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Is the Molecular Clock Ticking Differently in Bipolar Disorder?
- S. Bengesser, N. Lackner, A. Birner, B. Reininghaus, U. Heilbronner, R. Fuchs, N. Allard, S. Wallner-Liebmann, A. Rieger, R. Queissner, K. Filic, F. Fellendorf, E. Petek, C. Windpassinger, C. Schörkhuber, C. Gigler, K. Gatkowsky, T. Macheiner, N. Kainzbauer, E. Reininghaus
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Bipolar Disorder is a devastating disease with a genetic heritability. An orchestra of around 500 gene variants is leading to vulnerability.
One interesting candidate gene group are the socalled CLOCK GENES. The molecular 24h clock has several CLOCK GENES and the last gene ARNTL encodes for an activator of MAOA transcription and leads therefore to changes in neurotransmitter levels.
MethodsGenotyping of 150 paricipants with Bipolar Disorder and 78 healthy controls with the Illumina GWAS chip Omniexpress 1.1. Hypothesis driven extraction of ARNTL SNPs with the software PLINK. Statistical analysis with Chi square test with SPSS.
ResultsPatients with Bipolar Disorder differ significantly in ARNTL genotypes compared to healthy controls. Details are presented during the poster session.
DiscussionCircadian rhythms seem to play an important pathogenetic mechanism in Bipolar Disorder.
Food Craving in Bipolar Disorder
- N. Lackner, M. Platzer, F.T. Fellendorf, A. Rieger, C. Schörkhuber, R. Queissner, K. Gatkowsky, A. Birner, S.A. Bengesser, R. Unterweger, A. Painold, B. Reininghaus, E. Weiss, S.J. Wallner-Liebmann, H.P. Kapfhammer, E.Z. Reininghaus
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Objectives
Food craving (FC) has been linked todepressive mood before. However, no study exists evaluating FC in a sample of bipolar disorder (BD).
AimsThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of FC in individuals with BD during euthymia.
MethodsFifty individuals with a BD diagnosis according to the DSM-IV guidelines were drawn from the dedicated outpatient center of the University Clinic of Psychiatry Graz. Data were compared with data from a healthy control sample (HC, n=50). All probands took part in the BIPFAT study exploring shared pathophysiological pathways of obesity and brain function in BD. Participants completed a comprehensive diagnostic battery (including the Food Craving Questionnaire by White et al. 2002) measuring anamnestic, anthropometric, and clinical data. We performed a MANCOVA controlling for key covariates including gender, age, body mass index, smoking, mood stabilizing medication, and lipid levels.
ResultsBD patients exhibited significantly more total food craving (F=6.10, p=.016) and more sweets craving than controls (F=6.38, p=.014). Additionally, levels of fat craving were higher by trend in the male patient group than in the male control group (F=3.15, p=.087).
ConclusionsA higher prevalence of FC in BD patients than in controls suggests that FC may be of clinical importance in BD. Potentially, FC plays a role in the development of obesity, a well-known risk factor for unfavorable course of illness in BD. Furthermore, the impact of dysfunctions in the serotonergic system and/or an altered activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in relationship to increased FC are critically discussed.
Genome-wide scan demonstrates significant linkage for male sexual orientation
- A. R. Sanders, E. R. Martin, G. W. Beecham, S. Guo, K. Dawood, G. Rieger, J. A. Badner, E. S. Gershon, R. S. Krishnappa, A. B. Kolundzija, J. Duan, P. V. Gejman, J. M. Bailey
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 45 / Issue 7 / May 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 November 2014, pp. 1379-1388
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Background
Findings from family and twin studies support a genetic contribution to the development of sexual orientation in men. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting evidence for linkage to chromosome Xq28.
MethodWe conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on 409 independent pairs of homosexual brothers (908 analyzed individuals in 384 families), by far the largest study of its kind to date.
ResultsWe identified two regions of linkage: the pericentromeric region on chromosome 8 (maximum two-point LOD = 4.08, maximum multipoint LOD = 2.59), which overlaps with the second strongest region from a previous separate linkage scan of 155 brother pairs; and Xq28 (maximum two-point LOD = 2.99, maximum multipoint LOD = 2.76), which was also implicated in prior research.
ConclusionsResults, especially in the context of past studies, support the existence of genes on pericentromeric chromosome 8 and chromosome Xq28 influencing development of male sexual orientation.
An internet-based program to enhance motivation to change in females with symptoms of an eating disorder: a randomized controlled trial
- K. Hötzel, R. von Brachel, U. Schmidt, E. Rieger, J. Kosfelder, T. Hechler, D. Schulte, S. Vocks
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 44 / Issue 9 / July 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 October 2013, pp. 1947-1963
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Background
Previous research has demonstrated an association between low motivation to change and an unfavorable treatment outcome in patients with an eating disorder. Consequently, various studies have examined the effects of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) on motivation to change and treatment outcome in eating disorders. In each of these studies, MET was administered in a face-to-face setting. However, because of its anonymity and ease of access, the internet provides several advantages as the format for such an intervention. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of an internet-based program (‘ESS-KIMO’) to enhance motivation to change in eating disorders.
MethodIn total, 212 females were accepted for participation and assigned randomly to the intervention condition (n = 103) or waiting-list control condition (n = 109). The intervention consisted of six online MET sessions. Before and after the intervention or waiting period respectively, participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Stages of Change Questionnaire for Eating Disorders (SOCQ-ED), the Pros and Cons of Eating Disorders Scale (P-CED), the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). A total of 125 participants completed the assessment post-treatment. Completer analyses and intent-to-treat analyses were performed.
ResultsSignificant time × group interactions were found, indicating a stronger increase in motivational aspects and self-esteem, in addition to a stronger symptom reduction on some measures from pre- to post-treatment in the intervention group compared to the control group.
ConclusionsInternet-based approaches can be considered as useful for enhancing motivation to change in eating disorders and for yielding initial symptomatic improvement.
Increased plasticity of the bodily self in eating disorders
- E. Eshkevari, E. Rieger, M. R. Longo, P. Haggard, J. Treasure
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 42 / Issue 4 / April 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 October 2011, pp. 819-828
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Background
The rubber hand illusion (RHI) has been widely used to investigate the bodily self in healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to extend the use of the RHI to examine the bodily self in eating disorders (EDs).
MethodThe RHI and self-report measures of ED psychopathology [the Eating Disorder Inventory – 3 (EDI-3) subscales of Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction, Interoceptive Deficits, and Emotional Dysregulation; the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and the Self-Objectification Questionnaire (SOQ)] were administered to 78 individuals with an ED and 61 healthy controls.
ResultsIndividuals with an ED experienced the RHI significantly more strongly than healthy controls on both perceptual (i.e. proprioceptive drift) and subjective (i.e. self-report questionnaire) measures. Furthermore, both the subjective experience of the RHI and associated proprioceptive biases were correlated with ED psychopathology. Approximately 23% of the variance for embodiment of the fake hand was accounted for by ED psychopathology, with interoceptive deficits and self-objectification significant predictors of embodiment.
ConclusionsThese results indicate that the bodily self is more plastic in people with an ED. These findings may shed light on both aetiological and maintenance factors involved in EDs, particularly visual processing of the body, interoceptive deficits, and self-objectification.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Effects of the presentation of false heart-rate feedback on the performance of two common heartbeat-detection tasks
- GEOFFREY C. PHILLIPS, GARY E. JONES, ERIC J. RIEGER, JEFFRY B. SNELL
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- Psychophysiology / Volume 36 / Issue 4 / July 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 November 2002, pp. 504-510
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- July 1999
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Research has indicated that performance on heartbeat counting tasks may be influenced by beliefs about heart rate. Sixty male subjects were administered the Schandry heartbeat counting task after viewing fast, slow, or no heart rate feedback. Subjects were also administered the Whitehead signal-detection type task. Results indicated that subjects who received fast or no heartbeat feedback performed better on the Schandry task than subjects who received slow feedback. Feedback presentation did not affect performance on the Whitehead task. These results suggest that the Schandry task is influenced by external variables (expectations, beliefs) beyond pure awareness of “discrete” visceral sensations and, thus, may not be as powerful a method for determining awareness of individual heartbeats as some other paradigms.
Normal and Inverted Algan/Gan Based Piezoelectric Field Effect Transistors Grown by Plasma Induced Molecular Beam Epitaxy
- M. J. Murphy, B. E. Foutz, K. Chu, H. Wu, W. Yeo, W. J. Schaff, O. Ambacher, L. F. Eastman, T. J. Eustis, R. Dimitrov, M. Stutzmann, W. Rieger
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- Materials Research Society Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research / Volume 4 / Issue S1 / 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 840-845
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- 1999
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High quality Ga-face and N-face AlGaN/GaN based heterostructures have been grown by plasma induced molecular beam epitaxy. By using Ga-face material we are able to fabricate conventional heterojunction field effect transistors. Because the N-face material confines electrons at a different heterojunction, the resulting transistors are called inverted. The Ga-face structures use a high temperature AlN nucleation layer to establish the polarity. Structures from these materials, relying only on polarization induced interface charge effects to create the two-dimensional electron gases, are used to confirm the polarity of the material as well as test the electrical properties of the layers. The resulting sheet concentrations of the two dimensional electron gases agree very well with the piezoelectric theory for this materials system. Hall mobilities of the two-dimensional gases for the N-face structures are as high as 1150 cm2/Vs and 3440 cm2/Vs for 300 K and 77 K respectively, while the Ga–face structures yield room temperature mobilities of 1190 cm2/Vs. Both structures were then fabricated into transistors and characterized. The inverted transistors, which were fabricated from the N-face material, yielded a maximum transconductance of 130 mS/mm and a current density of 905 mA/mm. Microwave measurements gave an ft of 7 GHz and an fmax of 12 GHz for a gate length of 1 µm. The normal transistors, fabricated from the Ga-face material, produced a maximum transconductance of 247 mS/mm and a current density of 938 mA/mm. Microwave measurements gave an ft of 50 GHz and an fmax of 97 GHz for a gate length of 0.25 µm. This shows that using plasma induced molecular beam epitaxy N-face and Ga(Al)-face AlGaN/GaN heterostructures can be grown with structural and electrical properties very suitable for high power field effect transistors.
Normal and Inverted Algan/Gan Based Piezoelectric Field effect Transistors Grown by Plasma Induced Molecular Beam Epitaxy
- M. J. Murphy, B. E. Foutz, K. Chu, H. Wu, W. Yeo, W. J. Schaff, O. Ambacher, L. F. Eastman, T. J. Eustis, R. Dimitrov, M. Stutzmann, W. Rieger
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 537 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, G8.4
- Print publication:
- 1998
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High quality Ga-face and N-face AlGaN/GaN based heterostructures have been grown by plasma induced molecular beam epitaxy. By using Ga-face material we are able to fabricate conventional heterojunction field effect transistors. Because the N-face material confines electrons at a different heterojunction, the resulting transistors are called inverted. The Ga-face structures use a high temperature AIN nucleation layer to establish the polarity. Structures from these materials, relying only on polarization induced interface charge effects to create the two-dimensional electron gases, are used to confirm the polarity of the material as well as test the electrical properties of the layers. The resulting sheet concentrations of the two dimensional electron gases agree very well with the piezoelectric theory for this materials system. Hall mobilities of the two-dimensional gases for the N-face structures are as high as 1150 cm2/Vs and 3440 cm2/Vs for 300 K and 77 K respectively, while the Ga-face structures yield room temperature mobilities of 1190 cm2/Vs. Both structures were then fabricated into transistors and characterized. The inverted transistors, which were fabricated from the N-face material, yielded a maximum transconductance of 130 mS/mm and a current density of 905 mA/mm. Microwave measurements gave an ft of 7 GHz and an fmax of 12 GHz for a gate length of 1 μm. The normal transistors, fabricated from the Ga-face material, produced a maximum transconductance of 247 mS/mm and a current density of 938 mA/mm. Microwave measurements gave an ft of 50 GHz and an fmax of 97 GHz for a gate length of 0.25 μm. This shows that using plasma induced molecular beam epitaxy N-face and Ga(A1)-face AlGaN/GaN heterostructures can be grown with structural and electrical properties very suitable for high power field effect transistors.
Defect Transitions in GaN Between 3.0 and 3.4 eV
- W. Rieger, O. Ambacher, E. Rohrer, H. Angerer, M. Stutzmann
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 449 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 671
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- 1996
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We have studied optical transitions (absorption and luminescence) in nominally undoped and Mg-doped GaN deposited by MOCVD and MBE. In the range between 3.0 and 3.4 eV, a variety of well known low-intensity luminescence lines are observed, whose origin is discussed. In particular, by comparing excitation with subgap versus above-gap laser lines as well as by combining optical subgap absorption with spectrally resolved photoconductivity, we identify localized optical transitions occuring in isolated cubic inclusions in the otherwise hexagonal GaN epitaxial layers. Implications of these strucural defects for photocurrent transients are also presented.
Improved Aluminum Nitride Thin Films Grown By Mocvd From Tritertiarybutylaluminum And Ammonia
- T. Metzger, E. Born, R. Stimmer, W. Rieger, R. Dimitrov, D. Lentz, H. Angerer, O. Ambacher, M. Stutzmann
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 423 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 323
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- 1996
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AIN thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition from tritertiarybutylaluminum and ammonia at 1050°C. These films exhibit a full width at half maximum of the 002 X-ray rocking curve below 200 arcsec indicating high epitaxial quality. By measuring asymmetric reflections, a structural disorder of the lattice mainly due to edge dislocations can be observed. For further investigations, atomic force microscopy and photothermal deflection spectroscopy were performed. In order to study the effect of increasing AIN layer thickness on the optical and structural properties of GaN in an AIN/GaN heterostructure, AIN thin films with increasing thickness ranging from 0.02 to 0.36 μm were used as sublayers for the deposition of 0.75 μm thick GaN layers. Photoluminescence, micro- Raman and X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the relaxation of biaxial compressive stress in the GaN layers due to different thermal expansion coefficients by increasing AIN layer thickness. The pressure dependence of the band gap shift was determined as 24 meV/GPa for biaxial compressive stress. Our results indicate that the growth of AIN with metal organic chemical vapor deposition from tritertiarybutylaluminum and ammonia is a promising method for obtaining high quality epitaxial films.
The Flare of 1989 September 9, 09:09 UT: Does Coronal Loop Collision Initiate Efficient Gamma-Ray Emission?
- H. Aurass, A. Hofmann, E. Rieger
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 142 / 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 707-711
- Print publication:
- 1994
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Vector magnetogram data and Hα pictures together with data published by Chupp et al. lead us to conjecture that in the presented case a contact between the rising two-ribbon flare current sheet and a coronal loop connecting two nearby plage regions initiates efficient high-energy γ-ray emission.
Subject headings: Sun: corona — Sun: flares — Sun: X-rays, gamma rays
Gamma-Ray Precursors of Solar Flares
- E. Rieger
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 142 / 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 645-648
- Print publication:
- 1994
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Bursts have been observed by the gamma-ray spectrometer on SMM at medium- and high-energy gamma-rays that precede the flare maximum. The negligible contribution of nuclear lines in the spectra of these events and their impulsive appearance suggests that they are hard-electron-dominated events superposed on the flares. Spatial resolution at gamma-ray energies will be necessary to decide whether this kind of bursts is cospatial with the flares or whether they occur in the flares’ vicinity.
Subject headings: Sun: flares — Sun: X-rays, gamma rays