crops lablab (Dolichos lablab L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and a mixture of sunn hemp and cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl.) as N sources; (2) to compare N availability and broccoli yield when cover crops were incorporated with conventional tillage (CT) or retained as a surface mulch using no-tillage (NT) practices; and (3) to quantify the amount of supplemental sidedress nitrogen required to maximize the yield of organic broccoli (Brassica oleracea Group Italica) on transition soils. Broccoli was grown during the first year after organic transition in the spring and fall of 2006 at the Kentland Agricultural Research Farm near Blacksburg, VA. Spring (P<0.001) and fall (P<0.001) broccoli yield increased as the rate of sidedress N was increased up to 112 kg N ha−1, and showed a quadratic correlation with leaf N (P=<0.001, R2=0.80 and P=<0.001, R2=0.38, respectively). There was no difference in spring broccoli yield between CT and NT; however, CT produced the highest yield in the fall crop. At low sidedress N rates, leaf N was highest in CT plots, but tillage had no effect on N uptake at high N rates. This indicates that early season and perhaps total plant-available mineralized N was greater in CT than NT; however, potential N deficiency in NT soil may be compensated by sidedress N. Broccoli yield was not affected by leguminous cover crop, even though the quantity of cover crop biomass and N contribution was different among species. This suggests that N availability from leguminous cover crops may be impacted by other ecological processes such as soil microbial activity. This study shows that organic CT and NT growers can maximize broccoli yield in transition soils low in N availability, by using leguminous cover crops in combination with moderate amounts of sidedress N.
Questionnaires for eliciting evaluation data from users of interactive question answering systems
- D. KELLY, P. B. KANTOR, E. L. MORSE, J. SCHOLTZ, Y. SUN
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- Journal:
- Natural Language Engineering / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2009, pp. 119-141
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Evaluating interactive question answering (QA) systems with real users can be challenging because traditional evaluation measures based on the relevance of items returned are difficult to employ since relevance judgments can be unstable in multi-user evaluations. The work reported in this paper evaluates, in distinguishing among a set of interactive QA systems, the effectiveness of three questionnaires: a Cognitive Workload Questionnaire (NASA TLX), and Task and System Questionnaires customized to a specific interactive QA application. These Questionnaires were evaluated with four systems, seven analysts, and eight scenarios during a 2-week workshop. Overall, results demonstrate that all three Questionnaires are effective at distinguishing among systems, with the Task Questionnaire being the most sensitive. Results also provide initial support for the validity and reliability of the Questionnaires.
Very Low-Temperature, Gram-Scale Synthesis of Monodisperse BaTiO3 Nanocrystals via an Interfacial Hydrolysis Reaction
- Daniel E. Morse, Richard L. Brutchey
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1094 / 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 1094-DD05-01
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- 2008
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A vapor diffusion sol-gel method is reviewed for the preparation of high-quality BaTiO3 nanocrystals on the gram scale at very low temperatures. The synthesis is based on the kinetically controlled introduction of water into a solution of the bimetallic alkoxide, BaTi(O2C4H9)6, where slow hydrolysis then occurs at the vapor-solution interface followed by nucleation and nanocrystal growth at 16 °C. The resulting 6-nm, quasi-spherical nanocrystals are both monodisperse (without stabilizing agents or size selecting purification) and highly crystalline (without any post-synthesis heat treatment), and are isolated in yields near 100%. Based on new permittivity and calorimetry data, the crystal structure of the nanocrystals is most likely in the paraelectric cubic phase (space group Pm3m) at room temperature, which corroborates previous diffraction data. It was also demonstrated that the BaTiO3 nanocrystals can be doped with trivalent lanthanum cations using the same low-temperature vapor diffusion sol-gel method to yield donor-doped Ba1−xLaxTiO3, which exhibits a considerable PTCR effect.
Nationwide outbreak of listeriosis due to contaminated meat
- P. S. MEAD, E. F. DUNNE, L. GRAVES, M. WIEDMANN, M. PATRICK, S. HUNTER, E. SALEHI, F. MOSTASHARI, A. CRAIG, P. MSHAR, T. BANNERMAN, B. D. SAUDERS, P. HAYES, W. DEWITT, P. SPARLING, P. GRIFFIN, D. MORSE, L. SLUTSKER, B. SWAMINATHAN
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 134 / Issue 4 / August 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 December 2005, pp. 744-751
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We used molecular subtyping to investigate an outbreak of listeriosis involving residents of 24 US states. We defined a case as infection with Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b yielding one of several closely related patterns when subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Patients infected with strains yielding different patterns were used as controls. A total of 108 cases were identified with 14 associated deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths. A case-control study implicated meat frankfurters as the likely source of infection (OR 17·3, 95% CI 2·4–160). The outbreak ended abruptly following a manufacturer-issued recall, and the outbreak strain was later detected in low levels in the recalled product. A second strain was recovered at higher levels but was not associated with human illness. Our findings suggest that L. monocytogenes strains vary widely in virulence and confirm that large outbreaks can occur even when only low levels of contamination are detected in sampled food. Standardized molecular subtyping and coordinated, multi-jurisdiction investigations can greatly facilitate detection and control of listeriosis outbreaks.
Physics and Results from the AMANDA-II High Energy Neutrino Telescope
- Steven W. Barwick, the AMANDA Collaboration, J. Ahrens, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, T. Becka, K.-H. Becker, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Biron, S. Böser, O. Botner, O. Bouhali, T. Burgess, S. Carius, T. Castermans, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, D. F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Doksus, P. Ekström, T. Feser, T. K. Gaisser, R. Ganupati, M. Gaug, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, P. Herquet, G. C. Hill, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, L. Köpke, M. Kowalski, K. Kuehn, J. I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, J. Madsen, K. Mandli, P. Marciniewski, H. S. Matis, C. P. McParland, T. Messarius, Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, R. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, T. Neunhöffer, P. Niessen, D. R. Nygren, H. Ogelman, Ph. Olbrechts, C. Pérez de Los Heros, A. C. Pohl, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, D. Ross, H.-G. Sander, K. Schinarakis, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R. G. Stokstad, P. Sudhoff, K.-H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, W. Wagner, C. Walck, C. H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, G. Yodh, S. Young
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- Journal:
- Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 214 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 May 2016, pp. 357-371
- Print publication:
- 2003
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This paper briefly describes the principle of operation and science goals of the AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope located at the South Pole, Antarctica. Results from an earlier phase of the telescope, called AMANDA-BIO, demonstrate both reliable operation and the broad astrophysical reach of this device, which includes searches for a variety of sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos: generic point sources, Gamma-Ray Bursts and diffuse sources. The predicted sensitivity and angular resolution of the telescope were confirmed by studies of atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. We also report on the status of the analysis from AMANDA-II, a larger version with far greater capabilities. At this stage of analysis, details of the ice properties and other systematic uncertainties of the AMANDA-II telescope are under study, but we have made progress toward critical science objectives. In particular, we present the first preliminary flux limits from AMANDA-II on the search for continuous emission from astrophysical point sources, and report on the search for correlated neutrino emission from Gamma Ray Bursts detected by BATSE before decommissioning in May 2000. During the next two years, we expect to exploit the full potential of AMANDA-II with the installation of a new data acquisition system that records full waveforms from the in-ice optical sensors.
Angular Fourier Mapping; Highlighting lattice structures without destroying original data
- Johannes H. Kindt, James B. Thompson, George T. Paloczi, Martina Michenfelder, Bettye L. Smith, Galen Stucky, Daniel E. Morse, Paul K. Hansma
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 620 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 March 2011, M4.2.1
- Print publication:
- 2000
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A two-dimensional Fourier transformation, FT, is used to isolate two different lattice structures within one scanning probe microscope, SPM, image. The isolated structures are then used to create a two-color map that encodes the presence of these structures within the image. The color map is normalized in brightness and then used to color-code the original black and white SPM data. The distribution of different structures becomes obvious, while all original brightness information is preserved in this combined image.
Lead Iodide X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Spectrometers for Room and High Temperature Operation
- H. Hermon, R. B. James, J. Lund, E. Cross, A. Antolak, D. H. Morse, D. L. Medlin, E. Soria, J. Van Scyoc, B. Brunett, M. Schieber, T. E. Schlesinger, J. Toney, M. Goorsky, Hojun Yoon, A. Burger, L. Salary, K.-T. Chen, Y.-C. Chang, K. Shah
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 487 / 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 361
- Print publication:
- 1997
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In this study we report on the results of the investigation of lead iodide material properties. The effectiveness of a zone refining purification method on the material purity is determined by ICP-MS and ICP-OES and correlated to the electrical and physical material properties. We show that this zone refining method is very efficient in removing impurities from lead iodide, and we also determine the segregation coefficient for some of these impurities. Triple axis x-ray diffraction (TAD) analysis has been used to determine the crystalline perfection of the lead iodide after applying various cutting, etching and fabrication methods. The soft lead iodide crystal was found to be damaged when cleaved by a razor blade, but by using a diamond wheel saw, followed by etching, the crystallinity of the material was much improved, as observed by TAD. Low temperature photoluminescence also indicates an improvement in the material properties of the purified lead iodide. Electrical properties of lead iodide such as carrier mobility, were calculated based on carrier - phonon scattering. The results for the electrical properties were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Preface: Political Tolerance and Democratic Life
- George E. Marcus, Williams College, Massachusetts, John L. Sullivan, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Sandra L. Wood, University of North Texas
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- With Malice toward Some
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- 05 August 2012
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- 29 September 1995, pp xi-xiv
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Summary
The late twentieth century has witnessed astonishing technological advances that make information readily and widely available. In fact, people today are bombarded with information, to the point of what some have referred to as “information overload.” Political events are covered twenty-four hours a day by Cable News Network (CNN). Newspapers like USA Today inform us of these events in easily digestible pieces; some newspapers, such as the Washington Post, have news available on Internet, the new “information superhighway.” At any time of the day or night we can delve into the mass of political information at our fingertips and discover what is happening in the world. Making decisions when faced with this great quantity of information is daunting.
This book details how people come to make decisions, specifically concerning civil liberties issues, in light of new information. Almost every day we are confronted with stories about actual or potential infractions against a certain people's rights. Hate crimes, such as cross burnings or the vandalism of Jewish cemeteries, are not uncommon, and the passage of hate-crime laws to deter further actions by racist groups has become popular. Clashes between prolife and prochoice groups, and especially the recent murders of doctors who perform abortions, regularly make headline news. The influx of Haitian and Cuban refugees increases tensions in parts of the United States. Incidents of gay bashing and antihomosexual activities have gained particularly intensive news coverage, partly because of recent measures voted on in Oregon and Colorado.
2 - Antecedent Considerations and Contemporary Information
- George E. Marcus, Williams College, Massachusetts, John L. Sullivan, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Sandra L. Wood, University of North Texas
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- With Malice toward Some
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- 05 August 2012
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- 29 September 1995, pp 15-38
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The historical processes and events that have shaped a person's complex make-up can never be fully unraveled. Nevertheless, our task is not hopeless. A person's current behavior must be determined by factors that exert their effects right here and now. Past events are important only to the extent that they have left an enduring mark on the person, a mark that continues to wield its impact.
Icek Ajzen,Attitudes, Personality, and BehaviorIn this chapter, we introduce the conceptual framework that guides our analysis of tolerance judgments. At the most general level, we attempt to distinguish between long-term and short-term influences on these judgments. We will review briefly some theoretical approaches that have emphasized long-term influences and others that emphasized short-term influences. We then introduce the concepts we use to analyze the role of established convictions and more immediate environmental influences. Finally, we apply these conceptual distinctions to the existing literature on political tolerance.
For years scholars have studied long-term and short-term influences on political attitudes and behavior. Yet there is little agreement about the relative importance of these two sets of influences in shaping citizens' opinions and behaviors. On the one hand, the symbolic politics literature and personality studies emphasize the effects of early socialization. On the other hand, the rational choice and social cognition literatures pay greater attention to the role of information stemming from people's more immediate circumstances.
Contents
- George E. Marcus, Williams College, Massachusetts, John L. Sullivan, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Sandra L. Wood, University of North Texas
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- Book:
- With Malice toward Some
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- 05 August 2012
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- 29 September 1995, pp v-vi
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References
- George E. Marcus, Williams College, Massachusetts, John L. Sullivan, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Sandra L. Wood, University of North Texas
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- With Malice toward Some
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- 05 August 2012
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- 29 September 1995, pp 269-283
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Appendix B: Methodological Approaches and Scales
- George E. Marcus, Williams College, Massachusetts, John L. Sullivan, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Sandra L. Wood, University of North Texas
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- With Malice toward Some
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- 29 September 1995, pp 245-256
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We present in this section the scale items and scales used in the reported research. We adopted the following guidelines in selecting scales. First, we relied on published scales where possible in order to use widely known measures. Second, we evaluated all scales for reliability and construct validity, dropping individual items that reduced the scale's reliability or undermined the construct validity. The items we dropped from the final scales are listed below and noted.
Third, in creating scales, missing data often pose a major problem. If a single response is omitted, the scale cannot be built and that case is treated as missing. With many scales the problem of missing data can often truncate a data set by one-fourth or even more. In order to preserve as many cases as possible, we used a mean value for all scales with the important provisos that a mean would be used if and only if the majority of items in a scale had a valid response. For example, if at least four out of six scale items had a valid response, then we used the mean score of the four, five, or six items as the scale value for that case (for seven items we required five valid responses, and so forth). If fewer than four items were valid responses (i.e., not missing) then a missing value was assigned this case.
5 - Threat and Political Tolerance
- George E. Marcus, Williams College, Massachusetts, John L. Sullivan, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Sandra L. Wood, University of North Texas
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- With Malice toward Some
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- 05 August 2012
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- 29 September 1995, pp 101-113
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Or in the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush suppos'd a bear!
William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's DreamA puzzle prompted our research. As we noted in Chapter 2, earlier survey research indicated that the single variable most strongly related to tolerance, perceptions of threat, is exogenous (Sullivan et al., 1982). This suggested that threat perceptions may be a contemporary judgment formed by relying on contemporary information, not an earlier acquired antecedent consideration. The findings in Chapter 4 are consistent with this hypothesis. Exposure to threat in the form of normative violations caused subjects to modulate their current tolerance judgments.
The 1978 NORC national study (shown in Figure 2.2) measured threat perceptions by asking respondents to describe on a seven-point scale their least-liked group using a list of polar adjectives. The adjective pairs were selected to represent a variety of familiar terms that respondents might find relevant in describing their appraisal of the objectionable group they confronted. Table 5.1 presents the bivariate correlations between political tolerance and these measures of threat, including a further measure, “How likely do you think it is that (group named) will be more popular in the future: very likely, somewhat likely, or very unlikely?”
There are two clusters of threat measures. The top group contains measures that reflect negative or positive normative evaluations. People judged the group to be trustworthy or untrustworthy, violent or nonviolent, and so forth.
PART I - Theoretical Background and Overview
- George E. Marcus, Williams College, Massachusetts, John L. Sullivan, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Sandra L. Wood, University of North Texas
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- With Malice toward Some
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- 05 August 2012
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- 29 September 1995, pp 1-2
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Our opening section establishes the theoretical framework of the book. This first section provides background information, particularly in Chapter 1, and clarifies our model of decision making in Chapters 2 and 3.
Chapter 1 argues that political tolerance persists as a crucial dilemma in any democracy. As we mature, we identify with certain groups and may resist challenges by outgroups. Our partisan natures also leave us vulnerable to intolerant arguments. However, at least two factors moderate our intolerance. First, the individualism of American culture encourages us to separate our own identity from that of the group. Second, the diversity of our society requires us to interact with those who differ from us; in doing so, we are likely to learn that differences may be superficial. Chapter 1 introduces a major theme of our book, the centrality of emotions in how we understand the world.
In Chapter 2 we present our model of tolerance judgments. We posit that tolerance judgments (and perhaps other political decisions) result from three major influences: predispositions, such as personality; standing decisions, such as political attitudes about democratic principles; and contemporary information about the particular situation. Chapter 2 explores the roots of this theory in the symbolic politics literature before turning to a discussion of how previous research in political tolerance has informed our model of decision making.
Chapter 3 returns to emotion. We reject the presumption that tolerance judgments are essentially cognitive and suggest instead the importance of emotion.