41 results
Peer review of clinical and translational research manuscripts: Perspectives from statistical collaborators
- Phillip J. Schulte, Judith D. Goldberg, Robert A. Oster, Walter T. Ambrosius, Lauren Balmert Bonner, Howard Cabral, Rickey E. Carter, Ye Chen, Manisha Desai, Dongmei Li, Christopher J. Lindsell, Gina-Maria Pomann, Emily Slade, Tor D. Tosteson, Fang Yu, Heidi Spratt
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 8 / Issue 1 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 January 2024, e20
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Research articles in the clinical and translational science literature commonly use quantitative data to inform evaluation of interventions, learn about the etiology of disease, or develop methods for diagnostic testing or risk prediction of future events. The peer review process must evaluate the methodology used therein, including use of quantitative statistical methods. In this manuscript, we provide guidance for peer reviewers tasked with assessing quantitative methodology, intended to complement guidelines and recommendations that exist for manuscript authors. We describe components of clinical and translational science research manuscripts that require assessment including study design and hypothesis evaluation, sampling and data acquisition, interventions (for studies that include an intervention), measurement of data, statistical analysis methods, presentation of the study results, and interpretation of the study results. For each component, we describe what reviewers should look for and assess; how reviewers should provide helpful comments for fixable errors or omissions; and how reviewers should communicate uncorrectable and irreparable errors. We then discuss the critical concepts of transparency and acceptance/revision guidelines when communicating with responsible journal editors.
Forewords: Bringing design research into gerontology
- Sam Clark, Cardiff University
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- Book:
- Inside Retirement Housing
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 20 June 2023
- Print publication:
- 11 November 2022, pp ix-xii
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Environmental gerontology is a burgeoning field within the ageing discourse, contributing to an understanding of the spatial and material aspects of later life and manifest through concepts such as age-friendly cities, global ageing and housing and identity (Peace et al 2006; Buffel et al 2018). In recent years the demographic imperative has awoken interest from a multitude of other disciplines and practices, such as architecture, to come to the party with different perspectives and lenses through which to view an ageing society. This book captures that new excitement of discovering a fresh area of study blending gerontology and architecture together to explore a particular environment – that of retirement housing. Inside Retirement Housing is a timely and much-needed book. The critical importance of an interdisciplinary view in the spatial aspects of ageing comes across strongly in the book, not only from a ‘macro’ (age-friendly city) approach but also the ‘micro’ approach of how to design the housing in which we live.
This is not your usual gerontological textbook or monograph. Inside Retirement Housing is an apt title for a work that gets under the skin of later life living. It provides an understanding of the issues through a different stakeholder lens – Clark’s ‘cast of actors’ (architect, developer, planner and so on) – reflecting different paradigms and approaches (including creative practice research) and conveying an intricate mix of values one might associate with co-design. The book takes us into the lived experience of various actors as they tell their story and concludes with reflections from the researcher himself. This is its appeal – challenging our conceptualisation of ageing (of what it means to age in place) by introducing gerontologists to novel methods and reflections on design. It is original in that it approaches later life housing from a design perspective, while bringing forth user or ‘actor’ views expressed through storytelling and autobiographical reflection, including previously unheard voices of one commercial company’s staff and their side(s) of the story, to help navigate the retirement-living landscape.
Design is an increasingly key feature in gerontology. The UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)-funded Healthy Ageing Challenge programme of research has design as central (UKRI, 2022); recognition that it can help address some of the complex social care and housing issues that exist and contribute to improving the lives of older people.
33764 Cost-effectiveness of Initial Treatment Strategies for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
- B. Malik Wahba, Tarik Phillips, Kenneth Sands, Judith Lieu, Alexander K. Chow, Nicholas Pickersgill, Michelle Doering, Eric H Kim
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 5 / Issue s1 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 March 2021, p. 131
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: We compare the cost-effectiveness of treatments for early prostate cancer, and propose how to maximize the value of care within an increasingly cost-constrained healthcare climate. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Each year 192,000 men in the United States are diagnosed with prostate cancer. With various treatment options available, there is a growing role for cost-effectiveness analyses which may help maximize the value of care to the patient. In this review we compare the cost-effectiveness of primary treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In this systematic review we aim to compare the cost-effectiveness or cost-utility of primary treatment strategies for clinically localized prostate cancer. This review, which adheres to 2009 PRISMA guidelines, included studies of men with clinically localized prostate cancer comparing at least two treatment strategies using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). We included analyses only of the United States healthcare system with at least 10 years of follow-up. These studies were published from 2006 to 2019 and generally included men with low or low to intermediate risk prostate cancer. Most studies reported outcomes for men age 65-70. All studies were prospective simulated trials and used a Markov model to simulate patient outcomes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Ten articles were included in the analysis. All studies used a Markov model to simulate a randomized trial. Six studies primarily compared radiation modalities, and four compared observation with immediate treatment. There was substantial heterogeneity in treatment protocols and the patients being simulated. Sensitivity analyses showed these models to be influenced by utility values and length of follow-up. A meta-analysis was not possible as no studies reported the variance of the primary outcome. Heterogeneity in study design limited comparisons of treatments across studies. However, these models were sensitive to patient-specific clinical factors, including life expectancy and the utility during and after each treatment. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: These studies indicate collectively that the cost-effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment for similarly staged men may be heavily impacted by comorbidities and personal preferences. As the US moves towards value-based care, patient preferences may continue to drive the preferred treatment for newly diagnosed prostate cancer.
The Development of an Environmental Surveillance Protocol to Detect Candida auris and Measure the Adequacy of Discharge Room Cleaning Performed by Different Methods
- Sadie Solomon, Michael Phillips, Anne Kelly, Akwasi Darko, Frank Palmeri, Peter Aguilar, Julia Gardner, Judith Medefindt, Stephanie Sterling, Maria Aguero-Rosenfeld, Anna Stachel
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, pp. s404-s405
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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Background: Contaminated surfaces within patient rooms and on shared equipment is a major driver of healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). The emergence of Candida auris in the New York City metropolitan area, a multidrug-resistant fungus with extended environmental viability, has made a standardized assessment of cleaning protocols even more urgent for our multihospital academic health system. We therefore sought to create an environmental surveillance protocol to detect C. auris and to assess patient room contamination after discharge cleaning by different chemicals and methods, including touch-free application using an electrostatic sprayer. Surfaces disinfected using touch-free methods may not appear disinfected when assessed by fluorescent tracer dye or ATP bioluminescent assay. Methods: We focused on surfaces within the patient zone which are touched by the patient or healthcare personnel prior to contact with the patient. Our protocol sampled the over-bed table, call button, oxygen meter, privacy curtain, and bed frame using nylon-flocked swabs dipped in nonbacteriostatic sterile saline. We swabbed a 36-cm2 surface area on each sample location shortly after the room was disinfected, immediately inoculated the swab on a blood agar 5% TSA plate, and then incubated the plate for 24 hours at 36°C. The contamination with common environmental bacteria was calculated as CFU per plate over swabbed surface area and a cutoff of 2.5 CFU/cm2 was used to determine whether a surface passed inspection. Limited data exist on acceptable microbial limits for healthcare settings, but the aforementioned cutoff has been used in food preparation. Results: Over a year-long period, terminal cleaning had an overall fail rate of 6.5% for 413 surfaces swabbed. We used the protocol to compare the normal application of either peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide or bleach using microfiber cloths to a new method using sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) applied with microfiber cloths and electrostatic sprayers. The normal protocol had a fail rate of 9%, and NaDCC had a failure rate of 2.5%. The oxygen meter had the highest normal method failure rate (18.2%), whereas the curtain had the highest NaDCC method failure rate (11%). In addition, we swabbed 7 rooms previously occupied by C. auris–colonized patients for C. auris contamination of environmental surfaces, including the mobile medical equipment of the 4 patient care units that contained these rooms. We did not find any C. auris, and we continue data collection. Conclusions: A systematic environmental surveillance system is critical for healthcare systems to assess touch-free disinfection and identify MDRO contamination of surfaces.
Funding: None
Disclosures: None
Foreword
- Alisoun Milne, University of Kent, Canterbury
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- Book:
- Mental Health in Later Life
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 23 February 2021
- Print publication:
- 19 February 2020, pp vi-viii
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Summary
Mental Health in Later Life is a significant and timely book. It will be welcomed by those concerned with issues around mental health and well-being not only in later life but throughout the life course. Given growing life expectancy and the potential for complex mental and physical health problems the issues raised in this book are of increasing relevance to academics, policy makers, health and social care professionals and students in a range of disciplines.
What readers will find particularly interesting is the lens through which issues are viewed and analysed – not a medical or clinical perspective but one informed by a fusion of critical social gerontology, the life course and inequalities perspectives. A commitment to social justice and to engaging with the lived experiences and voices of older people are also prominent dimensions of the discourse. These are themes that resonate with an earlier Policy Press series, Ageing and the Life Course.
Milne takes us on a journey starting with her own interest in the topic as a social worker in the 1990s. These experiences alongside those of a long-standing gerontological researcher and social work lecturer offer a particularly rich critical optic on the multiplicity of issues that impact on mental health in later life.
A book which influenced my own thinking on mental health in later life as a social worker was Past Trauma in Late Life European Perspectives on Therapeutic Work with Older People edited by Hunt, Marshall and Rowlings. It analysed the lives of older people who had experienced trauma in early life, including individual experiences of the Holocaust as well as the resurfacing of psychic pain in dementia. This was published in 1977 and many of the themes are picked up in Milne's book. We have come a considerable distance since 1977 but much remains to be done to understand the causes of, and prevent, mental ill health in later life. Key challenges include highlighting the influence of issues that are life course embedded such as gender, socio-economic status and childhood adversity; also to reframe factors such as ‘resilience’ as a feature of a socio-cultural context rather than a feature of an individual. Establishing connections between what has gone before in a person's life and mental health in later life is also key to appreciating what needs to change to improve outcomes and promote mental health and well-being.
three - Negotiating unfamiliar environments
- Edited by Alan Walker, The University of Sheffield
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- Book:
- The New Dynamics of Ageing Volume 2
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 13 April 2022
- Print publication:
- 25 July 2018, pp 35-50
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Summary
Introduction
‘Active and healthy ageing’, with the goal of staying as independent as possible for as long as possible, has continued to be the policy focus in many countries (WHO, 2015). ‘Ageing in place’ and individual responsibility have also become enshrined in policy, reinforcing the importance of designing age-friendly communities that support independent living. To feel safe and comfortable in one's local neighbourhood with access to a variety of activities are crucial factors in retaining independence in later life. ‘Ageing in place’ and ‘place attachment’, another concept well used in ageing research (Smith, 2009), however, assumes some familiarity over time with that place.
Age-friendly cities are viewed as sensitive to age from the perspective of older residents living there. Although this is a critical component, which should be at the heart of all considerations of town planning, increasingly there is a need to assess the environment from the perspective of a visitor or someone who is unfamiliar with the environment. There are three major reasons that older people are increasingly experiencing environments that can be unfamiliar to them. This may be because of travelling as tourists to new areas; urban regeneration; or as a result of cognitive decline, where the familiar becomes unfamiliar.
The central aim of the project was to determine the mechanisms and strategies used by older people to navigate unfamiliar spaces as pedestrians (‘unfamiliar’ defined as new spaces to the older person or spaces that have become unfamiliar). Although there are many studies on accessibility (Granborn et al, 2016; I’DGO, no date), there is less research on the impact and effects of architecture and town design on older people's walkability, usability or their perception of the unfamiliar built environment.
The effects of the built environment and use of space on older people's self-perception and identity are being increasingly recognised (Peace et al, 2006). As people go through the life course, their use of space changes (Rowles, 1978).
7 - Agency and responsibility: The case of the foodindustry and obesity
- Edited by Allison Gray, University of Windsor, Ronald Hinch, University of Ontario Institute of Technology
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- Book:
- A Handbook of Food Crime
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 19 April 2022
- Print publication:
- 09 May 2018, pp 111-126
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Introduction
The World Health Organization (WHO, 2004, 2011) and USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC,2010) refer to obesity as an epidemic. The healthconsequences of obesity are severe, includingincreased risks of stroke and type-2 diabetes.Two-thirds of the US population is overweight orobese, and obesity is the leading cause ofpreventable death (Haomiao and Lubetkin, 2010).While there is agreement on the dangers andconsequences of obesity, there exists a robustdiscussion on what exactly causes obesity.Candidates include portion sizes, aggressivemarketing, ignorance about ingredients and theireffects, government subsidies, sedentary lifestyles,or a lack of alternatives. Closely linked to thisdiscussion of causes is a debate aboutresponsibility.
The term ‘responsibility’ has its roots in 18th and19th-century political and legal spheres (Feinberg,1970; Fletcher, 1999). Given the legal foundationsof the term, it comes as no surprise thatresponsibility has mainly been interpreted as aretrospective concept. Retrospective responsibilityrefers to an actor's past actions and the resultingoutcomes (Miller, 2001). The retrospectiveinterpretation of responsibility aims at punishmentof the perpetrator for harm caused and atcompensation for the victim (Feinberg, 1970;Fletcher, 1999). Central to the retrospectiveapproach to responsibility is the identification ofthe offender or wrongdoer and assigningresponsibility:
Once we know that a crime – described aswrongdoing or wrongful conduct – has occurred, thenext question: Who did it? Who is responsible? Theinquiry requires us to localize the crime in theperson or a particular offender. The “attribution”captures the idea of bringing home the crime tothe offender and holding the offender responsiblefor the crime. (Fletcher, 1999, p 81)
The challenge regarding food crimes in general, andobesity more specifically, is that obesity is theresult of many actions by a variety of actors suchas governments, businesses and consumers. Thischapter introduces a more nuanced approach informedby recent work in philosophy addressing questions ofcomplex responsibility and agency. Because questionsof agency are complicated by the number anddiversity of actors across global value chains,responsibility needs to be understood as shared andinteractive.
How older people as pedestrians perceive the outdoor environment – methodological issues derived from studies in two European countries
- HANNA WENNBERG, JUDITH PHILLIPS, AGNETA STÅHL
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 38 / Issue 12 / December 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 July 2017, pp. 2435-2467
- Print publication:
- December 2018
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This paper has re-analysed and compared data between three studies conducted in the United Kingdom and in Sweden (the OPUS ‘Older People's Use of Unfamiliar Space’ study in the United Kingdom and the Swedish studies ‘Let's Go for a Walk’ and ‘Walking in Old Age’) to provide a comprehensive account of the issues facing older people in the outdoor environment. All three studies draw on the ‘fit’ between the person and their environment as a guiding conceptual base – capturing the dynamics of the relationship between older people's personal needs and their wider environmental context. This common conceptual base allowed us to test theory against practice, and to explore the utility of this concept across different geographical contexts. Participatory research was also applied, highlighting the importance of the voice of older people and involving older people in research. The studies also used a mixed-method approach involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. The paper highlights that although not generalisable, you can compare cross-locales and cross-nationally using different methodology; it investigates the challenges of cross-national comparative analysis and draws on findings from the three studies to illustrate the different challenges and solutions and finally looks at lessons that are transferable.
International Standards and Guidelines on Education and Training for the Multi-disciplinary Health Response to Major Events that Threaten the Health Status of a Community*
- Education Committee Working Group World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Geert Seynaeve, Frank Archer, Judith Fisher, Brigitte Lueger-Schuster, Alison Rowlands, Phillip Sellwood, Karel Vandevelde, Anastasia Zigoura
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 19 / Issue S2 / 04-06 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 February 2017, pp. s17-s24
- Print publication:
- 04-06 2004
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The 13th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine, convened in Melbourne, Australia in May 2003, requested the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) to lead the development of “International Standards and Guidelines on Education and Training for “Disaster Medicine”. This Paper has been developed by a Working Group of the WADEM Education Committee (“the Working Group”) in response to that request from the international “Disaster Medicine” and emergency health community. The main focus of the Working Group is to develop standards and guidelines for education and training in the multi-disciplinary health response to major events that threaten the health status of a community. The contemporary view is that of a multi-disciplinary health response to major events which threaten the health status of a community, including the prevention and mitigation of future events, and taking account of the broader context in which these events occur.
It is the vision of the Working Group that evidence-based standards and guidelines for education and training must be developed in a broad sense, for all members of the healthcare community. Rather than purely describing isolated performance indicators, the Working Group agreed that priority be given to explaining the general approach, presenting the conceptual framework, clarifying important principles, and describing the educational needs and training requirements for situations for which there exist a major threat to the health status of a community.
It is not the intent to produce an updated educational curriculum for special courses in “Disaster Medicine” by listing levels of theoretical knowledge and clinical skills required for medical doctors, nurses, and paramedics. Nor, does the Working Group think it is useful to repeat requirements and learning outcomes that are part of the normal basic education and training for the various health professionals.
The purpose of this Issues Paper is to present an initial summary of current issues relating to an international perspective of “Disaster Medicine” education and training. This summary has been prepared following discussions within the Working Group of the WADEM Education Committee. The paper aims to stimulate debate and form the basis of further of discussion at an international meeting scheduled to be held in Brussels (Belgium) on 29–31 October 2004.
The Working Group has structured this Issues Paper into five parts and has identified several key issues for discussion.
Part 1: Understanding the contemporary interpretation of the multi-disciplinary health response to major events that threaten the health status of a community
Issue 1: Definitions and terminology in “Disaster Medicine”;
Issue 2: Getting to grips with the contemporary concepts and international trends in “Disaster Medicine”; and,
Issue 3: Valuing personal attributes in “Disaster Medicine” practitioners.
Part 2: Developing an underlying scientific framework for linking theory to practice in “Disaster Medicine”
Issue 4: Creating a scientific framework(s) for “Disaster Medicine”.
Part 3: Defining a conceptual framework and general principals to develop “International Standards and Guidelines on Education and Training for the Multi-disciplinary Health Response to Major Events that Threaten the Health Status of a Community”
Issue 5: Where are we now? Getting to grips with the contemporary concepts and international trends in “Disaster Medicine” education and training.
Issue 6: Where do we want to get to? Identifying contemporary, evidence-based education and training standards and guidelines for “Disaster Medicine” education and training programs.
Issue 7: How do we get there? Overcoming barriers to introducing the International Standards and Guidelines.
Part 4: Maintaining the momentum—improving international collaboration
Issue 8: Exploring the feasibility of an ongoing, international, collaborative network of “Centres of Excellence” in “Disaster Medicine” research and/or education.
Part 5: Additional input
Issue 9: What other issues would you like to bring to the attention of the Working Group?
Conclusions:The results of the consultation will lead to the development of international standards and guidelines that will be presented and consensus sought during the 14th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WCDEM-14) to be convened in Edinburgh in May, 2005.
Series editor’s foreword
- Ricca Edmondson, National University of Ireland Galway
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- Book:
- Ageing, Insight and Wisdom
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 10 March 2022
- Print publication:
- 29 June 2015, pp xii-xii
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Summary
Wisdom, the meaning of and in life, lived experience, identity and the lifecourse concepts highlighted by Ricca Edmondson in this book describe the very essence of the ‘Ageing and the Lifecourse’ series. The book provides a critical approach to how gerontology uses these concepts and incorporates debates, for example around the meaning of life, into its dominant discourses which, as Harry Moody describes above, can ‘impoverish our understanding’ of later life. The study of ageing and the lifecourse is increasingly an interdisciplinary area of study. Consequently students, academics, professionals and policy makers interested in understanding later life need to look at Ageing, Insight and Wisdom: Meaning and Practice across the Lifecourse to challenge the dominant and often negative views of ageing and to open up new ways of thinking about the contribution of later life. The book will be invaluable to all gerontologists, particularly cultural gerontologists, sociologists, philosophers, practitioners and policy makers in the area of ageing and later life. It certainly achieves its aim in opening up the debates surrounding lifecourse meanings and values.
Foreword
- Edited by Kathrin Komp, Helsingin yliopisto, Finland, Stina Johansson, Umeå universitet, Sweden
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- Book:
- Population Ageing from a Lifecourse Perspective
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 11 March 2022
- Print publication:
- 25 March 2015, pp xiii-xiv
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Summary
Kathrin Komp and Stina Johansson draw together an edited collection which revisits the central theme of this series: ageing and the lifecourse. Interrogating this theme, they take a critical gerontological perspective on the lifecourse, acknowledging its diversity, fluidity, complexity and connectedness with other phases of life and generations. Given its shifting parameters, ‘some fixed, some malleable’, how this concept is incorporated into policy is difficult, yet the book provides a global snapshot of how this can be accomplished. Ways in which ageing and old age as a category are constructed and structured by the society and culture in which it takes place are illustrated through examples in Europe, China, the US, Canada and Australia. The message throughout the book, conveyed by internationally renowned authors on ageing, is that ageing has to be viewed within the lifecourse framework, if we are to address the health and social care needs of older people and the inequalities of ageing. Population ageing from a lifecourse perspective contributes significantly to the literature on critical gerontology and is a vital resource for academics, students and professionals interested in ageing and later life.
11 - Recovering Charlotte Smith's Letters: A History, With Lessons
- from III - Private Theatricals and Posthumous Lives
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- By Judith Phillips Stanton, None
- Jacqueline Labbe
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- Book:
- Charlotte Smith in British Romanticism
- Published by:
- Pickering & Chatto
- Published online:
- 05 December 2014, pp 159-174
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Summary
When William Hayley invited Charlotte Smith to join him at Eartham for a writer's retreat, the poet William Cowper observed her ‘[c]hain'd to her desk like a slave to his oar’. She would produce twenty new pages in a morning – an extraordinary pace – and read them to Hayley 's guests in the afternoon. Cowper did not acknowledge, or perhaps did not see, that Smith was, as Sarah Zimmerman writes, ‘pursu[ing] two writing careers at once: her published works and a copious correspondence’, a significant portion of which letters are published in The Collected Letters of Charlotte Smith. This collection, and Stuart Curran's magisterial edition of her works now complete at Pickering & Chatto, mark Smith's rising star, a new mini-industry of Smithian studies, engaging us in the most honourable and exciting project of elaborating on and proving Curran's bold and welcome claim that Charlotte Smith is the first Romantic poet.
It was not always so. I first heard of Smith in 1967 as a college junior in a course on the English novel. Our secondary reading, Edward Wagenknecht's Cavalcade of the Novel, proclaimed The Old Manor House to be, ‘excepting the work of the acknowledged masters … surely one of the best romances in the whole realm of English fiction’. That stuck with me. In fact none of Smith's novel s or poetry was in print that year, a situation shortly remedied by Anne Henry Ehrenpries's handsome hardback editions of The Old Manor House (1969) and Emmeline (1971). By then I was a graduate student focusing on British literature and the novel at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill. On campus, opposition to the war in Vietnam was peaking. Even at a sleepy southern campus like UNC, student protests over the war and the ongoing protests in the civil rights movement disrupted classes, but they also pointed us women graduate students to an older entrenched injustice in our coursework. The English department's official list of authors for Phd candidates to study included only Jane Austen, the Brontes, George Eliot and Virginia Woolf among a host of men.
five - Beyond transport: understanding the role of mobilities in connecting rural elders in civic society
- Edited by Catherine Hagan Hennessy, Robin Means, University of the West of England, Vanessa Burholt, Swansea University
- Foreword by Alan Walker
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- Book:
- Countryside Connections
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 04 March 2022
- Print publication:
- 29 April 2014, pp 125-158
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Summary
Introduction
This chapter argues for an understanding of connectivity through mobility by elders living in rural areas that goes beyond the traditional transport planning focus on the supply of and demand for transport services. This involves consideration of not just physical movement, but also all the other ways in which older people can be ‘mobile’ for connectivity and the wider benefits and meanings mobility brings, for example, video-calling grandchildren using computer software, finding out about shopping delivery services for use in bad weather or compiling a scrapbook about a past alpine holiday. Following a brief review of methods, a conceptual framework for mobility that can be applied across the life course is presented. The following section applies this framework as a context to understanding some of the key mobility policy and practice challenges for the promotion of the connectivity of rural elders, which relate to the availability of mobility options – cars in particular – and the associated issues of accessibility and mobility-linked social exclusion. It is concluded that the more holistic appraisal of mobility for older citizens brings important conceptual benefits. A picture emerges of rural areas being ‘car-intensive’, but less car-dependent than identified in previous studies, with accessibility for connectivity also relatively unproblematic for the majority, although with minorities representing important exceptions. Practical relevance is drawn out for planning and urban design, as well as for health and social care professionals.
Methods
The analysis draws on the quantitative survey described in Chapter One and two qualitative data-collection activities conducted specifically for the mobility and transport study that was part of the Grey and Pleasant Land (GaPL) project: 45 semi-structured interviews, for which the participants were selected to represent a range of mobility lifestyles; and 10 phenomenological interviews, with participants selected according to varying health and mobility statuses.
The GaPL survey contained a series of mobility-related questions that addressed travel patterns and behaviours, mode choice (including over time), and whether mobility played a role in either exclusion from, or engagement with, the local community. Participants in the semi-structured interviews were mostly recruited from volunteers identified through the quantitative survey, but due to the low representation in the quantitative survey sample of a particular group of interest (people who had recently given up car-driving), seven further participants were recruited from outside of the quantitative survey sample.
Age-Friendly Rural Communities: Conceptualizing ‘Best-Fit’*
- Norah Keating, Jacquie Eales, Judith E. Phillips
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement / Volume 32 / Issue 4 / December 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 October 2013, pp. 319-332
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The literature on age-friendly communities is predominantly focused on a model of urban aging, thereby failing to reflect the diversity of rural communities. In this article, we address that gap by focusing on the concept of community in a rural context and asking what makes a good fit between older people and their environment. We do this through (a) autobiographical and biographical accounts of two very different geographical living environments: bucolic and bypassed communities; and through (b) analysis of the different needs and resources of two groups of people: marginalized and community-active older adults, who live in those two different rural communities. We argue that the original 2007 World Health Organization definition of age friendly should be reconceptualized to explicitly accommodate different community needs and resources, to be more inclusive as well as more interactive and dynamic, incorporating changes that have occurred over time in people and place.
Foreword
- Edited by Eva Jeppsson Grassman, Linköpings universitet, Sweden, Anna Whitaker, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Sweden
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- Book:
- Ageing with Disability
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 03 February 2022
- Print publication:
- 08 May 2013, pp vii-viii
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Summary
Ageing with disability: A lifecourse perspective offers a well-informed, critical approach to the debates in the fields of disability and ageing. As the title suggests it views disability through the lens of the lifecourse, addressing the impact of multiple disabilities over time and on the different phases of life. The book challenges our stereotypes of ‘successful ageing’, particularly in the context of the social model of disability. New questions are raised and discussed, such as ‘What does it mean to age with a physical or mental disability, and what care resources are available?’ ‘How do older people make sense of disability, and what is the meaning of care in such contexts?’ The chapter authors offer an excellent mix of theory and evidence, within comparative policy contexts, to explore these questions.
Students, academics, professionals and policy makers will be attracted to this text which addresses the social model of disability, and to the series ‘Ageing and the Lifecourse’ on the latest research, theory, policy and practice developments in ageing.
Contributors
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- By Gregory A. Aarons, Nick Axford, Frances Wallace Bailey, Judith Bennett, Karen A. Blase, James Boyle, Tracey Bywater, Linda L. Caldwell, Jeanne Century, Anne Michelle Daniels, Thomas J. Dishion, Celene E. Domitrovich, Morgaen Donaldson, Glen Dunlap, Carl J. Dunst, Melissa Van Dyke, Dean L. Fixsen, Tamsin Ford, Lise Fox, Cassie Freeman, Robyn M. Gillies, Amy E. Green, Mark T. Greenberg, Violet H. Harada, Tim Hobbs, Cindy Huang, Robert J. Illback, Barbara Kelly, Kathryn Margolis, Elizabeth Miller, Dana T. Mitra, Jeremy J. Monsen, Julia E. Moore, Louise Morpeth, Barbara Neufeld, Colleen K. Reutebuch, Mollie Rudnick, Robert Savage, Robert E. Slavin, Elizabeth A. Stormshack, Phillip Strain, Keith J. Topping, Carol M. Trivette, Sharon Vaughn, Janet A. Welsh, Lisa Marks Woolfson, Joyce Yukawa
- Edited by Barbara Kelly, University of Strathclyde, Daniel F. Perkins, Pennsylvania State University
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- Book:
- Handbook of Implementation Science for Psychology in Education
- Published online:
- 05 November 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 August 2012, pp xi-xiv
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Foreword
- Edited by Thomas Scharf, Newcastle University, Norah C. Keating, University of Alberta
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- Book:
- From Exclusion to Inclusion in Old Age
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 07 September 2022
- Print publication:
- 27 June 2012, pp x-x
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Summary
Tom Scharf and Norah Keating introduce us to the debates surrounding exclusion and inclusion in later life within a comprehensive global context. The book takes a multidimensional lifecourse perspective, addressing the drivers as well as policy and practice responses. The authors of each chapter offer us a better understanding of the concepts of inclusion and exclusion through issues such as poverty and economic recession, migration, the family, the built environment and human rights and place exclusion in a truly global context with reference to developing countries, the Asia-Pacific rim, as well as Europe. Consequently, the book advances our theoretical understanding, bringing fresh and challenging perspectives on the family and wider community which interact to foster exclusion and provides a way forward for policy discourse on how to develop inclusive communities.
This book is an original contribution to the theoretical debate around exclusion/ inclusion and will be a good resource for undergraduates, postgraduates and, in particular, policy makers working with older people.
Foreword
- Liz Lloyd, University of Bristol
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- Book:
- Health and Care in Ageing Societies
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 01 September 2022
- Print publication:
- 16 May 2012, pp v-v
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Summary
A global view of the complex relationship between health, care and ageing is provided in this refreshing approach to significant issues of later life. The book challenges a number of key assumptions of policy and practice, such as stereotypes of older people as a burden and drain on resources and society. It also questions the narrow and negative focus on healthcare in contrast to promoting positive health and well-being. Underpinning the discussion are frameworks to help the reader critique the processes involved in health and social care policies and the dominant discourses that have pervaded our thinking of how to address health and social care needs of an older population. An ethics of care approach and an understanding of the lifecourse are central to the reframing of these issues.
This book captures the essence of the ‘Ageing and the Lifecourse’ series, based on critical gerontology and lifecourse perspectives. With renewed interest in mid and later life, the series ‘Ageing and the Lifecourse’ bridges the gaps in the literature as well as provides cutting-edge debate on new and traditional areas of ageing within a lifecourse perspective, while focusing on the social rather than the medical aspects of ageing. Such an approach will appeal to professionals as well as academics engaged in these debates at local, regional, national and global levels. It has considerable relevance to policy makers in health and social care, particularly at a time when, in many parts of the world, economic considerations are in the forefront of the debate on how to provide health and social care in ageing societies.
Foreword
- Amanda Grenier, University of Toronto
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- Book:
- Transitions and the Lifecourse
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 01 September 2022
- Print publication:
- 31 January 2012, pp ix-x
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Summary
This book captures the essence of the ‘Ageing and the Lifecourse’ series, based on critical gerontology and lifecourse perspectives. Drawing on US and European literature it provides a refreshing, topical and challenging approach to the dominant models of later life, and by highlighting the increasing diversity in experience and changing social context it gives an opportunity to rethink the notion of transitions in later life. It sets out a framework for looking at the changing understandings and concepts of later life and has considerable relevance for appropriate policy and practice responses.
Transitions are fundamental to our experiences across the lifecourse, particularly in later life. As the book highlights, there are various underlying tensions in arriving at a common interdisciplinary definition of ‘transition’: whether it has fixed stages or is a fluid process, is about continuity or change, and the tension inherent when viewing transitions within normative age- and stage-based assumptions.
For many, a fixed view of change into decline in older age is a one-way street of service provision; but Grenier challenges this, putting forward fresh models for rethinking transitions in later life that call for a more flexible approach, and one that does not stigmatise those who do not fall within the concept of successful or healthy ageing. Her analysis is based on a review of theory, policy and practice and centrally incorporates older people's voices. The contemporary context in which ageing occurs and the increasing diversity of the ageing experience along with the attention to subjectivity has challenged our notions of transitions and can enable policy and practice to move forward with more flexible arrangements.
Students and academic scholars in gerontology, professionals in social work and social care practice and policy makers who base their actions on their understandings of change and transition in later life will be attracted to this text.
Foreword
- Peter G. Coleman, University of Southampton
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- Book:
- Belief and Ageing
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 01 September 2022
- Print publication:
- 05 July 2011, pp iv-iv
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Summary
Spirituality is a neglected area for public discussion, yet a crucial aspect for many older people in later life. Reviewing life and its meaning from the perspective of later life is often missing in academic texts on ageing and older people. Yet spiritual needs increase with age and spirituality can be a crucial support to many, particularly during transitions associated with later life such as bereavement.
This book redresses that omission. It deals with the terminology around spirituality, religion and belief ; it stresses older people's views throughout; it looks at spirituality from a multi-faith perspective and couches this within different cultural, religious and social contexts. With an increasing emphasis on Islam and alternative meaning systems, it addresses both contemporary debates alongside historical accounts.
To fit in with the ‘Ageing and the Lifecourse’ series it takes a lifecourse approach, looking at the diversity of beliefs and different faiths that an older person may have witnessed over their lifetime. It also challenges the tendency to view old age as an isolated, separate or static phase of life and emphasises the interrelationship between different phases of life and continuities across the lifecourse.